• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2017

The goal of the study is to understand how consumers' constraint as opposed to utility structure gives rise to final decision when consumers purchase more than one variant of product at a time, i.e., horizontal variety seeking or multiple-discreteness. Purchase and consumption decision not only produces utility but also involves some sort of cognitive pressure. Past consumption or last purchase is likely to be linked to this burden we face such as concern for obesity, risk of harm, and guilt for mischief. In this research, the existence and the role of dynamic constraint are investigated through a microeconomic utility model with multiple dynamic constraint. The model is applied to the salty snacks data collected from field study where burden for spiciness serves as a constraint. The results are compared to the conventional multiple discreteness choice models of static constraints, and policy implications on price discounts is explored. The major findings are that first, one would underestimate the level of consumer preference for product offerings when ignoring the carry-over of the concern from the past consumption, and second, the impact of price promotion on demand would be properly evaluated when the model allows for the role of constraint as both multiple and dynamic. The current study is different from the existing studies in two ways. First, it captures the effect of 'mental constraint' on demand in formal economic model. Second, unlike the state dependence well documented in the literature, the study proposes the notion of state dependence in different way, via constraint rather than utility.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.243-253
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• 2023

Purpose: This study conducted a concept analysis to clarify the meaning of anxiety in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases who have been placed in isolation. Methods: This study used Walker and Avant's process of concept analysis. Results: Anxiety in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases who have been placed in isolation can be defined by the following attributes: 1) fear, 2) guilt, 3) isolation, 4) discrimination, 5) frustration, 6) shame, and 7) uncertainty. The antecedents of anxiety were as follows: 1) a lack of information about infectious diseases, 2) restrictions of movement, 3) blockage of the social support system, 4) helplessness, and 5) negative biases. The consequences of anxiety were 1) internalized stigma, 2) loss of confidence, 3) lack of social activities and avoidance, 4) insomnia, 5) poor quality of life. Conclusion: The definition and attributes of anxiety identified in this study can be applied to enhance the understanding of anxiety in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases who have been placed in isolation. Systematic suppose should also be provided to reduce anxiety in these patients.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2024

The domestic artificially sweetened beverage market has grown rapidly in recent years, and sodas have led this growth. This study investigated consumer food purchasing behavior of artificially sweetened sodas in terms of the food health stereotypes of "vice" and "virtue"; used to denote unhealthy and healthy food purchases, respectively. The study was conducted using consumer panel data collected by the Rural Development Administration from 2017 to 2020. Given the semi-continuous nature of artificially sweetened soda purchases, Cragg's two-part model was used for the analysis. The probability of purchasing artificially sweetened sodas increased as expenditure on snacks (a vice food category) increased. However, of those panelists who purchased artificially sweetened sodas, expenditure on artificially sweetened sodas decreased with expenditure on snacks and increased with expenditure on fruits (a virtue food category). These results suggest that vicious-lifestyle consumers choose artificially sweetened sodas when they regulate eating habits, whereas virtuous-lifestyle consumers increase artificially sweetened soda expenditure for hedonic consumption to reduce guilt based on a sensible trade-off effect.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the experiential meaning of child-rearing for marriage immigrant women in Korea in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Using the hermeneutic descriptive phenomenology framework developed by Colaizzi, 10 marriage immigrant women rearing preschool and school-age children were invited through purposive and snowball sampling from two multicultural support centers in Korea. The participants were rearing one or two children, and their original nationalities were Vietnamese, Japanese, Cambodian, and Chinese. Individual in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted from September 1 to November 30, 2021. We extracted significant statements from the transcripts, transformed these into abstract formulations, and organized them into theme clusters and themes to authentically capture the essence of the participants' subjective experiences. Results: Four theme clusters with 14 themes were derived. The four theme clusters identified were "navigating child healthcare alone," "guilt for not providing a social experience," "worry about media-dependent parenting," and "feelings of incompleteness and exclusion." This study explored the perspectives of mothers raising children as marriage migrant women who experienced physical and emotional health crises due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The findings underscore that marriage immigrant women encountered heightened challenges in managing their children's health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic due to linguistic and cultural barriers limiting access to healthcare and information. Additionally, these women experienced considerable emotional stress from perceived inadequacies in providing a holistic social and developmental environment for their children under extensive social restrictions.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.514-523
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the subjective quality of life among college students from China. Methods: The research design was a descriptive survey design using convenience sampling. Data was collected by using a self-questionnaire completed by 304 Chinese students located in three cities, namely, Seoul, Gangneung, and Seosan. ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS Win 12.0 Program were used to analyze the data. Results: The average score on subjective quality of life was $3.59{\pm}0.43$. There were significant differences in the subjective quality of life according to length of stay, type of program, and health status. The subjective quality of life had significant negative correlation with acculturative stress and positive correlation with social support. The explained variance for the subjective quality of life was 51.5%. Variables on health status, guilt feelings, other acculturative stress, and social support significantly predicted the degree on subjective quality of life. Conclusion: Findings on this study provide a comprehensive understanding on the subjective quality of life and related factors for Chinese students in Korea. However, further studies with a larger random sample and more detailed research design is necessary.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.290-303
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• 1996

