• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2006

We investigated the distribution of three anuran species, Three-striped pond frogs (Rana nigromaculata), Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), and Narrow-mouthed toads (Kaloula borealis), in an administrative district, Haenam Gun, Junnam Province, Korea using volunteer call surveys. Twenty-eight volunteer call surveyors were assigned to each $2{\times}2km^2$ survey plot. Call surveys on whether the species are present or not were conducted for 5 minutes between 30 minutes after sunset and the midnight on rice fields and ponds from 10 April to 28 August in 2005. Depending on species, call surveys were carried out at seven to 28 plots with average 8.4 to 10.7 visits per the plot. We calculated the detection probabilities and occupancy rates of the three species using four models with three covariates: temperature, humidity, and the amount of water at the habitat. The model average detection probabilities of three anuran species of R. nigromaculata, R. catesbeiana, and K. borealis were 0.53, 0.74, and 0.41 respectively, and the site occupancy rates of them were 0.93, 0.94, and 0.86 respectively. Our results indicate that R. nigromaculata, R. catesbeiana, and K. borealis are common in Haenam Gun.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

Background: This study was undertaken to analyze the distribution and ecological characteristics of invasive alien plant species on Jeju Island, and to provide basic data for their management and control. Results: A field research was conducted at 436 locations on Jeju Island. The field research identified nine species of invasive alien species growing on Jeju Island. Based on the distribution pattern, Hypochaeris radicata L., Rumex acetosella, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. were found to be distributed horizontally throughout Jeju Island, with vertical growth in two or more vegetation zones, from warm temperate to the subalpine zone. Widely distributed species penetrate various habitats, such as grasslands, ranches, roadsides, farmlands, and empty lots, and have an immensely negative impact on the ecosystem, including declining biodiversity on Jeju Island. Paspalum distichum var. indutum Shinners, Paspalum distichum L., Solanum carolinense L., and Aster pilosus Willd. were distributed in some areas as a biased distribution species, whereas Lactuca scariola L. and Solidago altissima L. were found only in certain areas as centralized distribution species. Conclusions: The centralized distribution species and biased distribution species of the invasive plants in the ecosystem of Jeju Island should be physically eliminated, keeping in mind the short- and mid-term perspectives and monitoring, and by considering expansion of additional distribution areas. Due to limitations of physical/chemical elimination, time, and cost, widely distributed species require to be eliminated and managed, mainly to restore the integrity of the ecosystem, by planting native species to reestablish the habitat.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.334-343
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• 2014

The number of malaria cases has been undulating for the past 10 years in Korea since the reemergence of malaria in early 1990's. Considering the spatial variations of malaria incidence across the northmost border areas near the demilitarized zone (DMZ), the occurrence of the disease seems to be influenced by the natural and human environment in the region. Malaria is an infectious disease that is transmitted to humans by the bites of vector-mosquitoes that carry malaria parasites, and its incidence rate depends on specific climatic and sociodemographic factors. This study found that the spatial characteristics of malaria incidence have varied depending on relative proportions of mosquito habitats, distance between mosquito habitats and human residence, the physical and sociodemographic environments of the city by urbanization, and local topography.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.75-86
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• 2010

This study used a phytosociolocal approach in classifying the vegetation communities of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gageodo island of Korea, and the results are as follows: Quercus acuta community was classified into Dendropanax morbifer subcommunity, Daphniphyllum macropodum subcommunity, and Quercus acuta typical subcommunity. In the study sites, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable K, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, cation exchange capacity, and soil pH were ranged from 15.23~18.89%, 0.73~0.99%, 4.31~15.06 (mg/kg), 1.09~1.13 ($cmol^+$/kg), 21~7.15 ($cmol^+$/kg), 1.33~2.10 ($cmol^+$/kg), 33.04~38.28 ($cmol^+$/kg) and 4.47~4.83 respectively. The Dendropanax morbifer subcommunity were found in sites with high percentage of organic matter, total nitrogen, and low percentage of exchangeable Mg and Ca while the Daphniphyllum macropodum subcommunity were found in sites with low percentage of organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable Mg and Ca. The Quercus acuta typical subcommunity were found in sites with high percentage of organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable Mg and Ca. It is urgently needed to work for the preparation of an island management plan to the levels of species through habitat conservation.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.292-305
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• 2009

Wireless sensor networks have a lot of application areas such as industrial process control, machine and resource management, environment and habitat monitoring. One of the main objects of using wireless sensor networks in these areas is the event detection. To detect events at a user's request, we need a join processing between sensor data and the predicates of the events. If there are too many predicates of events compared with a node's capacity, it is impossible to store them in a node and to do an in-network join with the generated sensor data This paper proposes a predicate-merge based in-network join approach to efficiently detect multiple events, considering the limited capacity of a sensor node and many predicates of events. It reduces the number of the original predicates of events by substituting some pairs of original predicates with some merged predicates. We create an estimation model of a message transmission cost and apply it to the selection algorithm of targets for merged predicates. The experiments validate the cost estimation model and show the superior performance of the proposed approach compared with the existing approaches.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1 s.114
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• pp.107-119
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• 2006

The Korea Water Resources Corporation(KOWACO) proposed bidding for an alternative design for Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam in March of 2004. The site is located in Hakseong-ri, Goro-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and has adrainage area of $87.52km^2$. The purpose of this project is to establish an environmentally friendly plan for minimizing the damage that was caused by the construction of the Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam. The design principle of KOWACO was the restoration of the natural environment, a harmonious landscape, and the creation of a space of regional and local culture. The basic concept of this project involves an ecological-restoration axis and a functional-connection axis. The site is divided into four spaces: (1) the space of memory and symbol, (2) the space of nature and ecology, (3) the space of regional and local culture, and (4) the space of the regional economy. There are four sub-spaces in the space of memory and symbol: the track forest, the time forest, the memory room, and the sun plaza. There are three sub-spaces in the space of nature and ecology: the habitat of aquatic birds, the wind forest, and the eco-corridor. There are five themed parks in the space of regional and local culture: the culture and relic room, the wildflower garden, the ecological pond, the insect observation park, and the pyogo maze. There are three areas in the space of the regional economy: the forest pension, the waterside pension, and the community center, as Dungdungi village was reorganized to serve as a lodging complex. These themed parks, working together, can offer an effective space for nature, culture, rest, and experience.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.745-749
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• 2012

