• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

This study examined the mediating effects of irrational beliefs on the relationships of middle school students' autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses(impulsive reaction, verbal aggression, physical confrontation and indirect expression). A sample of 346 first and second year students of middle school participated in the autonomy of psychological growth environment scale, the irrational beliefs scale and behavioral anger responses scale. Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed. The results showed that: ⑴ The relations among autonomy of psychological growth environment, irrational beliefs and behavioral anger responses were significant. The autonomy of psychological growth environment had negative correlations with irrational beliefs and behavioral anger responses. Irrational beliefs produced positive correlations with behavioral anger responses. There were positive correlations among the subtypes of behavioral anger responses. ⑵ There were mediating effects of irrational beliefs between autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses. The effects of autonomy of psychological growth environment on impulsive reaction, physical confrontation and indirect expression were fully mediated by irrational beliefs. However, the effect of autonomy of psychological growth environment on verbal aggression was partially mediated by irrational beliefs. This study demonstrated that irrational beliefs mediate the relationship between autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.128-135
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• 1997

Reaction diffusion and formation of $Ni_3Al$phase with $L1_2$ structure have been studied in temperature range of 1432K to 1573K using the diffusion couple of (Ni-40, 5at%Al)/(Ni-14, 1at%Al) and (Ni-49, 2at%Al)/ (Nickel). The layer growth of Ni$_{3}$Al pyhase in the annealed diffusion couple was measured by optical microscope and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The layer growth of $Ni_3Al$phase in diffusion zone obeyed the parabolic law without any indication of grain boundary effects. The layer growth of $Ni_3Al$phase in temperature range of 1423K to 1573K was mainly controlled by the volume diffusion mechanism. The rate of layer growth of $Ni_3Al$phase was found to be colsely related to the composition of intermetallic compound NiAl phase. The activation energy for layer growth of $Ni_3Al$phase was calculated to be 127kJ/mol.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.217-220
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• 2014

Graphite electrodes are used for secondary batteries, fuel cells, and super capacitors. Research is underway to increase the reaction area of graphite electrodes. In this study, we have investigated the growth properties of carbon nanowall (CNW) according to the ingredient of gas. Microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) system was used to grow CNW on Si substrate with a variety of the reaction gas. The planar and vertical growth conditions of the grown CNWs according to the ingredient of the gas were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrical characteristics of CNWs were analyzed using a 4-point probe.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.292-300
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• 1997

150~$190^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 동안의 수열반응을 통해 입방체 모양을 갖는 0.5~5 $\mu\textrm{m}$의 ($Pb_{0.95}Sr_{0.05})(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$ 결정분말을 제조하였다. 실험결과 반응온도가 증가함에 따라 PSZT의 핵생성과 결정성장 속도가 빨라져서 평균입경이 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 광화제로 사용한 KOH의 농도를 증가시켜 평균입경이 작고 입도분포의 폭이 좁은 분말을 얻을 수 있었으며 결정화가 일어나는 반응온도를 낮출 수 있었다. Zr/Ti의 조성비가 0.40/0.60에서 0.60/0.40으로 증가함에 따라 PSZT의 주요 결정상은 정방정의 결정상에서 능면정의 결정상으로 전이되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.177-189
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• 2010

These studies were conducted to analysis for weather reaction on the growth and yield component according to meterological elements used Vector Autoregressive Regression(VAR) Model at Daejeon, Hongseong, Geumsan, Nonsan, and Yesan to core of center to Chungnam area in Rice. Reaction of cultivars according to change of meterological elements for growth and yield component effected on heading time in Gancheokbyeo and Mananbyeo, grain number of a spike in Gancheokbyeo, ratio of ripeness in Gancheokbyeo and Geumobyeo 1, amount of milled rice in Geurubyeo and Ansanbyeo, and 1,000 grains weight in Gancheokbyeo, Dasanbyeo, and Hwajinbyeo. An effect on the growth and yield components of meterological elements were influenced by heading date, 1,000 grain weight and ratio of repening as sunshine hours. The cultivars in sensitive reaction for change of weather condition were classified to 14 varieties including Gerubyeo et al., insensitive cultivars were classified to 66 varieties including Gyehwabyeo et. al.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.180-182
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• 1997