There is a need to define the concept of suffering more appropriate in the context of Korean culture. This research is an attempt to analyze and develop the concept of suffering by applying the Hybrid Model suggested by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim. The data were collected from March 20, 1995 to September 17,1995. The subjects of the study were eight persons including in-patients and out-patients of a general hospital who were diagnosed as having cancer and those resting in sanatoria for natural treatment of cancer. Qualitative research methods of in-depth interview and participant observation were used for data collection. The contents of the interviews were recorded on tape. Data-analysis progressed according to the 3 phases suggested by the Hybrid Model. For each case, in-depth interview data and participant observation data were included and the attributes of suffering revealed in these data were analyzed. Finally, by summarizing the results from each case, the attributes of suffering, its dimensions, definition, and processes observed in the field were suggested. According to the results of the study, the followlng new definition of suffering is suggested : Suffering is a fundamental and inevitable experience of all human beings. When each individual experiences loss, damage, and pain which threaten one's personal integrity, suffering is perceived differently among each individual depending on their personal inner factors, one's significant others, exterior circumstances and stimuli, and the ultimate meaning of life. Suffering brings severe and unendurable distress which accompany despair, powerlessness, anxiety, bitterness, fear, anguish, guilt, depression, withdrawal and anger. The results of this study suggest that the more responsibility and burden a cancer patient felt, the more suffering she/he experienced and it tended to be more relevant to one's significant others and exterior circumstances and stimuli : the less responsibility and burden a cancer patient had, the less suffering she/he experienced and it tended to be related to one's inner factors. These findings have implications for nursing profession. When caring for patients who experience suffering, nurses need to consider the influence of responsibility, burden, and each dimension of suffering. Moreover, appropriate nursing interventions aimed at relieving pain and satisfying the spiritual need of patients experiencing loss need to be developed and implemented more widely.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.397-408
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 심층면담을 통해 조현병환자의 입원스트레스 경험을 규명하고 입원스트레스를 중재 할 수 있는 기초 자료를 마련하고자 한다. 연구방법은 두 지역의 3개 정신과 병원 폐쇄 병동에 입원중인 조현병환자 15명을 대상으로 심층 면담을 시행하여 면담 내용을 질적 내용분석하였다. 연구 대상자는 15명으로 평균 나이는 40세였다. 현재 입원 기간은 평균 2년이었다. 연구기간은 2015년 10월 21일부터 11월 10일까지이다. 연구결과 입원스트레스 내용은 5개의 상위범주와 17개의 하위범주 및 58개의 의미 있는 내용이 도출되었다. 5개의 상위범주는 '가족에 대한 그리움과 죄책감', '미흡한 치료적 환경으로 인한 불편함', '환자의 권리를 존중받지 못함', '퇴원 후 삶에 대한 불안', '사회적인 편견과 자기낙인감'이었다. 본 연구 결과는 조현병환자의 입원스트레스를 중재 할 수 있는 기초자료를 마련한 것에 의의가 있다. 후속연구에서는 같은 환경에 입원중인 조울증, 알코올 중독 등 다른 정신질환을 가진 대상자의 입원스트레스를 파악하여 비교 분석해보는 연구를 제언한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.242-256
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was done to clarify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of spirituality. Methods: Rodgers's evolutionary concept analysis was used to analyze fifty seven studies from the literature related to spirituality as it appears in systematic literature reviews of theology, medicine, counseling & psychology, social welfare, and nursing. Results: Spirituality was found to consist of two dimensions and eight attributes: 1) vertical dimension: 'intimacy and connectedness with God' and 'holy life and belief', 2) horizontal dimension: 'self-transcendence', 'meaning and purpose in life', 'self-integration', and 'self-creativity' in relationship with self, 'connectedness' and 'trust' in relationship with others neighbors nature. Antecedents of spirituality were socio-demographic, religious, psychological, and health related characteristics. Consequences of spirituality were positive and negative. Being positive included 'life centered on God' in vertical dimension, and among horizontal dimension 'joy', 'hope', 'wellness', 'inner peace', and 'self-actualization' in relationship with self, 'doing in love' and 'extended life toward neighbors and the world' in relationship with others neighbors nature. Being negative was defined as having 'guilt', 'inner conflict', 'loneliness', and 'spiritual distress'. Facilitators of spirituality were stressful life events and experiences. Conclusion: Spirituality is a multidimensional concept. Unchangeable attributes of spirituality are 'connectedness with God', 'self-transcendence', 'meaning of life' and 'connectedness with others nature'. Unchangeable consequences of spirituality are 'joy' and 'hope'. The findings suggest that the dimensional framework of spirituality can be used to assess the current spiritual state of patients. Based on these results, the development of a Korean version of the scale measuring spirituality is recommended.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.449-461
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• 2016

