• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.267-277
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the burden of caring for the care-givers of the elderly in Korea by using an integrated literature review method. A total of 23 studies were analyzed using a search database. When care-givers had higher sense of filial and guilt or more than two diseases, they showed high level of feeling of burden. Also, they had high level of feeling of physical burden by their oldness, service period (especially at the period of 1-3 years). In the feeling of economic burden, they had high level of feeling of burden by their oldness, or elderly's disease periods. The feeling of burden by psychological condition was found in elderly in aged and the beginning of admission of nursing home. The feeling of burden by environment situation was found when the functional status of the elderly was bad. Therefore, we need to concern care-givers's feeling of burden with elderly people in the nursing home. In the future, I believe that the findings of this study will be helpful for development of the intervention program for alleviate burden for the care-giver.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.668-677
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• 1996

This study is a phenomenological study done to promote understanding of the dying process in patients with terminal cancer who were in an independent hospice center. The purpose of study was to explore and understand indepth information on the dying process in order to provide data for holistic hospice care in nursing and to give insights in to practical applications in the nursing care In-depth interviewing was done from may, through November, 1995 with 11 patient with cancer who were being cared for at K Hospice Care Center. Experiences in the dying process were discussed as they expressed feelings about death including (a) feeling of isolation because family members try to hide the diagnosis of cancer. (b) hopelessness, (c) guilt, anger, and hostility, (d) suffering from pain, (e) fear of death. However, subjects did not deny death itself and were developing peace of mind and acceptance of death through religion.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.355-361
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• 2022

The goal of the study was to see how polymer banknotes affected users' purchasing intention. Variables affecting the properties of polymer banknotes were considered, including security, ease of use, convenience, and durability. To achieve the study's main goal, quantitative methods were used, and a questionnaire was created and posted online through Google Forms to collect primary data. The questionnaire was completed by 403 people, and the data was screened and analyzed using SPSS.The study found that using Polymer money influenced people's behavior, particularly in terms of purchase patterns, decisions, and impulsive behavior toward purchases. This was attributed to the security and simplicity of using Polymer money, which appealed to many people. Furthermore, the study found that people lost their feeling of spending, meaning that using polymer money didn't feel like spending to them, effectively eliminating the moral guilt associated with excessive spending and encouraging more impulsive buying decisions.Based on the findings, the study recommends that a study be conducted to compare the use of Polymer money with tiny and large banknotes to see what kind of difference there is.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.421-433
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• 2001

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the lived experience of mothers of children with muscular dystrophy. The participants were 11 mothers recruited by snowball sampling, who agreed with the objectives of the research and could verbally communicate with the researcher and who lived with their sons who had muscular dystrophy. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews with participants in their own homes. Each interview took 50 to 120 minutes. All of the interviews were audiotaped and then transcribed. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method of phenomenology. From the transcripts 109 significant sentences and phrases were selected and 13 clusters of themes were categorized from 67 significant statements. These results were integrated into the essential structure of the lived experience of mothers of children with muscular dystrophy. 1. Anxious and relying on chance due to indefinite diagnosis. 2. Only able to cry with shock because of son's fatal disease. 3. Seeing the future as dismal and feeling resentment that this disease in transmitted through the mother. 4. Feeling caught between a husband who is distancing himself from his family and the family which is disintegrating. 5. Feeling like a sinner for transmission of genetic disease(Feeling guilt for conceiving a son with a genetically transmitted fatal disease). 6. Empathizing with other suffers of muscular dystropy and their parents in their grief and helping to dissipate their heavy feelings. 7. Deciding to sacrifice self as a way of taking responsibility for giving birth to a handi-capped son. 8. Losing hope (feeling despair) as son's condition deteriorates in spite of all attempts to help him. 9. Wishing to die with son who becomes progressively immobile. 10. Accumulating Han*(한, 恨), because of rising Hwa(화, anger), and becoming sick both mentally and physically. 11. Seeing events as destiny and finding self-control through faith. 12. Finally, giving up sacrificing self for son and becoming concerned(involved) with other children in the family. 13. Feeling fear at son's impending death. This is the first research on the experience of Korean mothers of children with muscular dystrophy. In applying the phenomenology research method, this study not only helps health professionals understand the experience of these mothers in the Korean patriarchal social system, but the researcher, as a nurse, can share their agony and grief through identification of their inner world through in-depth personal interviews. The results obtained in this study will not only help in the development of family nursing practice for families with genetically transmitted diseases but also prepare basic data for family nursing practice in the Korean sociocultural context.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.561-571
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• 2021

As the game industry grows, the companies are promoting price discounts to increase game sales and profits. Consumers generally feel guilt when they are purchasing games. Previous studies argue that consumers feel less guilty and justify their consumption more easily when they are purchasing hedonic products at discounted price. In this study, we argue that there are different types of games; multi-game where consumers socialize each other and single games not supporting socializing. In the multi-game, consumers make social relationship which can provide substantial benefits. Since multi-games are promoting consumers' socializing expected to have those benefits. Although most of game consumptions bring a sense of guilty feeling, purchasing multi-game may not cause guilt much because the benefits of socializing justify the consumption. To support my hypothesis, we collect the data from global game platform Steam to analyze the relationship between price promotion and number of consumers. As a result, price promotion has significantly different relationship between multi-and single game. The results of this study suggest several managerial implications.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.419-425
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• 2024

