• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1447-1451
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, nutrient utilization, small intestine protease activity and immunity index of weaner to 2 month-old New Zealand rabbits. Eighty weaner rabbits were allocated in individual cages to five treatments in which they were fed diets with CP at 14%, 16%, 18%, 20% and 22%, respectively. The growth performance and nutrient digestibility of rabbits increased firstly when dietary CP increased, then decreased. The average daily gain was the highest and feed conversion rate was the lowest when dietary CP reached 20%, namely 34.9 g/d and 2.74:1, respectively. Maximum CP digestibility was 72.1% in the 18% CP group, maximum crude fiber digestibility of 28.4% occurred in the 16% CP group and was significantly different from other treatments (p<0.01), apparent digestibility of Lys and Val followed the same trend as CP digestibility, and reached their maximum when dietary CP was 18%. Apparent digestibility of Cys, Tyr, Leu and Thr also had a similar trend to CP digestibility. Nitrogen retention (RN) increased with CP level (p>0.05), and was highest for 20% CP treatment (1.5 g/d). The effect of CP level on the rate of digestible nitrogen (DN) converted RN was small. The spleen index, thymus index, chymotrypsin and trypsin activities in small intestine were highest when dietary CP was 16%, which were 1.0, 2.8, 15.7 U/g and 125.7 U/g, respectively. There was no significant difference among treatments (p>0.05). According to the above results, the appropriate dietary CP level from weaner to 2 month-old meat rabbits was 18-20%.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2019

The $11{\alpha}$-hydroxylation of $16{\alpha}$, 17-epoxyprogesterone (EP) catalyzed by Rhizopus nigricans is crucial for the steroid industry. However, lower conversion rate of the biohydroxylation restricts its potential industrial application. The $11{\alpha}$-steroid hydroxylase CYP509C12 from R. oryzae were reported to play a crucial role in the $11{\alpha}$-hydroxylation in recombinant fission yeast. In the present study, the CYP509C12 of R. oryzae (RoCYP) was introduced into R. nigricans using the liposome-mediated mycelial transformation. Heterologous expression of RoCYP resulted in increased fungal growth and improved intracellular reactive oxygen species content in R. nigricans. The $H_2O_2$ levels in RoCYP transformants were approximately 2-folder that of the R. nigricans wild type (RnWT) strain, with the superoxide dismutase activities increased approximately 45% and catalase activities decreased approximately 68%. Furthermore, the $11{\alpha}$-hydroxylation rates of EP in RoCYP transformants (C4, C6 and C9) were 39.7%, 38.3% and 38.7%, which were 12.1%, 8.2% and 9.4% higher than the rate of the RnWT strain, respectively. This paper investigated the effect of heterologous expression of RoCYP in R. nigricans, providing an effective genetic method to construct the engineered strains for steroid industry.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1999

This study is about the Characteristics of the Medievalism expressed in the German Architectural Expressionism. The concept of Medievalism is an attitude to revive the social and physical settings on Middle Ages. The social situation and architectural style in the Middle Ages were similar to the German Expressionism in the early 20th-century. The Medieval Characteristics of the German Architectural Expressionism were expressed in two ways -first, organic or sculptural style and second, fantastic or Crystal style. The architects such as Hermann Finsterlin, Henry van de Velde, Erich Mendelsohn, Rudolf Steiner, Hugo H ring, Hans Poelzig belonged to the first tendency, and such as Paul Scheerbart, Bruno Taut, Otto Bartning, Dominikus B hm belonged to the second tendency. The Medieval concept of the German architectural Expressionism was succeeded to Modern Architecture in 1950-1960s'. The architects in 1950-1960's such as Hans Scharoun, Gottfried B hm, Alvar Aalto, J rn Utzon intended to express organic and fantastic mass which was closely connected with the Medival concept of the German architectural Expressionism.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.486-489
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• 2002

Temperature(T) dependence of the sheet resistance( $R_{$\square$}$) has been investigated on the c-axis oriented thin films of the (Bi2212/Bi2201) mixed crystal with different molar fractions. The $R_{$\square$}$-T superconducting characteristic deteriorated with reduction of the Bi2212 fraction, and almost disappears at 48 mol% where a superconductor-to-insulator transition took place, with the resistance on the normal state, RN, reaching 4.l㏀ at 80 K. This $R_{N}$ value is close to the universal quantum number, h/(2e)$^2$≡6.5㏀ predicted by the Kosterlitz-Thouless(KT) transition theory. The $R_{$\square$}$-T characteristics of the 48 mol% thin film can be elucidated as a competitive process of KT transition brought about by charge or vortex in the two-dimensional layer structure.e.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2008

