• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.138.2-139
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• 2003

Grapevine leafroll-associated 1 virus (GLRaV-1) and Grapevine leafroll-associated 3 virus (GLRaV-3), member of the genus Ampelovirus, are important viral disease of grapevine in the world. these viruses transmitted only dicotyledonous host by vectors such as mealybugs and there is no suitable herbaceous host for virus. The diseased leaves turn yellowish or reddish depending on cultivars and viruses. Viruses are existed at low concentration and ununiformly distribution in grapevine. Using small-scale double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) extraction method, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) product of 1Kb long which encoded of coat protein (CP) gene for both viruses was successfully amplified with a specific primers. The RT-PCR product was cloned into the plasmid vector and its nucleotide sequences were determined from selected recombinant cDNA clones. Sequence analysis revealed that the CP of GLRaV-1 consisted of 969 nucleotide, which encoded 323 amino acid residues and CP of GLRaV-3 consisted of 942 nucleotide, which encoded 314 amino acid residues. The CP of GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 has 93.8％ and 98.7％ amino acid sequence identities, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.211-223
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was designed to develop and test the Hope Scale for Korean cancer patients. Methods: The process for the development of the Hope Test was a selection of initial items drawn from a literature review and in-depth interviews. The selected items were assessed for content validity by experts. The Hope Scale was comprised of five factors and 30 preliminary items. The preliminary Hope Scale for Korean Cancer Patients (HS_KCP) was administered to 259 cancer patients from one university hospital and one cancer hospital in Busan. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: Eighteen items were selected for the final scale. Five factors (inner sense of control, trust and expectation for recovery of disease, interconnection, spirituality, emotional despair) evolved from the factor analysis, which explained 63.3% of the total variance. The convergent & discriminent validity was r=.83 (p<.001), r=-73 (p<.001). The internal consistency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .88 and reliability of the subscales ranged from .54 to .85. Conclusion: The Hope Scale for Korean cancer patients demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. It can be used to assess the hope of cancer patients and is feasible within a clinical setting.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2021

Owing to the Corona virus (COVID-19) crisis, virtual education has been expanded. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine the direction of oral health education by examining participants' satisfaction with virtual education and educational media preferences. This study collected data from a Naver Form online survey targeting 290 university students across the country, from May 10 to 31, 2021. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 20.0. According to the data, satisfaction with virtual classes was 3.36 points in 5-point Likert scale, satisfaction factors were reduced commuting time and money expenditure, and the highest dissatisfaction factor was a decrease in lecture concentration. The media platform that most interested students pursing oral health education was YouTube. The oral health education that participants wished to receive through virtual education included how to prevent tooth decay, how to prevent gum disease, and how to brush teeth. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop various media like Zoom, YouTube, and virtual reality programs so that students feel motivated to utilize oral health education and improve oral health.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2021

Background: Workers' oral health problems result in work disruption, including absenteeism or early leave, which reduces work efficiency. This study was conducted to investigate the subjective oral health status and oral problems of workers,and to identify the factors disrupting workflow due to oral problems. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was administered to 300 industrial workers in a metropolitan area. A total of 284 individuals were finally analyzed, after excluding the data of 16 workers who had missing responses among the recovered questionnaires. Results: Subjective oral health status was average in 44.4%, healthy in 32.0%, and unhealthy in 16.9% of the study population. Subjective oral health problems were the highest in the order of food impaction(28.9%), cavity(26.8%), tooth sensitivity (22.9%), and calculus(21.1%). However, sudden and unexplained tooth pain (12.0%), gum swelling and tooth mobility (10.2%), and wisdom tooth pain (4.9%) were relatively low. The average monthly income (p<.05) and subjective oral health status (p<.01) were statistically significant factors interrupting workflow. Conclusion: To minimize workers' oral health problems and work disruption due to oral diseases, it is necessary to promote workers' oral health and oral disease prevention programs within the workplace.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.290-298
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• 2015

