• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1148-1156
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• 2011

Compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed different diets with different feeding regime was compared. Four hundred fifty fish (twenty five fish per tank) were randomly distributed into 18 of 180 L flow-through tanks. Six treatments were prepared: fish were hand-fed with the control (C) diet to satiation twice a day, six days a week, for 8 weeks (C-8W treatment); and other groups of fish were starved for 2 weeks and then fed with the C, high protein (HP), high carbohydrate (HC), high lipid (HL), and combined protein, carbohydrate and lipid (CPCL) diets to satiation twice a day, six days a week, for 6 weeks, referred to as C-6W, HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W, and CPCL-6W treatments, respectively. Final body weight of fish in HP-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in C-6W, but not different from that of fish in C-8W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments. Specific growth rate of fish in HP-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in all other treatments except for fish in CPCL-6W treatment. Feeding rate of fish in C-8W treatment was higher than that of fish in HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments, but not different from that of fish in C-6W treatment. In addition, feeding rate of fish in C-6W treatment was higher than that of fish in HP-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments. Feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish in HP-6W, HC-6W, HL-6W and CPCL-6W treatments were higher than those of fish in C-6W treatment. None of moisture, crude protein and ash content of the whole body of fish excluding the liver was different among treatments. Dietary supplementation of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and their combination could improve compensatory growth of fish when fish were fed for 6 weeks after 2-week feed deprivation; especially, supplementation of dietary protein was the most effective to improve compensatory growth of fish.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제70권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1985

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 균근균(菌根菌) 접종묘(接種苗)[모래밭버섯균(菌)(Pisolithus tinctorius), 사마귀버섯균(菌)(Thelephora terrestris)]와 무처리(無處理) 묘목(苗木)을 이용(利用)하여 인산수준(燐酸水準)과 수분(水分) 조건(條件)에 따른 묘목(苗木)의 생장(生長) 및 양료흡수(養料吸收)에 미치는 균근(菌根)의 효과(效果)를 측정(測定) 조사(調査)한 것으로 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 근원경(根元徑) 생장(生長)은 습구(濕區)에서가 건구(乾區)에서보다 2.7배 생장(生長)이 컸다. 2) 건구(乾區)에서는 모래밭버섯균(菌) 처리(處理) 묘목(苗木)의 물질생산(物質生産)은 평균 26% 증가하고, 무처리(無處理) 묘목(苗木)은 72% 증가하여 모래밭버섯균(菌) 처리(處理) 묘목(苗木)이 무처리(無處理) 묘목(苗木)보다 순물질생산량(純物質生産量)이 적었다. 3) 순물질생산량(純物質生産量)에 있어서 건구(乾區)에서보다 습구(濕區)에서 4배 증가했으나 인산(燐酸) 시비수준(施肥水準)은 순물질생산량(純物質生産量)에 영향이 없었다. 4) 모래밭버섯균(菌) 처리(處理)는 습구(濕區)에서 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸) 및 가리(加理)의 양과(養科) 흡수(吸收)의 효과(效果)가 뚜렷이 나타났는데 무처리(無處理) 묘목(苗木)에 비하여 각각 1.9배, 1.8배, 1.5배의 흡수(吸收)가 촉진(促進)되었다. 5) 모래밭버섯균(菌) 처리(處理) 묘목(苗木)은 인산(燐酸) 시비수준(施肥水準)이 증가함에 따라 인산(燐酸) 흡수량(吸收量)이 많았으나 무처리(無處理) 묘목(苗木)에서는 인산(燐酸) 시비수준(施肥水準)의 증가가 인산(燐酸) 흡수(吸收)에 영향(影響)을 미치지 않았다. 6) 모래밭버섯균(菌) 처리(處理) 묘목(苗木)은 인산(燐酸) 시비수준(施肥水準)이 증가함에 따라 가리(加理)의 양과(養科) 흡수(吸收)를 촉진(促進)시켰다.

