• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2013

To obtain basic data for the better use of Cordyceps pruinosa we reassessed the effect of different medium, culture method, pH, and carbon and nitrogen sources on the mycelial growth properties of four C. pruinosa isolates. The growth of mycelia differed among the four isolates depending on medium type and cultivation days. Among the tested 8 kinds of solid media, the four isolates grew well on PDA and MMMA(mushroom minimal medium agar). While, among the tested 8 kinds of liquid media, all the isolates grew well in SDYM(Sabourand's dextrose yeast extract medium). The isolates also grew well in the SDYM with pH from 4.0 to 9.5 without any inhibition. One isolate could best grow at pH 8 to 9.5. Regarding the ability of utilizing carbon source, the difference of mycelia growth among the isolates was the most with xylose. Regarding nitrogen source, three isolates could utilize urea which is new fact in this species. These results provide new points on the growth properties of the fungal mycelium which has not been explored before. Overall, this reassessed study concluded that it is necessary to check in advance the growth properties of mycelium when a new isolate of C. pruinosa is expected to be used for application.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 1996

The marine microalga Isochrysis galbana Parke was studied to optimize its growth conditions in flask culture. Important medium components studied include nitrogen source, buffer, trace elements and vitamins. Environmental conditions include pH, temperature, light intensity, mixing extent and working volume. The medium prepared from natural sea-waters gave a higher final cell density than the medium prepared from synthetic sea-water Nitrate was a better source than ammonium. In the range of 0.4∼2mM, the final cell density was proportional to the initial nitrate concentration and the cell yield was estimated to be 8.5g dry cell wt/g N. For phosphate, optimal growth was observed in 0.1∼1.0mM but a considerable variation in pH was resulted. The addition of Tris at 5mM or 7mM could stabilize the medium pH, but this significantly reduced both growth rate and final cell density, The effect of trace elements and vitamins was negligible. Optimal temperature and initial pH were $20^{\circ}C$ and 8. When the intensity of incident light was varied in the range of 400∼2100 lux, the growth rate increased from 10mL to 70mL, the final cell density decreased although the initial growth rate did not change. Optimal agitation speed was 100rpm when working volume was 30mL. With optimal conditions, the maximum specific growth rate obtained was 0.021hr-1 and the final cell density was 1.1g/L.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.207-213
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• 2004

The results of examining characteristics of mycelial growth and culture condition for determining the condition of artificially culturing Fomitopsis pinicola are as follows. 1) Mycelial growth and density of F. pinicola. were the highest in the medium of PIDA(Pine Dextrose Agar;66.3mm/10d) followed by the order of GDA, PDA, CDA, PODA, ODA, YM, MCM, MEA(pH 4.7), CHA, and MEA(pH 4.7). 2) Optimal temperature for the mycelial growth and density of F. pinicola were shown to be $30^{\circ}C$, but the mycelia were dead at $40^{\circ}C$. the mycelial growth and density of KNAC9005 strains was the highest at $30^{\circ}C$(66.3mm/10d) followed by the order of 25, 20, 15, 35, 10, and $5^{\circ}C$. 3) Optimal pH for the mycelial growth and density of $40^{\circ}C$ was revealed to be 6.0(88.4mm/10d). above or below pH 6.0, the mycelial growth and density were shown to be retarded. 4) Optimal carbon, nitrogen and organic acid sources for the spawn growth of $40^{\circ}C$ were maltose(331mg/25ml/15d), peptone(347mg/25ml/15d), and glutamic acid(357mg/25ml/15d), respectively. Optimal level of biotin was 370mg/15d and optimal C/N ratio was 40.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2002

The results of examining characteristics of mycelial growth and culture condition for determining the condition of artificially culturing Inonotus obliqua (chaga) are as follows. 1) Mycelial growth and density oft, oblique were the highest in the medium of BDA (Birch Dextrose Agar; 66.3mm/10d) followed by the order of GDA, PDA, CDA, PODA, ODA, YM, MCM, MEA (pH 7.0), CHA, and MEA (pH 4.7). 2) Optimal temperature for the mycelial growth and density of 1. obliqua were shown to be 30$^{\circ}C$, but the mycelia were dead at 40$^{\circ}C$. the mycelial growth and density of KNAC3005 strains was the highest at 30$^{\circ}C$(66.3mm/10d) followed by the order of 25, 20, 15, 35, 10, and 5$^{\circ}C$. 3) Optimal pH for the mycelial growth and density were revealed to be 6.0 (88.4mm/10d). Above or below pH 6.0, the mycelial growth and density were shown to be retarded. 4) Optimal carbon, nitrogen and organic acid sources for the spawn growth of 40 were maltose (331mg/25$m\ell$/15d), peptone (347mg/25$m\ell$/15d), and glutamic acid (357mg/25$m\ell$/15d), respectively. Optimal level of biotin was 370mg/15d and optimal C/N ratio was 40.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2000