Starting in 2012, severe diebacks usually accompanied by abundant gum exudation have occurred on yuzu trees in Goheung-gun, Jeonnam Province, where severely affected trees were occasionally killed. On-farm surveys were conducted at 30 randomly-selected orchards located at Pungyang-myeon, Goheung-gun, and the resulting disease incidences were 18.5% and 39.6% for dieback and gumming symptoms, respectively. Black spots on branches and leaves also appeared on infected trees showing a typical dieback symptom. Morphological and molecular identifications of the isolated fungal organisms from lesions on the symptomatic leaves and branches revealed that they are identical to Phomopsis citri, known to cause gummosis. In order to find the reason for this sudden epidemic, we investigated the weather conditions that are exclusively distinct from previous years, hypothesizing that certain weather extremes might have caused the severe induction of pre-existing disease for yuzu. There were two extreme temperature drops beyond the yuzu's cold hardiness limit right after an abnormally-warm-temperature-rise during the winter of 2011-12, which could cause severe frost damage resulting in mechanical injuries and physiological weakness to the affected trees. Furthermore, there was an increased frequency of strong wind events, seven times in 2012 compared to only a few times in the previous years, that could also lead to extensive injuries on branches. In conclusion, we estimated that the possible damages by severe frost and frequent strong wind events during 2012 could cause the yuzu trees to be vulnerable to subsequent fungal infection by providing physical entries and increasing plant susceptibility to infections.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.155-162
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• 2017

This study was to investigate the related convergence factors of periodontal disease in adolescents from Korean multicultural families. Participants were 698 adolescents belong to multicultural family who in the using a web based survey 2015 NKYR. It was defined in this study as one having an immigrant mother. Descriptive analysis and a chi-square test were conducted to determine the factors. Finally to investigate the associations among oral disease symptom, Binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Bleeding gums was not significant higher in female 0.67(0.64-0.71), high school 0.84(0.80-0.88), poor economic status 0.86((0.82-0.90), and was higher in happiness 1.53(1.43-1.64), academic performance 1.08(1.03-1.13), toothbrushing( /day) 1.18(1.13-1.23). Taking into account of social and economic levels, in the multicultural families adolescents, further education and support will be needed for oral prevention.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.669-680
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between demographic factors and oral health factors and mental health factors in Korean adolescents. Methods: The study was based on the 11th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2015). The final participation rate in the survey was 96.7%. of a total of 70.362 adolescents (age, 12~18 years) who had participated in the survey, 68,043 adolescents were selected for analysis. Results:As a result of examining the stress awareness of adolescents and the experience of oral disease symptoms, it was found that the number of brushing times per day was less than 1 time (p<0.001), tingling and throbbing (p<0.001), gum pain & blood (p<0.001) and bad breath (p<0.001) were more stressed than those who had experience. On the other hand, the lack of experience in oral health education was more stressful (p<0.001). As a result of examining the factors influencing subjective happiness, it was found that the female, the lower the grade, the higher the academic performance and economic level, the less experience of oral disease in the last one year, The level of awareness was high. Conclusions: These results indicate that the demographic factors, mental health factors, and oral health factors of adolescents are correlated to one another. Therefore, when developing a program for promoting adolescent health or establishing a national business plan, it should be considered in a multi-faceted way.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2016

