• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 2002

A novel process for urokinase purification was studied using p-aminobenzamidine as the ligand and sepharose 4B as the matrix. The adsorption, washing, and elution conditions were optimized by an unusual method. An adsorption buffer containing 2.5 M NaCl and $1\%$ Tween 80 facilitated the adsorption of urokinase on the affinity media and prevented contaminants from binding to the p-aminobenzamidine affinity gel. It was found that $5\%$ Tween 80 removed most of the contaminants from the affinity column. A 0.2 M glycine elution buffer containing 0.5 M NaCl (pH 3.0) was found to have a strong elution ability with a high recovery and purity of urokinase. A crude urokinase material of231 IU/mg protein from human urine was purified to 124,300 IU/mg protein with a purification factor of 538 and yield of $86.7\%$. As a result, a high purity urokinase was obtained with only a single affinity chromatography step. The purification process was successfully scaled-up to a 2-1 chromatography column. The resulting urokinase eluate could be directly lyophilized, thereby complying with Chinese pharmacopoeia (1995 version) standards.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2014

In this study, seven oligonucleotides primers were shown to generate the shared loci, specific loci, unique shared loci to each species and shared loci by the three species which could be obviously calculated. Euclidean genetic distances within- and between-species were also calculated by complete linkage method with the sustenance of the hierarchical dendrogram program Systat version 13. The genomic DNA isolated from herring (Clupea pallasii), Korean anchovy (Coilia nasus) and large-eyed herring (Harengula zunashi), respectively, in the Yellow Sea, were amplified several times by PCR reaction. The hierarchical dendrogram shows three chief branches: cluster 1 (PALLASII 01, 02, 03, 04, 06 and 07), cluster 2 (NASUS 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14), and cluster 3 (ZUNASHI 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and PALLASII 05). In three clupeid species, the shortest genetic distance displaying significant molecular difference was between individual PALLASII no. 03 and PALLASII no. 02 (0.018). Individual no. 06 of PALLASII was most distantly related to NASUS no. 11 (genetic distance = 0.318). Individuals from herring (C. pallasii) species (0.920) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from Korean anchovy (C. nasus) species (0.872) (P<0.05). As a result, this PCR analysis generated on the genetic data displayed that the herring (C. pallasii) species was widely separated from Korean anchovy (C. nasus) species. Reversely, individuals of Korean anchovy (C. nasus) species were a little closely related to those of large-eyed herring (H. zunashi) species.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.289-301
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to examine the ego-identity of nursing students and their adjustment to home and university in an effort to identify the correlation of their ego-identity to their adjustability and lay the foundation for providing better personality education to them. Method: The subjects in this study were 400 nursing students at H and S universities in south Chungcheong province. The instruments used in this study were Park A-cheong(2003)'s Korean-version Ego-Identity Inventory and Jeong Jonggweon(1998)'s Home and School Adjustment Inventory. For data analysis, SPSS/PC+ Package was used, and statistical data on frequency and percentage were obtained. Besides, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were employed. Result: The findings of the study were as follows: The nursing students investigated got a 3.46 and 3.53 in ego-identity and family life adjustment respectively out of possible five points, which were both above the average. Their score in school adjustment was 2.89, which wasn't high. As for connections between general characteristics and ego-identity, their academic school year, their type of residence, presence or absence of parents and their birth order made no statistically significant differences to their ego-identity. But as to motivation of choosing nursing, the students who chose their major at their own option were the best in that regard. Their adjustment to family life made no significant differences, and regarding school adjustment, ego-identity was better among those who lived in a lodging house or dormitory(F=4.01, p<.05) and who chose their major at their own option(F=4.88, p<.01). In addition, those with better ego-identity were better adjusted to home and school. Conclusion: As the above-mentioned findings suggested that nursing educators should teach students by mapping out specific plans to enhance the ego-identity of students and facilitate their school adjustment, and full-fledged nurses should be produced by teaching students to build the right work ethics and become qualified as a professional.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.356-362
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• 2005

In this paper, in order to develop a simple and high efficient ballast without an external ignitor, a half-bridge type ballast with a coupled inductor and a frequency controlled synchronous rectifier is proposed. The Internal LC resonance of the buck converter is used to generate a high voltage pulse for the ignition, and the coupled inductor filter is used for steady state ripple cancellation. Also, a synchronous buck converter is applied for the DC/DC converter stage. In order to improve the efficiency of the ballast, a frequency control method is proposed. This scheme reduces a circulation current and trun off loss of the MOSFET switch on the constant power operation, which results in increase of the efficiency of the ballast system about 4$\%$, compared to a fixed frequency control. It consists a 2-stage version ballast with a PFC circuit. The results are verified nth hardware experiments.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.511-516
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• 2021

