• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제58권10호
• /
• pp.37.1-37.10
• /
• 2016

Background: Providing of insufficient nutrients limits the potential growth of pig, while feeding of excessive nutrients increases the economic loss and causes environment pollution. For these reasons, phase feeding had been introduced in swine farm for improving animal production. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary energy levels and phase feeding by protein levels on growth performance, blood profiles and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 128 growing pigs ([Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace] ${\times}$ Duroc), averaging $26.62{\pm}3.07kg$ body weight, were assigned in a $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement with 4 pigs per pen. The first factor was two dietary energy level (3,265 kcal of ME/kg or 3,365 kcal of ME/kg), and the second factor was four different levels of dietary protein by phase feeding (1growing(G)-2finishing(F) phases, 2G-2F phases, 2G-3F phases and 2G-3F phases with low CP requirement). Results: In feeding trial, there was no significant difference in growth performance. The BUN concentration was decreased as dietary protein level decreased in 6 week and blood creatinine was increased in 13 week when pigs were fed diets with different dietary energy level. The digestibility of crude fat was improved as dietary energy levels increased and excretion of urinary nitrogen was reduced when low protein diet was provided. Chemical compositions of longissimus muscle were not affected by dietary treatments. In backfat thickness ($P_2$) at 13 week, pigs fed high energy diet had thicker backfat thickness (P = 0.06) and pigs fed low protein diet showed the trend of backfat thinness reduction (P = 0.09). In addition, water holding capacity was decreased (P = 0.01) and cooking loss was increased (P = 0.07) as dietary protein level reduced. When pigs were fed high energy diet with low subdivision of phase feeding, days to 120 kg market weight was reached earlier compared to other treatments. Conclusion: Feeding the low energy diet and subdivision of growing-finishing phase by dietary protein levels had no significant effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Also, phase feeding with low energy and low protein diet had no negative effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics but economical profits was improved.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제4권S2호
• /
• pp.148-155
• /
• 1995

(1) The metastable crystalline(MX) phases formed by ion mixing are classified into 5 types, i.e. the super-saturated solid solutions and the enlarged HCP-I phases reported earlier, and the newly observed FCC-I phases in hcp-based alloys, The FCC-ll and HCP-ll phases in bcc-based alloys. The growth kinetics of the MX phases is discussed. (2) The interfacial free energy in the multilayered films was found to play an important role in ion beam mixing(IM) induced amorphization. By adding sufficient interfaces, amorphous alloys were obtained even in the systems with rather positive heat of formation. (3) Gibbs free energy diagrams of some representative systems were constructed, by calculating the free energy curves of all the competing phases. Steady-state thermal annealing was conducted and the results confirmed the relevance of the constructed diagrams, which were inturn employed to interpret the MX phase formation as well as the glass forming ability upon IM in the binary metal systems.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
• /
• pp.158-159
• /
• 2006

Ultrafine Au-Pb particles prepared by two method, (1) simultaneous evaporation of Au and Pb in inert gas and (2) subsequent vapor condensation of Pb in a differentially evacuated tube onto flying Au nanoparticles prepared by gasevaporation technique, were observed by electron microscopy. In the method (1), the particles that grew at the region where the two smoke masses converged, consisted of alloy phases. In the method (2), the particles consisted of two or three phases of Au, $Au_2Pb$, $AuPb_2$ and Pb phases in turn from the inner part, Pb-rich particles being composed of only two phases of $AuPb_2$ and Pb.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.1281-1285
• /
• 2004

A line of Japanese quail selected for increased body weight for 15 generations (C) and an unselected control line (K) were used to examine the impact of selection for body weight on the growth curve of Japanese quail. In addition, the effect of sex on the growth curve in each line was also studied, namely females of C (CF), males of C (CM), females of K (KF) and males of K (KM). The monophasic and diphasic growth models were studied for adequacy in describing growth curves of quail in both sexes of the C and K lines. The monophasic function provided almost the same growth rate for both sexes in both lines. However, the growth rates calculated by means of the diphasic function differed between sexes for both lines, except for those calculated for C during the second growth phase. While there were 2-3 days difference between sexes in age at maximum gain in both lines with a monophasic model, the difference between sexes in the age at maximum gain in both lines became greater according to the diphasic model. There were 5 and 7 days difference between sexes in the age at maximum gain in line C for the first and second growth phases, respectively. A difference between sexes of 18 and 11 days in the age at maximum gain for the first and second phases, respectively, was estimated for line K when the diphasic function was fitted. The use of diphasic functions provides more detailed information on growth patterns. The results showed that the use of the diphasic function was better because it provided greater insights into understanding the biology of growth.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.162-166
• /
• 2017