• 복식
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• 제66권6호
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• pp.122-134
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• 2016

With the advent of the new political regime of Jong Un Kim, North Korea is undergoing many changes, with its main motivation being economic growth. This study aims to identify the changes in clothing in North Korea under the new political climate. The research conducted a review on literature and empirical study. For literature review, books and papers from studies related to North Korea have been reviewed. For the empirical part, interviews with diverse class of North Korean refugees including Hanawon, videos on TV, 1,100 pictures and related articles from newspapers and Internet have been collected. Through this analysis, the study found that subtle changes in North Korean fashion started prior to the Jong Un Kim's regime, but has become full-blown since Kim's assumption of power. This proves that the country is not yet independent from its political situation. The results are as follows: First, the appearance of Ri Sol-ju has liberalized the fashion concept of North Korean women, and the popularity of her trademark style has actually contributed to a more amicable image for Kim. Second, the "Hallyu" style has spread to North Korea through various channels, and has started new trends. Third, the diversification of fashion styles has been greatly accelerated in accordance with the expansion of market, resulting from the economic revitalization policy. Last of all, Jong Un Kim's direct orders concerning fashion have resulted in some significant changes. The sophisticated uniforms of flight attendants and the development of luxury cosmetics being prime examples. As studies on this subject are extremely rare, this research is significant to identify the changes on the clothing culture under Jong Un Kim's regime, and to present an expanded view, as the two countries work towards an united Korea.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.163-198
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• 2018

본 연구는 이명박 박근혜 정부 9년 동안 한국 복지체체의 변화를 '확장성의 제약'과 '역진적 성별성'의 강화라는 두 가지 성격을 중심으로 분석했다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 보수정부 9년 동안 복지가 확대된 것은 분명하지만, 이러한 확장이 미래의 복지지출을 축소시키는 '확장성의 제약'이 실현되는 과정이었다고 평가했다. 또한 자유주의 정부 10년에 이어 사회보험 중심의 공적 복지가 확대되면서 한국 복지체제의 역진적 선별성이 공사적 영역에서 강화되었다. 물론 사회보험을 확대한다는 것 자체가 한국복지체제의 역진적 선별성을 강화하는 것은 아니다. 하지만 수출주도형 성장체제가 만들어놓은 산업구조는 노동시장의 분절화를 심화시켰고, 이러한 조건에서 정규직 노동자를 기준으로 설계된 사회보험을 확대하는 것은 사회보장제도의 역진적 선별성을 강화할 수밖에 없었다. 보수정부 9년 동안 한국복지체제의 역진적 선별성이 강화된 것은 바로 이러한 이유에서였다. 결국 보수정부 시기 한국복지체제는 서로 다른 삶을 살아가는 세 집단으로 나누어졌고, 세 집단 간의 불평등은 더욱 심화되었다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1246-1252
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• 2002

Ultrafine grained (UFG) low carbon (0.15 wt.% C) steel produced by equal channel angula. pressing (ECAP) was tested for investigating the effect of load ratio on the fatigue crack growth rate. Fatigue crack growth resistance and threshold of UFG steel were lower than that of asreceived coarse grained steel. It was attributed to the less tortuous crack path. The UFG steel exhibited slightly higher crack growth rates and a lower △Kth with an increase of R ratio. The R ratio effect on crack growth rates and △Kth was basically indistinguishable at lower load ratio (R >0.3), compared to other alloys, which indicates that contribution of the crack closure vanishes. The crack growth rate curve for UFG steel exhibited a longer linear extension to the lower growth rate regime than that for the coarse grained as-received steel.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1119-1124
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• 2006

Height-growth analysis was used to examine forest structure and compare Pterocarya rhoifolia and Fraxinus spaethiana growth characteristics within and between each species in two P. rhoifolia-dominant and two F. spaethiana established contemporaneously in the sere, species vertical stratification 25 years after stand initiation was such that P. rhoifolia dominated the overstory but F. spaethiana the understory, including that P. rhoifolia grew about 4 times more rapidly Similarly, F. spaethiana dominated the overstory but not the understory, in a stand where it established mainly by itself, 25 years after Initiation. However, comparing the two different stands, P. rhoifolia overstory heights were about two times greater than F. spaethiana. This suggests that in a disturbance regime, forest regeneration is affected by height-growth patterns such that P. rhoifolia's ability to achieverapid height growth allows it to dominate where lights growth allows it to dominate where light resources are continuously abundant.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1997

