• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.218-223
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• 2018

The liver is an essential organ for the detoxification of exogenous xenobiotics, drugs and toxic substances. The incidence rate of non-alcoholic liver injury increases due to dietary habit change and drug use increase. Our previous study demonstrated that Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) formulation has hepatoprotective effect against alcohol-induced liver injury in rat and tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells. This present study was designated to elucidate hepatoprotective effects of ES formulation against carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley rat. Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups. The rats were treated orally with ES formulation and silymarin (served as positive control, only 100 mg/kg/day) at a dose of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Seven days after treatment, liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of $CCl_4$ (1.5 ml/kg, twice a week for 14 days). The administration of $CCl_4$ exhibited significant elevation of hepatic enzymes (like AST and ALT), and decrease of antioxidant related enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and glutathione. Then, it leaded to DNA damages (8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde). Administration of ES formulation inhibited imbalance of above factors compared to $CCl_4$ induced rat in a dose dependent manner. Real time PCR analysis indicates that CYP2E1 was upregulated in $CCl_4$ induced rat. However, increased gene expression was compromised by ES formulation treatment. These findings suggests that ES formulation could protect hepatotoxicity caused by $CCl_4$ via two pathways: elevation of antioxidant enzymes and normalization of CYP2E1 enzyme.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.369-382
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to provide the fundamental information on satisfaction for school food service and dietary habits of middle school students in Sejong Special Self-Governing City. Generally, the subjects had a high satisfaction level for school food service. The boys had comparatively more satisfactory days for school food service than the girls. The most dissatisfactory factors of school food service were the taste and variety of menu for the girls, and the time and place for lunch and the service of employee for the boys. The intersexual differences existed with a significant difference in the irregular intake of meals, the reasons to skip meals, and the eating speed. For the boys, the main reason to skip meals was due to lack of appetite, and for the girls, it was the weight-control. The boys finished each meal within 5~10 min and ate more than the amount the girls eat in general. The main components of breakfast for the subjects were a cooked rice, soup, and side dish in 65.9%, and the frequency of skipping breakfast was high with 32.8%, which was once per week. The favorite snacks for the middle school students were cookies and beverages in 29.4%, instant foods in 24.3%, and hamburger and pizza in 21.4%. The intake frequency of snacks was once or twice per week in 46.5% of the subjects. In addition, the subjects had a very high intake frequency of fastfoods with once or twice per week in 72.7%, and the most favorite fastfood was ramen in 57.7%. The subjects in 45.3% took dairy food every day. In conclusion, the middle school students need nutrition education to improve their eating habit and to increase the frequency of breakfast.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.12 s.214
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• pp.125-134
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop a comprehensive program for improving obese children's living habits such as wearing clothing and eating, and their self-esteem. Thirteen obese elementary school children, six boys and seven girls in the 4th to 6th grade, voluntarily participated in a ten-week intervention program. During the program, the obese children filled out a checklist consisted of daily ambient temperature inside the house, weight of clothing, meal diary, time taken for physical exercise, time taken for watching TV, etc. After carrying out the program, its effect was testified and evaluated. Percent body fat of the children measured using a body composition analyzer was reduced by $1.9\%$ after the program (p<.01). Wearing behavior of clothing was positively changed in view of the high correlation between ambient temperature and clothing weight (r=-.917, p<.01). Ability of dietary self control was improved and eating time was lengthened. Self-esteem was improved in global self-worth, athletic competence, and behavior/conduct. It was suggested that active interest of the family would be helpful and that an intervention program over longer than ten week would be necessary to improve childhood obesity.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2011

Rett syndrome is a X-linked genetic neurological disorder characterized by developmental regression, particularly in relation to expressive language and use of the hands, together with profound mental retardation, that almost exclusively affects females. Oral manifestations of the disease are commonly associated with the clinical conditions such as convulsion activity, difficulties for oral hygiene behavior, walking problems and oral/digitalmanual habits. Bruxism is the most frequently observed oral habit in patients with Rett syndrome. Two cases with the Rett syndrome were reported. Both patients had the typical manifestations like stereotypic hand movement, bruxism and digit-hand sucking. Caries control for the patients was perfomed under general anesthesia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.363-370
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dietary life status according to smart device use among university students. In 2015, data was collected during a 3 month survey of the eating behaviors, lifestyles, eating habits, and use of smart devices of 550 university students, as well as their dependency on smartphones. Ultimately, 520 subjects (94.5% analysis rate) were divided into three groups based on their daily use time of smart device: low-use group (<4.7 hours, n=173), medium-use group (${\geq}4.7hours$ and <6.4 hours, n=174), and high-use group (${\geq}6.4hours$, n=173). The more frequent use groups showed a higher level of dependency on the smartphone. Breakfast was found to be the most commonly skipped meal; and the high-use group showed a higher response of irregular meals than low-use group. In assessment of eating habits, the subjects with less smart device usage ate more regularly and at fixed times, did not overeat, drank milk everyday, and did not consume processed food as often. To sum up, more irregularity of meal and undesirable eating habits were found among university students with higher use of smart devices. These results suggest that a control of smart device usage would lead to a more desirable dietary life in university students.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 1999