$Zn_{1-x}Ag_xSb$에서 Ag의 함량이 0~0.2인 열전화합물을 진공용해법으로 제조하여 결정상과 열전물성을 조사하였다. x = 0.05에서는 금속성 free Sb 상이 많이 생성되었고 이로 인해 전기전도도와 power factor가 크게 증가하였고 power factor는 제벡계수보다는 전기전도도에 의해 더 큰 영향을 받았다. x = 0.1 이상에서는 $Ag_3Sb$ 상이 현저하게 늘어났고 free Sb 피크는 약화되었다. 이에 따라 전기전도도와 power factor는 감소하기 시작하였고 이러한 경향은 더 많은 Ag가 첨가되면서 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국결정성장학회 1999년도 PROCEEDINGS OF 99 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE KACG AND 6TH KOREA·JAPAN EMG SYMPOSIUM (ELECTRONIC MATERIALS GROWTH SYMPOSIUM), HANYANG UNIVERSITY, SEOUL, 06월 09일 JUNE 1999
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 1999

Computer simulations have played a central role in the development of out understanding of the atomic scale processes involved in crystal growth. The assumptions underlying computer modeling will be discussed and out recent work on modeling of the kinetic formation of thermodynamically unstable phases in alloys or mixtures will be reviewed. Our Monte Carlo computer simulations have reproduced the experimental results on the rapid recrystallization of laser-melted doped silicon. An analytical model for this phenomenon has been developed, and its applicability to other materials will be discussed.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 1999

Computer simulations have played a central role in the development of our understanding of the atomic scale processes involved in crystal growth. The assumptions underlying computer modeling will be discussed and our recent work on modeling of the kinetic formation of thermodynamically unstable phases in alloys or mixtures will be reviewed. Our Monte Carlo computer simulations have reproduced the experimental results on the rapid recrystallization of laser-melted doped silicon. An analytical model for this phenomenon has been developed, and its applicability to other materials will be discussed.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 1989

After sintering Si3N4 containing 20wt% of variable composition ratio of Y2O3 and Al2O3 at 1$600^{\circ}C$, the specimens were annealed at 125$0^{\circ}C$ and 135$0^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15 hours in order to crystallize the remanining oxynitride glass phases. The main grain-boundary crystalline phases in the Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3 system were melilite and YAG. By annealing 15hrs. at 125$0^{\circ}C$, almost all of the glasses were crystallized. During the growth of melilite, lattice volyume of $\beta$-Si3N4 was increased as Al3+ and O2- ions in the oxynitride glass diffuse into $\beta$-Si3N4 lattice, but during the growth of YAG, lattice volume of $\beta$-Si3N4 was decreased by reverse diffusion of Al3+ and O2- ions. In case of crystallization of glass phase to melilite, thermal expansion of sample was decreased, but in case of crystallization to YAG, inverse phenomen on was observed.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.278-283
• /
• 2001

Antioxidant and redox enzyme activities are known to be involved in the cellular responses to various stresses. Their variations were observed according to the growth cycle of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Peroxidase activity appeared to be notably higher in the early exponential phase than in the mid-exponential and stationary phases. However, catalase activity showed a variation pattern resembling the growth curve. Glutathione S-transferase activity was higher in the early exponential and late stationary phases. Activities of the two redox enzymes, thioredoxin and thioltransferase (glutaredoxin), were high in the stationary phase. However, their activities appeared to increase from the early exponential to mid-exponential phase. Total glutathione content had a varying pattern similar to that of thioredoxin and thioltransferase. However, its content in the early exponential phase was high. These results propose that antioxidant and redox enzymes tested are also involved in the mechanism of cell growth.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2003

The hair cycle consists of three phases, growth (anagen), involution (catagen) and quiescence (telogen) phases. In order to evaluate hair re-growth effect of herbal extracts mixture containing the 70％ ethanol extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Mori Cortex Radicis, Gingko Biloba Folium and Pine bud, we have examined the induction of the anagen phase and/or elongation of the anagen period using C3H mice. Morphological examination was done by Hattori' and Ogawa's method. Enzyme activities of ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase (${\gamma}$-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was detected by Bessey-Lovry-Brock's method. Enzyme activity as a biochemical marker of hair cycle was investigated in the third hair cycle period of C3H mice after depilation. 3％ Minoxidil treated group and herbal extract mixture treated group were shown 3 days earlier initiation of anagen than control group. In cycling mouse skin, ${\gamma}$-GT activity is pronounced during anagen and greatly diminished during telogen. Herbal extract mixture has shown promising hair re-growth effect on hair follicular cycles of C3H mice.