Background: Difficulties in walking and balance are risk factors for falling. This study aimed to predict dynamic balance based on demographic information and anthropometric dimensions in construction workers. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 114 construction workers in 2020. First, the construction workers were asked to complete the demographic questionnaire determined in order to be included in the study. Then anthropometric dimensions were measured. The dynamic balance of participants was also assessed using the Y Balance test kit. Dynamic balance prediction was performed based on demographic information and anthropometric dimensions using multiple linear regression with SPSS software version 25. Results: The highest average normalized reach distances of YBT were in the anterior direction and were 92.23 ± 12.43% and 92.28 ± 9.26% for right and left foot, respectively. Both maximal and average normalized composite reach in the YBT in each leg were negatively correlated with leg length and navicular drop and positively correlated with the ratio of sitting height to leg length. In addition, multiple linear regressions showed that age, navicular drop, leg length, and foot surface could predict 23% of the variance in YBT average normalized composite reach of the right leg, and age, navicular drop, and leg length could predict 21% of that in the left leg among construction workers. Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of the variability in the normalized composite reach of dynamic balance reach among construction workers using method YBT can be predicted by variables age, navicular drop, leg length, and foot surface.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2021

Background: Neck pain is a major public health problem among sewing machine operators working in textile factories. Even though the textile industries are growing in number in Ethiopia, but there is a dearth of published studies on the prevalence of neck pain. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of neck pain among sewing machine operators of garment factories in Mekelle city. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was implemented among 297 sewing machine operators' working in garment factories in Mekelle city. A systematic random sampling technique was used. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. Finally, variables with 95% confidence interval (CI): p < 0.05 in the multivariate analysis were significantly declared. Results: Two hundred ninety-seven sewing machine operators were enrolled, with 98.7% response rates. In this study, the 12-month prevalence rate of neck pain was found to be 42.3% (95% CI: 36.6%-47.9%), and variables like such as break time [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 5.888, 95% CI: (2.775-12.493)], working hours per day [AOR: 6.495, 95% CI: (2.216-19.038)], static posture [AOR: 4.487, 95% CI (1.640-12.275)], and repetitive activity [AOR: 4.519, 95% CI:(2.057-9.924)] were associated with neck pain. Conclusion: In this study, neck pain is a major public health problem. Continuous work without break time, working greater than 8 hours per day, sitting in the same position for greater than 2 hours, and high repetitive activities were found significantly associated with neck pain. Owners and governmental bodies need to focus on developing preventive strategies and safety guidelines.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.41.1-41.11
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• 2020

Background: Orthognathic surgery such as bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) for the treatment of mandibular deformities is one of the most common procedures in maxillofacial operations that may lead to neurosensory disturbance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on augmenting recovery of neurosensory disturbance of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in patients who underwent BSSRO surgery. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted by two independent authors in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar electronic databases. Besides, a manual search of all textbooks and relevant articles were conducted. Searches took place in August 2020 and were limited to published and peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2020. All analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) and the STATA MP (version:16) software. The weighted mean difference (WMD) using the inverse variance method and the standard mean difference (SMD) was considered for continuous variables. Results: Seventy-four papers were retrieved after removing duplicate studies and finally, eight studies were assessed for qualitative synthesis and five for meta-analysis. Totally, 94 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, it was shown that LLLT was not effective in a short interval (0 to 48 h) after surgery, but in a period of more than 1 month after surgery, the positive results of treatment can be observed strikingly. Also, LLLT side/group showed no significant difference in some aspects of neurosensory recovery such as thermal sensation compared to the placebo side/group. Conclusions: The meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials revealed that LLLT generally improves IAN sensory disturbance caused by BSSRO. Further high-quality clinical trials with longer follow-up periods and larger sample sizes are recommended.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1030-1039
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• 1997