The porcine PRKAG3 (RN) gene encodes the regulatory gamma subunit of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a good candidate gene affecting meat quality. In this study, the effects of two missense mutations A595G (Ile199Val) and G154A (Gly52Ser) in porcine PRKAG3 gene on meat quality traits were studied in M. Longissimus dorsi (LD), M. Semispinalis capitis (SC) and M. Biceps femoris (BF) from different populations of 326 pigs. The PRKAG3 alleles 199I, 199IV, 52S and 52G were identified with PCR-RFLPs and all genotypes - 199I/199I, 199I/199V, 199V/199V, 52S/52S, 52S/52G and 52G/52G - were found. The frequency of V allele was larger than that of I allele in all populations. I allele frequency was zero in Chinese Meishan pigs (population D) especially. G allele frequency was larger than that of S allele in all populations except Large White (population A). Both variations at the PRKAG3 locus significantly affected these meat quality traits. The pork meat quality has not previously been established in Meishan or crosses thereof. The results suggested that generally pH of LD, SC and BF was higher in Meishan pigs than that in other populations. Moreover, Meishan pigs showed higher water-holding capacity and intramuscular fat (IMF), lower water content and water loss percentage compared to other populations in terms of the two variations. The results present here supply new evidence that alleles V199I and G52S at the PRKAG3 locus affect pork meat quality and provide useful information on pork production.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.10-17
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• 1989

옥외 라돈이 호흡기관에 주는 선량을 측정 평가할 목적으로 CR-39 비적검출기를 내장한 라돈컵을 사용하여 대기중 라돈농도를 측정하였다. 직접헝 검출기 및 개방 컵과 필터 컵의 구조를 갖는 CR-39 비적검출기에 대한 라돈검출인자는 공기중의 농도가 잘 알려진 표준라돈 조사시설에서 이들 검출기와 라돈컵을 일정기간 조사하여 결정하였다. CR-39를 $70^{\circ}C$, 30% NaOH 용액으로 220분간 화학부식하였을 때 직접형 검출기와 개방 컵, 필터 컵에 대한 라돈검출인자는 각각 0.273, 0.0813, 0.0371 tr $mm^{-2}/(37\;Bqm^{-3}{\cdot}d)$였다. 또한 1988년 5월에서 1989년 3월까지 대전(충남대학교)에서 측정한 대기중의 라돈농도는 개방 컵에 의한 결과는 27.4 - 135.8 $Bq/m^3$ (0.74 - 3.67 pCi/l)로서 연평균 73.3Bq/$m^3$ (1.98pCi/l)이었으며, 필터 컵에 의한 결과는 16.7 - 143.9 Bq/$m^3$ (0.45 - 3.89pCi/l)로 연평균 68.5 Bq/$m^3$ (1.85 pCi/l)이었다. 측정한 옥외 대기중의 라돈농도와 부위별 폐선량모형으로 부터 산출한 ICRP 표준인의 호흡기관에 대한 실효 선량당량률은 약 520 nSv/h로 평가되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.1925-1931
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• 2024

The study conducted in the northwest region of Jordan aimed to assess the levels of natural radioactivity in soil and olive mill pomace (OMP) samples. The researchers used Nal (TI) gamma-ray spectrometry to measure the activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, and ¹³⁷Cs in the samples. The average activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K, and ¹³⁷Cs in the soil samples were found to be 18.624 ± 5.82, 12.276 ± 5.728, 518.33 ± 212.57, and 0.140 ± 0.09 (Bq, kg^-1), respectively. In the OMP samples, the average activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K were 7.272 ± 4.386, 3.454 ± 1.503, and 169.997 ± 81.873 (Bq kg^-1), respectively, and no ¹³⁷Cs was detected. The study also investigated fundamental parameters associated with radon, specifically the radon emanation coefficient (Rn_EC) and radon mass exhalation rate (E_x). The Rn_EC values ranged from 0.621 to 0.78 (Bq kg^-1), with an average value of 0.71 ± 0.06 (Bq kg^-1). The estimated E_x from the soil samples ranged from 65.83 to 124.86 (mBq kg^-1h^-1), with an average value of 99.74 ± 21.73 (mBq kg^-1h^-1). Regarding radiological hazards, the study examined various parameters, including radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indices, gamma and alpha indices, absorbed gamma dose rate, and excess lifetime cancer risk. All of these assessed values were found to be below the worldwide recommended limits for radiological safety. Additionally, the study analyzed the concentrations of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivities in soil and OMP samples. The soil samples had an average gross alpha activity of 4.642 ± 1.04 (Bq kg^-1) and an average gross beta activity of 48.13 ± 14.50 (Bq kg^-1). The OMP samples showed an average gross alpha activity of 0.32 ± 0.27 (Bq kg^-1) and an average gross beta activity of 59.19 ± 12.94 (Bq kg^-1). Overall, the obtained results are crucial for evaluating the radiological risks associated with natural radioactivity in the northwest region of Jordan. The findings establish baseline data for comparison and reference for radioactivity levels in the environment.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.76-81
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• 1991