The present study was conducted to evaluate nutrient intakes of industrial workers with hyperlipidemia and cholesterol-saturated fat indices(CSI) of their daily meals and various side dishes accompanied with alcohol. Thirty eight male subjects of 41.0$\pm$6.5 years whose average serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were 222.9$\pm$37.7 and 282.3$\pm$139.3mg/이 were interviewed on daily intakes of foods and drinking habits including types and amounts of side dishes using 24-hour recall and questionnaire methods. Average energy habits including twenty six non-drinkers and twelve drinkers were 2365$\pm$41 and 2822$\pm$417kcal, respectively but intakes of other nutrients were not very different between two groups. Carotene intakes was, however, low in drinkers. Intakes of saturated fat, cholesterol and CSI of subjects' daily meals were 15.4$\pm$5.4g, 229$\pm$114mg and 27.1$\pm$10.4 for non-drinkers and 18.7$\pm$7.8g, 238$\pm$69mg and 30.8$\pm$9.8 for drinkers. CSI of their daily meals varied from 10 to 60 without much differences in energy values and were positively correlated with serum cholesterol levels(r=0.2606, p<0.05). Average alcohol intakes obtained from subjects' drinking habit was 89.5$\pm$46.8g per day and major side dish was roasted beef giving 660$\pm$234kcal of energy and 24.3$\pm$8.0 of CSI. From the present study, it is concluded that industrial workers are more prone to have hyperlipidemic diets due to alcohol. To improve their diet and health, an appropriate nutrition education should be necessary and CSI of various Korean foods and meals can be used as handy self-control education tool.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.309-314
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• 2013

This study aimed to identify the effect of chronic mind-body function decline on health-related activities of daily living. Data collection was surveyed using interview and questionnaires by 148 subjects in a general hospital located in Seoul from June 8 to July 13, 2011. The results were as follows: First, based on exercise habit, patient group who do exercise regularly showed in male(26.7%) and female(22.7%), respectively. The risk ratio of it was 0.25 times. On the other hand, control group who do exercise regularly showed in male(42.2%) and female(31.8%), respectively. The risk ratio of it was 0.61 times. Secondly, the risk ratio of social factor in male was 45.18 times(p=.04) while the risk ratio of physical factor in female was 237.1 times(p=.001). In conclusion, to prevent declining of chronic mind-body function, it is necessary to solve stress through sound life rhythm maintenance, immunity enhancing food intake and continuous exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the food habits and dietary intakes of University students in Busan areas. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires with 130 male and 156 female students. The results obtained were as fellows. 1. 95.3% of male and 76.4% of female students answered they are moderate or healthy. The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 94.5% and 81.0% and the rates of smoking were 73.2% and 2.0% respectively 34.6% of male and 56.9% of female students didn't regular exercise. 2. 21.3% of male and 10.5% of female students were satisfied with their current body image and 74.3% of female students wanted thinner figure. Male students attempted to weight control by exercise and females did by exercise and fasting. 3. The average BMI of students were 22.60 in males and 19.53 in females respectively and 78.0%, of female students were underweight. 4. Breakfast was skipped in 79.5%, of male and 83.7% of female students and it appeared male students eat faster than female students. 5 Male students preferred beverage and noodles and females preferred bread, biscuit, snack and beverage as snack food and female students had a higher tendency to enjoy snack time. The frequency of eating out was higher in female students and the standard of food choice was preference > price > convenience > nutritional value. The favorite dishes were meats > poultry > fruits > fishes, cereals, noodles in male and fruits > meats > cereals > poultry > noodles > fishes in female students. 6. The average energy intake were 1715.70kca1 in male and 1588.71kcal in female students respectively and the intakes of Ca, vitamin A and B2 were lower than RDA in male and female students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking and/or alcohol drinking on the nutrient intake, nutritional status, and eating habits of adult males. The subjects were 157 male adults aged 20-49 living in Daejon. Interviews with questionaire on smoking and alcohol drinking habits and eating habits, anthropometric measurement, biochemical blood test, and dietary assessment by one-day 24 hour recall and two-day diet record were carried out. The subjects were divided into four groups : control (non-smoking and non-drinking), drinking only, smoking only, and the both(drinking and smoking). The average numbers of smoked cigarettes were 17.8/d and 19.1/d in the smoking only group and the both group, respectively. The frequency of alcohol drinking was 8.3 times/month and 11.6 times/month in the drinking only group and the both group, respectively. Height was significantly higher(P 0.05) in the drinking only group than in the none and smoking only groups, while the other anthropometric indices were not different among the four groups. There were positive correlations between smoking and drinking or coffee intake. Alcohol drinking increased eating-out frequency and the intakes of energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, B$_1$,$ B_6,$ Fe and P, while smoking decreased snack frequency and intakes of energy, protein and vitamin $ B_6,$. Blood pressure was not changed in the smoking only and drinking only groups compared to the none group, while systolic blood pressure was elevated in both group(P 0.05). Alcohol drinking significantly elevated(P 0.05) serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholestrol level, while smoking did not change the serum lipid and cholesterol levels. Hemoglobin nd MCHC levels were significantly elevated(P 0.05) by smoking. From these data, it is suggested that both smoking and drinking have influence on some eating habits and nutrient intakes, and especially alcohol drinking can induce hypercholesterolemia.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2009

"Early Valley", is an early maturing potato cultivar with high yield potential. "Early Valley" is a clonal selection resulting from the cross between 'Suncrisp' and 'A87109-10'. It has medium plant height and light green foliage. "Early Valley" has medium flowering habit and white flowers. Tubers are smooth, yellow skin, light yellow flesh, round tuber shape, medium eye depth, and medium dormancy and good keeping quality. It has stable yield under wide range of climatic conditions. "Early Valley" is resistance to late blight, but moderately susceptible to common scab and hollow heart. This cultivar is also resistant to potato rotting at harvesting during the raining season. "Early Valley" has high level of antioxidant activity (about three times higher) and vitamin C (higher by 40%) than the 'Superior'. This cultivar has high level of tuber uniformity and capable of yielding 36.56 t/ha which is 17.07% higher than the control potato cultivar 'Superior' under optimum agronomical practices.