• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수정란이식학회 2005년도 제5회 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회
• /
• pp.130-130
• /
• 2005

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.383-389
• /
• 2007

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) regulates proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and modulates function of the mature hematopoietic cells. In the previous study, we reported that hGM-CSF could be produced in transgenic rice cell suspension culture, termed rhGM-CSF. In the present study we examined the single and repeated dose toxicity of rice cells-derived hGM-CSF in SD rats. During single dose toxicity study for 7 days, there were no any toxic effects at any dose of from 10 to $1000{\mu}g/kg$. The lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) was not found in this range. Moreover, repeated dose toxicity study of 14-days period and at the doses of 50 and $200{\mu}g/kg$ (i. v.) of rhGM-CSF did not show any changes in food and water intake. There were also no significant changes in both body and organ weights between the control and the test groups. The hematological and blood biochemical parameters were statistically not different in all the groups. These results suggest that rhGM-CSF has no toxicity in SD rats.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.380-383
• /
• 1997

CJ-50001 is a recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF) developed by Cheil Jedang R&D Center. The effects of CJ-50001 on the increase of peripheral neutrophil count following intravenous and subcutaneous single administration at a dose of 20$\mu$g/kg in normal ICR mice and SD rats, respectively, were compared with those of Grasin, a control drug. Both CJ-50001 and Grasin significantly increased the peripheral neutrophil number in four treatment groups and the maximum number of neutrophil was achieved at 12 to 18 h in rats and mice, respectively. The dose dependency test was studied for CJ-50001 only in normal mice by intravenous or subcutaneous administration. When administered i.v or s.c at the various doses in normal mice, CJ-50001 significantly increased the neutrophil number over the dose of 160 ng/kg, compared with the vehicle control group. From these results, it was concluded that CJ-50001 showed efficacy similar to Grasin in the peripheral neutrophil count increase.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제52권5호
• /
• pp.336-341
• /
• 2019

The cGAS-STING pathway plays an important role in pathogen-induced activation of the innate immune response. The 29-kDa amino-terminal fibronectin fragment (29-kDa FN-f) found predominantly in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis (OA) patients increases the expression of catabolic factors via the toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated whether 29-kDa FN-f induces inflammatory responses via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway in human primary chondrocytes. The levels of cGAS and STING were elevated in OA cartilage compared with normal cartilage. Long-term treatment of chondrocytes with 29-kDa FN-f activated the cGAS/STING pathway together with the increased level of gamma-H2AX, a marker of DNA breaks. In addition, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF/CSF-2), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF/CSF-3), and type I interferon ($IFN-{\alpha}$), was increased more than 100-fold in 29-kDa FN-f-treated chondrocytes. However, knockdown of cGAS and STING suppressed 29-kDa FN-f-induced expression of GM-CSF, G-CSF, and $IFN-{\alpha}$ together with the decreased activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and inhibitor protein ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$). Furthermore, NOD2 or TLR-2 knockdown suppressed the expression of GM-CSF, G-CSF, and $IFN-{\alpha}$ as well as decreased the activation of the cGAS/STING pathway in 29-kDa FN-f-treated chondrocytes. These data demonstrate that the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway plays a critical role in 29-kDa FN-f-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제45권12호
• /
• pp.742-747
• /
• 2012

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used for heart failure therapy and promotes myocardial regeneration by inducing mobilization of bone marrow stem cells to the injured heart after myocardial infarction; however, this treatment has one weakness in that its biological effect is transient. In our previous report, we generated 5 mutants harboring N-linked glycosylation to improve its antiapoptotic activities. Among them, one mutant (Phe140Asn) had higher cell viability than wild-type hG-CSF in rat cardiomyocytes, even after treatment with an apoptotic agent ($H_2O_2$). Cells treated with this mutant significantly upregulated the antiapoptotic proteins, and experienced reductions in caspase 3 activity and PARP cleavage. Moreover, the total number of apoptotic cells was dramatically lower in cultures treated with mutant hG-CSF. Taken together, these results suggest that the addition of an N-linked glycosylation was successful in improving the antiapoptotic activity of hG-CSF, and that this mutated product will be a feasible therapy for patients who have experienced heart failure.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 2015

Plant cell immobilization can protect plant cells from shear forces and increase the stability of gene. An additional advantage of immobilization is the easiness for performing continuous culture with cell recycling. Therefore plant cell immobilization can overcome the limitations of plant cell applications. In addition, target protein should be selected from pharmaceutical proteins to get rid of low expression level problem. The enhanced production of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) was investigated in immobilized Nicotiana tabacum suspension cell cultures. When the cells were immobilized in polyurethane foam, specific production of hGM-CSF was higher than that in alginate bead immobilization. Optimum continuous culture condition was the addition of 60 g/L sucrose in growth media with exchanging media every 6 day. Under the same condition, specific hGM-CSF production was 7 times higher in a 500-mL spinner flask than that in 100-mL Erlenmeyer flasks. Therefore, development of an effective immobilization process would be possible when the advantage of easy cell recycling was used. Consequently, enhanced production of target proteins could be possible in immobilized continuous cultures when the advantages of immobilization were applied.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
• /
• pp.274-278
• /
• 2003

통계실험계획법 중 하나인 Plackette-Burman법을 사용하여 실험을 설계하였으며, 수행된 실험을 통하여 6가지 인자 중 main effect의 절대값이 높은 당, nitrogen, 온도를 최종 선정할 수 있었으며, main effect 값이 양의 값을 가지는 당과 nitrogen은 첨가 농도가 높을수록, 음의 값을 가지는 온도는 낮을수록 실험에 유리하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.435-439
• /
• 2003