정보보호에 대한 인식이 부족한 학생들의 경우 쉽게 자신의 정보를 타인에게 알려주거나, 죄의식 없이 남의 정보를 가져다 이용하는 일이 발생하고 있다. 사이버 범죄로부터 학생들을 보호하고 예방하기 위해서는 정보보호교육이 필요하지만, 국내 정보 교과과정에는 구체적인 정보보호 관련 내용이 별도로 없고 학교나 교사 재량으로 네티켓 교육을 실시하는 정도에 그치고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 초등학생들의 정보보호실천에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 찾는 것이다. 실증분석을 위하여 초등학생들이 이해하기 쉬운 정보보호 어휘로 구성된 설문지로 조사를 실시하였고, 수집된 자료는 PLS(Partial Least Square, PLS)를 이용하여 측정모형 및 구조모형 검정을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 정보윤리인식과 정보보호인식이 정보보호실천에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 초등학생의 정보보호실천에 필요한 구체적인 정보보호 교육내용을 선정하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.158-167
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• 1997

Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the emotional state and personality characteristics of alopecia aerata patient and to determine whether these characteristics are similar with those of neurotic patient. Methods : 20 alopecia aerata patients, 20 neurotic patients, and 20 normal healthy controls were studied. Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Korean standardized edition of Catell's 16 Personality factors Questionnaire(16PF) were used for assessment. Results: 1) Total score of BDI was higher in neurosis group than alopecia aerata group and normal control group(p<0.05). Inspire of statistical non-significance, total score of in alopecia aerata group was higher than normal control group. 2) Total scores of state anxiety and trait anxiety in alopecia aerata and neurosis group were significantly higher than normal control group(p<0.001). 3) In first-stratum source traits of 16PF, normal control group was significantly higher than alopecia aerata group and neurosis group in B-factor(intelligence) and C-factor(ego-strength)(p<0.05). Alopecia aerata group and neurosis group were significantly higher than normal control group in O-factor(guilt-proneness) and $Q_4-factor(tension,\;anxiety)$(p<0.001). 4) In second-stratum source traits of 16PF, alopecia aerata group and neurosis group were significantly higher than normal control group in ANX-factor(anxiety)(p<0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that emotional state and personality characterstics of patients with alopecia aerata are a distinguishable different to compare with normal control, and are very similar with those of neurotic patients. The authors propose that psychiatric management in patient with alopecia aerata will be more benificial.