Background : Impulse Oscillometry is a noninvasive and effort-independent test used to characterize the mechanical impedance of the respiratory system. The clinical potential of the IOS is rapid and demands only passive cooperation which makes it especially appealing for children, for epidemiologic surveys and for conditions in which quiet breathig instead of forced expiratory maneuvers are preferred. However, several studies have shown conflicting results that the role of IOS about detection of smoking induced small airway diseases or early airway obstruction Methods : Study was to evaluate the clinical ability of the IOS to detect about smoking induced early airway obstruction in persons with normal spirometry test. Respiratory asymptomatic study groups were formed that one is non-smoking group, another is smoking group. Results : The parameters of spirometry were not significantly differences between non-smoking group and smoking group. Among the parameters of IOS, total resistance(non-smoking group : smoking group=$2.22{\pm}1.20$ : $2.58{\pm}1.71$), peripheral resistance($1.25{\pm}0.62$ : $1.47{\pm}0.10$), bronchial compliance($0.44{\pm}0.12$ : $0.47{\pm}0.16$) were not statistically significant different (p<0.05), but central resistance and lung compliance were not statistically significant different (unit ; resistance=hPa/l/s, compliance=l/hPa). Resistance(Rrs) was not statistically significant different with changes of frequences(5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35Hz), but Reactance(Xrs) was statistically significant different with low frequences that X5(non-smoking group : smoking group=$-0.62{\pm}0.28$ : $-0.76{\pm}0.48$, p<0.001) and X10($-0.06{\pm}0.19$ : $-0.15{\pm}0.33$, p<0.013) (unit; hPall/s, $hPa{\cong}cmH_2O$). Conclusion : Impulse oocillometer(IOS) is clinically available method to detect about smoking induced early airway obstruction. And clinically potential parameters of IOS were considers that total resistance, peripheral resistance, bronchial resistance, and reactance of low frequency at 5Hz, 10Hz.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the expression rate of p53 and p21 proteins by immunohistochemical staining and tumor prognostic factors including the tumor size, histological differentiation and Dukes' stage of tumor prognostic factors in colon cancer, and to acquire necessary data for the presumption of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colon cancer patients. From January 2000 to January 2003 at Hanyang University Guri Hospital, the paraffin blocks of 35 patients diagnosed with colon cancer whose pathologic reports were possible to review were selected. Harris hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical staining by ABC (Avidin Biotin Conjugate) method were performed. The histological differentiation grade and stage were classified according to the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) and modified Dukes's stage from H&E staining. The expression rate of p53 and p21 proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The results was analyzed statistically by SPSS (Windows version 8.0). As a result, the expression rate of p53 protein was 11.4% (4 cases) in clear differentiation, 48.6% (17 cases) in moderate differentiation, and 17.1% (6 cases) in poor differentiation. In other words, the poorer the differentiation, the higher the expression rate of p53 protein (p<0.05). The expression rate of p21 was 17.1% (6 cases) in clear differentiation, 40.0%(14 cases) in moderate differentiation, and 8.6% (3 cases) in poor differentiation, According to the progression of histological malignant degeneration, the expression rate of p21 protein decreased distinctively (p<0.05). However, the correlation between the two above mentioned proteins and the tumor-size and Dukes' stage was not of statistical significance. In the comparison of the expression rate of p53 protein with that of p21 protein, in 10 cases, p53 protein expression was positive while p21 protein expression was negative, and in 6 cases, p53 protein expression was negative whereas p21 protein expression was positive. Consequently a statistically significant inverse correlation between the expression rate of p53 protein and that of p21 protein was observed (p<0.05). In conclusion, we found a significant correlation between histological differentiation and the expression rate of p53 and p21 proteins (p<0.05), and a significant inverse correlation between the expression rate of p53 protein and that of p21 protein (p<0.05). Also, it could be confirmed that the over expression of p53 and p21 proteins is closely associated with the occurrence of colon cancer and its progress. Therefore, it is thought that this study may be greatly beneficial to the presumption of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colon cancer patients.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.395-404
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• 2015

The aims of this study were to determine the optimal mixing condition for two different amounts of Gynura procumbens powder and olive oil for the preparation of beef sausage. The experiments were designed according to the central composite design of response surface methodology, which showed 10 experimental points including two replicates of Gynura procumbens powder and olive oil. The physicochemical and mechanical characteristics as well as the sensory properties were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical optimization models. The results of the physiochemical and mechanical analysis of each sample, including chewiness, cohesiveness, color a, color b, moisture content, salinity and heating loss showed significant differences. The sensory measurements were significantly different in color, flavor, tenderness, texture and overall quality. The optimum formulation, which was calculated using the numerical and graphical method, was determined to be 2.1 g Gynura procumbens powder and 7.06 g of olive oil.