GaN crystals were deposited by tile direct reaction between ammonia and gallium at 105$0^{\circ}C$, 107$0^{\circ}C$ and 110$0^{\circ}C$ on (0001) plane sapphire substrate. The size of GaN crystals were increased with reaction temperature, but its were decreased with increasing the flow rates of NH$_3$. The size of GaN of 46${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ were deposited ell sapphire substrate at the reaction temperature of 107$0^{\circ}C$ for growth time of 60 min.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2017

In this study, nickel hydroxide crystalline powders were synthesized by continuous reaction in the taylor fluid flow using nickel chloride, nickel sulphate and sodium hydroxide as raw materials and compared with those prepared by a conventional batch type reaction. The crystallinity of nickel hydroxide prepared by the Taylor fluid flow reaction was higher than that of nickel hydroxide obtained by batch reaction. The particle size of nickel hydroxide decreased about 2.5 to 3.6 times, and the specific surface area was increased.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2006

In the $Al(OH)_3-SiO_2-AlF_3$ system, leaf-shaped fluorotopaz was first formed at $800^{\circ}C$ and mullite whisker was formed at $1,100^{\circ}C$. The mass transportation of Al and Si as gas phase, the fast reaction and growth, and the absence of liquid phase existence in mullite whisker showed that the formation and growth of mullite was from the solid-vapor reaction.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2006

Phase evolutions involving nucleation stages together with diffusional growth have been examined in order to provide a guideline for determining rate limiting stages during phase evolutions. In multiphase materials systems in coatings, composites or multilayered structures, diffusion treatments often result in the development of metastable/intermediate phases at the reaction interfaces. The development of metastable phases during solid state interdiffusion demonstrates that the nucleation reaction can be one controlling factor. Also, the concentration gradient and the relative magnitudes of the component diffusivities provide a basis for a phase selection and the application of a kinetic bias strategy in the phase selection. For multicomponent alloy systems, the identification of the operative diffusion pathway is central to control phase formation. Experimental access to the nucleation and growth stage is discussed in thin film multi layers and bulk samples.

• 오토저널
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.32-44
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• 1983

In case of $K_{Imax}$ < $K_{Iscc}$, the corrosion fatigue of high strength steel in 0.1N $H_{2}$S $O_{4}$ solution and 3.5% salt water is as follows. 1. The fatigue life shortens in order of 3.5% salt water and 0.1N $H_{2}$S $o_{4}$ solution. 2. The fatigue crack growth rate in air is obtained as the following equation. (dc/dN)$_{atr}$=7.23*10$^{-6}$ (.DELTA. K)$^{2.23}$ 3. The corrosion fatigue crack growth rate in environment is divided into three regions, that is, First Region, Second Region and Third Region from the small cyclic stress intensity. 4. The formation rate of the active surface on metal is slower than the mechano-chemical reaction rate in First Region. The crack growth rate depends on time and the cyclic stress intensity and is expressed as the following equation. (dc/dN)$_{I}$=C(/DELTA. K)$^{\delta}$ 5. The formation rate of the active surface is faster than the mechano-chemical reaction rate in Second Region and the synergistic effect by stress and corrosion becomes slow. In case the fatigue load is large, we have the critical crack growth rate which is not related to the cyclic stress intensity. 6. The corrosion crack growth rate by the mechano-chemical reaction is the same in $H_{2}$S $O_{4}$ solution and salt water, so Hydrogen accelerates the crack growth. 7. The environment has no effect on the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate in Third Region. 8. In First Region and Second Region, dimple is observed on the fatigue fracture surface in 0.1N $H_{2}$S $O_{4}$ solution. 9. The striation is observed in any environment as in air in Third Region and its interval approximately coincide with the crack growth rate.ate.e.e.