Periodontitis is disease of damaged gum tissue that is not removed the plaque onto teeth. In case that the symptoms of disease get pain worse, it will have to extract tooth because of tumefy or bleeding at gums so treatment of drug was required to periodontitis. In this study, the hydrogel was prepared by including superior viscous, excellent elastic, and biocompatibility of Poly(vinyl alcohol, PVA) and antimicrobial drug of Metronidazole (MD). The 15 wt% PVA was dissolved in deionized water and then prepared PVA solution was irradiated using gamma-ray at 25 kGy ($10kGy\;hr^{-1}$). In addition, PVA hydrogel was immersed in each 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 wt% MD solution using stirrer for 24 hr. The result of the gelation, 0.5 wt% MD loaded PVA hydrogel(76%) was lower than PVA hydrogel (88.2%). The swelling ration of 0.5 wt% MD loaded PVA hydrogel (294.8%) was higher than PVA hydrogel (105.2%). The compressive strength and thermal properties of MD loaded PVA hydrogel was gradually lower. The drug release test of 0.5 wt% MD loaded PVA hydrogel (61%) was higher than 0.1 wt% MD loaded PVA hydrogel (12%). Therefore, MD loaded PVA hygrogel may be a promising tool for periodontitis medicine by gamma-ray.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Background: Dental caries and periodontal disease are bacterial infectious disease, mainly caused by plaque, a bacterial colony deposited on the tooth surface and gum tissue. Dental plaque disclosants easily stain the dental plaque, making them effective for scaling and tooth brushing education. As the erythrosine typically contained in dental plaque disclosants is highly cytotoxic, a low toxicity additive is needed. In this study, we aimed to examine the natural pigments with negligible cytotoxicity but can effectively stain the dental plaques for use in dental plaque disclosants. Methods: The pigmentation of eight types of natural pigments was tested on bovine tongue and teeth, as well as on head and neck tissue sections of experimental ICR mice. The cytotoxicity of gingival epithelial cells was measured via MTT assay. Pigmentation was performed on the bovine tongue and tooth surface. Pigmentation in the oral environment was observed in four mandibular incisors. A 2 Tone was used as a control. Results: Of the eight types of natural pigments, purple and blue pigments were effective in coloring dental plaques on the enamel surface as well as in the head and neck tissue sections. Additionally, purple and blue pigments were visible on the surface of the bovine tongue. Red, pink, orange, green, purple, and yellow pigments showed strong cytotoxicity, whereas brown and blue pigments had relatively low cytotoxicity. Blue pigment was effective in staining the dental plaque of four mandibular incisors. Conclusion: We suggest that the blue pigment derived from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae), which is effective for coloring dental plaques and has low cytotoxicity, is useful as a naturally derived dental disclosant.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.291-306
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• 1995

Mandibular movement is composed of border movement and functional movement. Border movement such as maximal mouth opening, hinge opening ad lateral eccentric movement has good reproducibility, but functional movement such as chewing, swallowing and speech has also reproducibility. Especially for chewing movement, individual reproducibility has been confirmed by many studies. Study of chewing pattern is still in controversy. In new approach for raising the diagnostic value, numeric parameters and morphologic characteristics could be used for evaluation of chewing pattern. This study was performed to investigate the differences between chewing pattern in controls and in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Sixty-three patients with temporomandibular disorders participated in this study, and they were divided into unilaterally affected subjects or bilaterally affected subjects. Then unilaterally affected subjects were classified into closed lock group, disk displacement with reduction group, and degenerative joint disease group. For recording of chewing pattern, subjects were asked to chew one piece of presoftened chewing gum on both sides, and the chewing movement was recorded with the Electrognatho- Graphy(Bio-Research Associates Inc., U.S.A.). Tooth contact pattern for occlusal stability (Total left-right statistics )was also recorded with T-Scan(Tekscan Co., U.S.A.). The dta related to chewing pattern and total left-right statistics were statistically analyzed by SAS/stat program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In patient group, mean value of A-P distance and the ratio of A-P distance to vertical distance were larger than control group, but the value of lateral distance in affected side and the closing velocity in unaffected side were smaller than that of control group, respectively. 2. In case of unilateral affected patients, chewing pattern of other side had tendency to restricted movement and slow velocity in closed lock group or degenerative joint disease group than control group or disk displacement with reduction group. 3. In bilateral degenerative joint disease patients, contralateral side had tendency to large range of motion and slow chewing velocity than preferred chewing side. 4. The patients with restricted mouth opening below than 35mm had higher value of total left-right statistics than patient group mouth opening above 35mm. Also closed lock group had higher total left-right statistics than disk displacement with reduction group, degenerative joint disease group and control group. 5. There was some difference in morphologic characteristics of chewing pattern between in control group and in affected side of unilateral patient group, but no difference between control group and unaffected side of unilateral patient group. 6. There were positive correlations between vertical distance and A-P distance, between vertical distance and chewing velocity, between A-P distance and chewing velocity, and between opening velocity and closing velocity in unilateral affected patients.