2l 발효조에서 pH6.9, 온도 $32^{\circ}C$일 때 당밀배지를 이용하여 Corynebacterium glutamicum의 영양요구성 유사체 내성변이주에 의한 라이신 발효시 산화환원 전위 (ORP)가 라이신 발효속도의 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 희석률이 0.1$h ^1$일때 탄소원이 제한되건 로이신이 제한되건 산소가 제한되지 않는 한 최대의 대당수율 24를 보였으며, 이 때의 산화환원 전윈 값은 -60mV와 -100mV 범위에 해당하였다. 산화화원 전위 값이 -130mV의 매우 낮은 용존산소 조건하에서는 대당수율 밀 $q_s, q_p$ 등의 발효 반응속도 상수값들이 크게 감소하였으며 glvcine, alanine, valine을 포함하는 발효 부산물의 축적량이 매우 높아졌다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.874-880
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• 2003

AIN-BN계 머시너블 세라믹의 미세조직, 기계적 성질 및 기계 가공성에 미치는 h-BN 첨가의 영향을 조사하였다. 소결체의 상대밀도는 h-BN 첨가량의 증가와 더불어 감소하였다. 또한, 4점 굽힘 강도도 AIN 단미의 238 MPa에서 30 vo1% BN 첨가에 의해 182 MPa까지 감소하였다. 낮은 탄성계수와 AIN 매트릭스와 h-BN 입자와의 열팽창계수의 차이에 의해 발생한 잔류인장응력에 의해 AIN-BN 복합재료의 강도가 감소되었다고 생각된다. 판상형태의 h-BN 입자에 의해 균열편향과 pull-out은 증가하였으나, 파괴인성은 BN 첨가량과 더불어 감소하였다. AIN 분말표면에 존재하는 알루미나와 소결조제인 $Y_2$O$_3$와의 반응에 의해 2차상인 YAG상과 ${\gamma}$-Al$_2$O$_3$상이 생성되었다. AIN에 10～30 vo1%의 BN을 첨가한 복합재료에 대하여 수행한 절삭시험에서 절삭력과 배분력은 h-BN 첨가량에 따라 감소하였으며, 우수한 기계 가공성을 입증하였다. 또한, 모든 시편에서 짧은 시간 내에 0.5 $\mu$m (Ra) 이하의 비교적 양호한 표면 거칠기에 도달할 수 있었다.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.24-44
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• 2003

The purposes of this study was to identify and propose the expected role of the oncology nurse specialist by embodying role theory to oncology nurse specialist. The subjects of this study were 149 persons in 14 hospitals, who were classified to 4 groups, oncology nurse specialists(ONS) group, head nurses and charge nurses(HN & CN) group in hemato-oncology ward, registered nurses(RN) group in hemato-oncology ward, and hematologists & oncologists(H&O) group. The questionnaire which was consisted of 89 items for role of oncology nurse specialist, was made by researcher with a field study and literature review about role of oncology nurse specialist and verified by matrix delphi technique about content validity and construct validity. The data were collected from October 22, 2002 to November 5, 2002. All 4 groups proposed that ONS should perform an expert practitioner role first of all. But ONS group, RN group and H&O group proposed orderly expert practitioner, educator, researcher, consultant, and administrator & change agent, but HN & CN group did expert practitioner, educator, consultant, researcher, administrator & change agent. Expert practitioner had the most highest necessary degree in all groups and most highest performance degree in ONS group. That was consistent with results that all groups proposed role of expert practitioner at first. 4 items out of 20 items showed the meaningful differences between groups. For role of educator, oncology nurse specialist group proposed necessary degrees over 4.0 point out of 5.0 in all items. 4 items out of 18 items showed the meaningful differences between groups. For role of researcher, 3 nurses groups proposed a high necessary degree, but performance of ONS group was most lowest among 5 roles. 6 items out of 14 items showed the meaningful differences between groups. The role of consultant had high necessary degree in some items related to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2 items out of 17 items showed the meaningful differences between groups. In nursing behaviors of administrator & change agent, those items about enacting principle, cost development and participation of professional academy had a high necessary degree. 4 items out of 18 items showed the meaningful differences between groups. Oncology nurse specialists group performed 5 roles orderly, expert practitioner, consultant, educator, administrator & change agent, researcher. This result was different from expected role of themselves as well as the other groups. There was a different necessary degree between role and embodied nursing behaviors of role. ONS group and RN group proposed orderly educator, researcher, administrator & change agent, expert practitioner, consultant, but the other groups did educator, expert practitioner, researcher, consultant, administrator & change agent. The expected standards of oncology nurse specialist in this study were usually master's degree, total career of 5-7 years, oncology career of 3-5 years and certification. But for the post, qualification and qualification institution, various opinions were suggested. In the conclusion, there was a different necessary degree between role and embodied nursing behaviors of role. All groups proposed expert practitioner at first in abstract role, but educator at first in embodied nursing behaviors of role. So we have to consider this difference carefully in the future research. ONS acted the role of expert practitioner first of all, but we should develope and expand the roles of researcher, and administrator & change agent. We should enact roles by role behaviors induced from mutual agreements in necessary degree and performance degree, and bargain the role behaviors that showed the meaningful differences between groups But, we should consider carefully which group's opinion we have to select. I suggested 36 items out of 89 items, in which ONS proposed necessary degree over 4.0 out of 5.0 and half of them performed as the nursing behaviors of oncology nurse specialist that did not induce role stress. For the future, We should role bargain the role with other groups based on these items.