Ring width chronologies of blue pine (pinus wallichiana) from two mesic sites, Kanasar(2, 400 m) and Gangotri(3, 000 m), in the western Himalayan region. India were developed to understand tree growth-climate relationship and its applicability in proxy climate studies. The resoponse function analyses of the two chronologies show that the site conditions play an important role in modulating the effect of climatic variables on tree growth. Winter temperature, prior to the growth year, has been found to play positive influence on blue pine growth at both sites. Summer temperature also has very similar response except for June and August. June temperature has negative influence at the lower in contrary to at the higher site. Low August temperature favors tree growth to precipitation has been found to vary which could be due to different precipitation regime at the two sites. Winter precipitation is important for tree growth at the higher, whereas summer at the lower sits. The present study suggests that the tree ring materials of blue pine from the temperate Himalayan regions could be used to develop chronologies for the reconstruction of seasonal climatic variables.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2009

Feeding regimens was investigated for the growth and survival rate of juvenile Maroon clownfish (Premnas biaculeatus) in order to establish a seed production technique for this fish. Three types of feeding regimens were used, and growth and survival were highest under the following regimen: rotifer from day 0, Artemia from day 4, copepod from day 9 and artificial food from day 15, respectively (P<0.05). The average body lengths of the larvae were $6.76{\pm}0.55\;mm$, $7.63{\pm}0.50\;mm$ and $7.33{\pm}0.43\;mm$ in the Nannochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana and control treatments conducted with 3 larvae/L, respectively (P<0.05). There were significant differences in larval growth between the treatments and controls conducted with 6 larvae/L and 9 larvae/L, respectively (P<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the N. oculata and I. galbana treatments (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in larval growth between the treatments at densities of 3-9 larvae/L (P>0.05). At highest density level, the larvae reared in I. galbana had the highest survival rate whereas survival was lowest in the control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2012

Compensatory growth of grower olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was determined at suboptimal temperature ($13.0{\pm}1.9^{\circ}C$). Fifteen fish averaging 201.1 g per tank were distributed into 18 of 300 L flow-through tanks. Six treatments were prepared in triplicate: fish were hand-fed with an extruded pellet to apparent satiation once a day for 16 weeks (16 WF); and the other five groups of fish were hand-fed for 15, 14, 13, 12 and 10 weeks after 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-week feed deprivation, referred to as 15 WF, 14 WF, 13 WF, 12 WF and 10 WF, respectively. A linear relationship between body weight of fish and feed deprivation was observed: Y (Body weight of fish) = -1.81X (Weeks of feed deprivation)+201.07, $R^2$ = 0.83. Weight gain of grower olive flounder in 15 WF, 14 WF, 13 WF and 12 WF treatments was comparable to that of fish in 16 WF treatment, but lower than that of fish in 10 WF treatment. Specific growth rate of fish in 15 WF treatment was higher than that of fish in 16 WF, 14 WF and 10 WF treatments. Feed consumption of fish was not affected by feeding regime. Feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish in 15 WF treatment were higher than those of fish in 13 WF, 12 WF and 10 WF treatments. Grower olive flounder could achieve full compensatory growth when fish were daily fed for 12 weeks after 4-week feed deprivation at suboptimal temperature.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.1257-1263
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• 2015

제 4 세대 원자로의 고온 구조재료로 사되는 Grade 91 강의 크리프 균열성장 거동에 대한 천이영역과 정상상태영역에서의 상관 관계를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 $600^{\circ}C$의 동일한 온도 및 동일한 하중조건에서 1/2" CT 시편을 사하여 크리프 균열성장 시험 데이터를 얻었다. 크리프 균열성장 속도식은 $C^*$-파괴매개변수를 사하여 천이영역과 정상상태영역에서의 평가 식을 각각 도출하였다. $C^*$와 da/dt 의 관계에서 천이영역의 크리프 균열성장 속도는 시험 데이터의 산포가 크지만 정상상태영역의 크리프 균열성장 속도와 비슷한 기울기로서 상관성이 있었으며 천이영역 균열성장속도는 정상상태 균열성장속도에 비해 약 5.6 배 낮았다. 본 결과를 이하면 짧은 시간의 천이영역 균열성장속도로부터 장시간의 시험으로 얻을 수 있는 정상상태 균열성장속도를 예측할 수 있다.