As digital communication gains prominence, there is an increasing trend in uncivil behaviors like rude or hateful comments and the empathetic actions towards them, highlighting the need for social efforts to address these issues. As part of these endeavors, we investigated how avatar feedback in a virtual news portal affects users' empathy towards uncivil comments. We defined both posting and empathizing with uncivil comments as antisocial actions. To this end, we posted socially controversial news in a virtual space and provided feedback in two forms when participants selected uncivil comments: text-only feedback and feedback accompanied by an avatar. We then assessed the impact of this feedback on behavioral conformity, guilt, and self-image concern through surveys. Our results showed that avatar-provided feedback significantly influenced participants' social responses more than text-based feedback. Interaction with avatars notably increased participants' behavioral conformity, guilt, and self-image concern. We concluded that avatar-based interactions can positively influence users' social behaviors and attitudes, suggesting their potential in fostering a more civil and responsible digital communication culture.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.51
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• pp.29-61
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• 2002

This study was designed to find out the determinants of types of bullying behavior, and the effects of types of bullying behavior on the bullies. For this purpose, a hypothetical model which explains the relationships among 6 environmental factors, 5 types of bullying behavior, and 5 outcome variables for the bullies was developed. Using the data collected from 177 junior and high school students who have bullied the other students, the hypothetical model was tested. For data analysis, a path analysis was used, and the best-fitting model was found (df=78, GFI=0.953, CFI=1.00). As a result of analyzing the model, types of bullying behavior were found to be determined by the different environmental factors: Isolation was determined by 2 factors (feeling of isolation from friends, exposure to bullying), social bullying by 2 factors (lack of support from parents, exposure to bullying), verbal bullying by conflicts with parents, physical bullying by 3 factors (lack of support from parents, exposure to isolation and exposure to bullying), and instrumental bullying by lack of support from parents. On the other hand, the pleasure that the bullies feel after bullying behavior was increased by isolation, verbal bullying and physical bullying, while decreased by instrumental bullying. Guilt feeling was decreased by isolation and instrumental bullying, while increased by physical bullying. Isolation increased the tendency of blaming the victim. Isolation and instrumental bullying increased bullies' self-esteem, while social bullying decreased self-esteem. Verbal bullying increased the extent of bullying, while instrumental bullying decreased the extent of bullying. Based on the findings, the intervention strategies to change the bullies' attitudes toward victim, and to increase social support from the significant others as well as the effective ways to reorganize the school environment in order to reduce and prevent bullying behavior were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.379-390
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• 2000

Euthanasia have received considerable attention recentely in medical literature, public discussion, and proposed state legislation. Almost all the discussion in this area has focused on the role of physicians. However, nurse may be in special position to understand the wishes of patients and to act on this understanding. Purpose of this study is to identity the meaning of euthanasia in terminal ill patients on the nurses' veiw. Forcused interveiw design was used to data collection The data were analyzed by semantic analysis, and analysis of the data resulted in identification of 14 categories representing the meaning of euthanasia. 1. The meaning of supported euthanasia is 'free of suffering', 'difficulty of economic status', 'right of patient and family', 'dignity of death', 'organ transplant', 'social legislation'. 2. The meaning of opposited euthanasia is 'artificial death', 'value of life', 'uncertainity', 'guilt feeling' 3. The meaning of care in terminalily ill patients is 'avoidance', 'powerlessness'. 'apathy'. 'passive attitude'. The policy debate about professional roles in action that end of lives of patients must be extended nurses. Nurses must take an active role in discussion and definition of acceptable practice at the end of life.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.188-200
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the essential structure of the lived experience of working mothers' parenting burden in Korea. Methods: Eight working mothers with young children were interviewed. The Colaizzi analysis of phenomenological research was applied. Results: Seven theme clusters were extracted: a life with constant conflict, sense of guilt, feeling anxious because of lack of information about education for their children, social stigma as a deficient mother, family relationship becoming distant, a life being exhausted, day to day struggle. Conclusion: These results provide an opportunity to have a better understanding of the experiences of working mothers related to parenting their young children. It would also serve as a medium for the formulation of appropriate nursing intervention relevant to burdens of parenthood.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.92-98
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• 1989

Concept analysis is a formal linguistic exercise to determine certain defining attributes. The basic purpose of concept analysis is to clarify ambiguous concepts in a theory, and to propose a precise operational definition which reflects its theoretical base (Walker, 1983, 27~28). In later life, elderly people are faced with various psychological problems such as depression, and lowered self-esteem for these psychological problems of the elderly. Reminiscence has been studied as an effective therapeutic measure by gerontologists and psychologists. It is considered to have potential as an effective nursing intervention with geriatric clients. The purpose of this paper was to explore the feasibility of adopting reminiscence as a nursing intervention through analysis of the concept. The concept can be defined as follows : Reminiscence is thinking and talking about one's past with or without a specific purpose. It is a composite mental process which involves psychological, emotional, and social interactional aspects. The defining attributes of reminiscence are : 1. Thinking about past experiences which are meaningful to oneself. 2. It includes the emotional aspect of past experiences. 3. It occurs with or without specific purposes. 4. It is communicated to others by means of language and the subject has the feeling of being heard. In regard to the consequences of reminiscence, it is expected to contribute to psychological adaptation by providing a sense of self-fulfillment and self-achievement, promoting the discovery of the meaning of life, decreasing depression, and overcoming guilt feelings and conflict about one's past. However, if the past is regarded as a total failure, it may be harmful to the psychological well-being of the subject.