국내 주요하천은 지속적인 산업화와 난개발로 인해 생태계파괴 및 수변생물의 서식처 환경 악화로 하천 생태계에 많은 악영향을 받고 있다. 그러나 1990년대 이후 국내에서는 하천의 기능과 생물의 다양성, 하천환경 및 생태학적인 가치와 중요성에 대한 인식이 매우 커짐에 따라 하천의 생태적 기능을 매우 중요시 하고 있으며, 하천의 난개발로 인한 피해를 복원하기 위해 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 대표적인 연구로 생태계 건전화 개념을 도입하여 담수성 어류 서식처 제공 및 이동에 필요한 유량을 산정한 한국 수자원공사(1995)의 연구가 있으며, 김규호 등(1996a, 1996b)은 물고기 서식처 환경 중 특히 수심과 유속 등 수리조건을 유지하기 위한 최소유량 산정 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 노경범(2011)은 섬진강의 하천환경 회복을 위한 연구대상 구간에서의 대표어종을 선정하여 서식처 특성 파악을 위해 하천 특성을 연구하였다. 이와 같이 현재 국내에서도 하천의 기능과 생태학적 기능을 위한 노력과 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 생태학적 서식처 연구에서는 아직까진 미진한 부분이 많이 있다. 그 예로 보호종이나 멸종위기어종과 같은 생물의 서식처 확보를 위한 연구가 아직까지는 많은 노력과 연구가 필요한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 환경부에서 지정한 멸종위기 1급 어종인 퉁사리를 대상으로 서식환경 특성 연구를 진행하였으며, 퉁사리의 생태학적 서식특성과 현재 지석천 상류 유역에서 관찰되고 있는 서식구간을 중심으로 MD-SWMS (Multi-Dimensional, Surface Water Modeling System) 모형을 이용하여 수리특성 분석을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 하상재료 입도분석을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 입도가 큰 굵은모래 및 잔자갈, 굵은자갈로 구성되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 수리학적 특성분석결과 서식구간 내에서는 비교적 빠른 유속이 나타났다. 이러한 퉁사리의 서식환경의 특성 분석으로 서식구간 내 입도가 큰 하상재료로 구성되어 있으며, 퇴적구간이 생성되지 않을 정도의 유사이송량과 유속이 필요할 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 퉁사리의 장기적인 서식환경 조성과 보존을 위해 대상구간의 유사이송의 연구와 실측 및 수변환경 모니터링을 통한 다양한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2015

River channel dredging and riparian development have been influenced morphology and quantity of natural river habitat. We compared distribution of riverside land and alluvial island in the Nakdong River with field survey and remote sensing analysis after the 4 Large River Project in South Korea. We digitized geomorphological elements, includes main channel, riverside land, and alluvial island by using georeferenced aerial photos taken in pre-dredging (2008) and post-dredging (2012) periods. Field survey was followed in 2012 for a ground truth of digitized boundaries and identification of newly constructed wetland types such as pond, channel, branch, and riverine type. We found that during the dredging period, riverside land and alluvial island were lost by 20.2% and 72.7%, respectively. Modification rate of riverside land was higher in the section of river kilometer 50~90, 140~180, and 210~270. Alluvial island had higher change rate in the section of river kilometer 50~70, 190~210, and 270~310. Average change rate for the riverside land and alluvial island was $-1.02{\pm}0.14km^2{\cdot}10km^{-1}$ and $-0.05{\pm}0.05km^2{\cdot}10km^{-1}$, respectively. Channel shaped wetlands (72.5%) constituted large portion of newly constructed wetlands.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2009

Ecological characteristics of Cobitis pacifica inhabited in the Yeongok Stream, Gangwon-do, Korea was investigated from May 2006 to August 2007. The major habitat was composed of sand bottom with current velocities of $0.23{\sim}0.56m\;sec^{-1}$ and depths of $20{\sim}50cm$. The sex ratio of female to male was 1 : 0.93. It was presumed that the spawning season was the period of water temperatures of $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$. Sexually matured individuals appeared over the two years of age. Frequency analysis of body length indicated that the group with $40{\sim}59mm$ in body length was one-year-old, the group of $60{\sim}89mm$ was two-years-old, the group of $90{\sim}109mm$ was three-years-old, and the group of over 110 mm was four-years-old. The average number of eggs in the ovaries was estimated as 809 per matured female. Main prey items were Ephemeroptera and Diptera.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 2019

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has been revolutionizing industry and education. This paper proposes an education platform, Smart Space EduPlatform (SSEP), for the real estate industry, aimed at educating the basic real estate technology (RETech) for workers in the real estate industry so they can achieve the highest and best use of the real estate in the smart environment. The habitat of SSEP is driven by the donation system ensuring sustainability, various technical functions such as tools for content production and learning participation, and learning behavior frameworks each in form of a learner, a teacher, and a helper. Services of SSEP consist of 17 important RETech lectures under 6 categories-planning and design, decision-making, management, economics, construction, and equipment-and project-based learning (PBL) curriculums. The lectures are provided along with video contents, additional learning materials and learning management service, while teachers' workshops, learner invitation and registration management, curriculum operation services are offered for the PBL curriculums.