형질 전환된 담배 seed에서 담배 식물체를 유도하여 White 액체 배지에서 기관 배양하였다. 암조건, sucrose 2%의 조건에서 좋은 growth pattern을 나타내었고, 계대 배양은 외마디법을 이용하여 2주마다 하였다. 기관 배양에서 hGM-CSF production pattern을 보면, intracellular에서는 큰 변화 없이 약 30 ng/g의 일정한 농도를 나타내었다. Extracellular에서 hGM-CSF 농도는 배양 6일 이후부터 급속하게 증가하기 시작하여 배양 12일째에 약 0.2ng/$m\ell$의 농도를 나타낸다. 기관배양은 다른 식물세포 배양 시스템에 비해 생산되어진 단백질의 안정성이 크다는 장점에 비해 세포 내에서 배지 내로의 단백질 분비가 적다는 단점이 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 다양한 permeabilizing agents를 투여하여 담배 세포의 permeability를 증가시키고자 하였다. 그 결과, Pluronic F-68과 PEG8000을 첨가한 경우 담배 세포에서 배지 내로의 단백질 분비가 원활해졌음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.315-320
• /
• 2008

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) is a glycoprotein and hematopoietic growth factors that regulates the proliferation of myeloid precursor cells and activates mature granulocytes and macrophages. In a previous study, we reported that hGM-CSF could be produced in transgenic rice cell suspension culture, termed rhGM-CSF. In the present study, we examined the repeated dose toxicity of rhGM-CSF in SD rats. The repeated dose toxicity study was performed at each dose of 50 and 200 ${\mu}g/kg$ subcutaneous administration of rhGM-CSF everyday for 28-days period. The results did not show any changes in food and water intake. There were also no significant changes in both body and organ weights between the control and the tested groups. The hematological and blood biochemical parameters were statistically not different in all groups. These results suggest that rhGM-CSF may show no repeated dose toxicity in SD rats under the conditions.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2001

목적 : 최근 항암 화학요법이나 두경부의 방사선치료 후 나타나는 백혈구감소증을 치료하기 위해 조혈세포 성장인자인 과립구 집락형성인자를 투여한 결과, 백혈군감소증과 더불어 구강 점막염의 완화가 몇몇 임상연구에서 보고되고 있다. 그러나 그 기전이나 적절한 투여 방법에 대해서는 뚜렷이 밝혀지지 않았으며, 다른 위장관 점막에 대한 보호효과에 대해서도 아직 알려진 바가 없다. 이에 저자는 생쥐 공장 점막에 대한 과립구 집락형성인자의 방사선 보호제로서의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 실험 동물은 체중 20 g 내외의 생후 $4\~5$주된 BALB/c 생쥐 105 마리로 각각 정상 대조군, 과립구 집락형성인자 단독투여군(제 I 군 : $10\;{\mu}g/kg/$일, 제 II 군 $100\;{\mu}g/kg/$일), 방사선 단독조사군(7.5 Gy 또는 12 Gy 전신조사), 그리고 방사선조사와 과립구 집락형성인자 병행 처치군(G-CSF I 또는 II+7.5 Gy, G-CSF I 또는 II+12 Gy)의 아홉군으로 구분하였다. 과립구 집락형성인자는 과립구 집락형성인자 단독투여군 및 방사선조사와 과립구 집락 형성인자 병행처치군 모두에서 방사선조사 2일 전부터 24시간 간격으로 방사선조사일까지 3일 동안 매일 1회 피하 주사하였고, 방사선조사는 6 MV 선형 가속기를 이용하여 7.5 Gy와 12 Gy를 각 군별로 1회 전신조사하였다. 각 군별로 생쥐를 방사선조사 후 1, 3, 7일에 희생하여 공장을 적출하고 H&E 염색 및 PAS 염색을 시행한 후, 공장 조직 표본에서 소낭선의 수, 융모의 길이 및 조직학적 손상등급을 측정하고 조직학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 방사선조사없이 과립구 집락형성인자 만을 투여한 군(제 I 군 : $10\;{\mu}g/kg/$ 및 제 II 군: $100\;{\mu}g/kg/$) 에서는 정상 대조군에 비해 생쥐 공장 점막 변화에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 7.5 Gy 및 12 Gy 방사선 단독조사군에서는 정상 대조군에 비해 공장 점막의 소낭선 수의 감소와 높은 조직학적 손상등급을 관찰하였다(p<0.05). 12 Gy 방사선조사와 과립구 집락형성인자 병행처치군에서는 공장 점막의 손상이 7.5 Gy 방사선 단독조사군에 비해 1일 군에서는 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), 3일 군에서 유의하게 높은 소낭선 수 및 낮은 조직학적 손상등급을 관찰하였고, 7일 군에서 낮은 조직학적 손상등급을 관찰하였다(p<0.05). 12 Gy 방사선조사와 과립구 집락형성인자 병행처치군에서의 공장 점막 손상은 12 Gy 방사선 단독조사군에 비해 소낭선의 수와 융모의 길이, 조직학적 손상등급의 차이가 유의하지 않았으며(p>0.05), 두 마리를 제외한 대부분의 생쥐가 방사선조사 후 5일 이내에 모두 사망하였다. 결론 : 한계 선량 이내의 전신 방사선조사시 과립구 집락형성인자는 생쥐의 공장 점막에 대한 방사선보호작용이 있는 것으로 사료된다.