This study was investigated to observe Lactobacillus spp. population of poultry digestive organ, duodenum, ilium, cecum and colon by growing steps and to select of valuable lactobacilli as probiotics. Two strains of male broiler commercial chickens, Hybrid and Ross, were used to evaluate population of Lactobacillus spp. in intestinal tracts. Three strains of Lactobacillus were identified, and bile salts environment. The number of lactovacilli was the lowest in duodenum compared to other intestinal tracts which had similar population. Population of Lactobacillus was maintained constantly regardless growing steps after one week of age. Identification of Lactobacillus from cecum resulted in L.reuteri BC5, L. crispatus BC7, L.reuteri BC9. All strains was depressed in pH 1 and 2, although two strains could survive for one hour at pH 2. And they could survive at pH 4 for 4hours. In bile salts tolerance, L.reuteri BC5, L.crispatus BC7 were maintained for 2 hours, but the growth reduced from 2hours. Growth of L.reuteri BC9 was increased continuously. In conclusion, Lactobacillus of intestinal tracts were established at first week, and maintained constant population. They were influenced on severe acidic condition and bile salts. Cecal Lactobacillus has different growth charcteristics by strains.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.356-359
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• 2000

A two-stage fed-batch fermentation was carried out to increase xylitol productivity by Candida tropicalis. The first stage for cell growth was performed in the pH-stat and continuous fed-batch modes. The higher cell growth and lower ethanol production obtained in the fed-batch mode where the growth medium was fed when pH of culture broth increased over 5.7. And also the effect of oxygen transfer on xylitol production was investigated by changing agitation speed under 0.5 vvm of aeration. The maximum xylitol productivity and yield were obtained at 500 rpm of agitation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.556-563
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• 2015

Chinese cabbage is one of the most important vegetables in Korea and a target crop for market stabilization as well. Remote sensing has long been used as a tool to extract plant growth, cultivated area and yield information for many crops, but little research has been conducted on Chinese cabbage. This study refers to the derivation of simple Chinese cabbage growth prediction equation by using RapidEye derived vegetation index. Daesan-myeon area in Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea is one of main producing district of Chinese cabbage. RapidEye multi-spectral imagery was taken on the Daesan-myeon five times from early September to late October during the Chinese cabbage growing season. Meanwhile, field reflectance spectra and five plant growth parameters, including plant height (P.H.), plant diameter (P.D.), leaf height (L.H.), leaf length (L.L.) and leaf number (L.N.), were measured for about 20 plants (ten plants per plot) for each ground survey. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for each of the 20 plants was measured using an active plant growth sensor (Crop $Circle^{TM}$) at the same time. The results of correlation analysis between the vegetation indices and Chinese cabbage growth data showed that NDVI was the most suited for monitoring the L.H. (r=0.958~0.978), L.L. (r=0.950~0.971), P.H. (r=0.887~0.982), P.D. (r=0.855~0.932) and L.N. (r=0.718~0.968). Retrieval equations were developed for estimating Chinese cabbage growth parameters using NDVI. These results obtained using the NDVI is effective provided a basis for establishing retrieval algorithm for the biophysical properties of Chinese cabbage. These results will also be useful in determining the RapidEye multi-spectral imagery necessary to estimate parameters of Chinese cabbage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 1977

This experiment was conducted to determine the responses of some pine species to acidity of cultured soils, and absorption behavior of alkaline elements and to observe the growth characteristics during afforesting period. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Total dry weight indicating growth volume was not much influenced by the acidity of cultured soils (pH 4~8) in all of the 4 species studied. Pinus koraiensis showed more dry weight than any other species, which indicated statistically significant difference. 2. T-R ratio of dry weight was not much affected by the acidity of cultured soils (pH 4~8) and the difference of cultured soils (pH 4~8) and by species. Growth phase also did not show remarkable change through the experiment period. 3. The average sodium content ratio in the plant body had no correlation with cultured soils (pH 4~8), bue significant differences were recognized among species statistically. 4. It was found that sodium content ratio was not much influenced by the cultured soils (pH 4~8), even when the tops and roots were separately analyzed. But, very significant difference was found among the species. Pinus koraiensis especially, showed greater volume growth maintaining low sodium content ratio than any other species, which indicates that Pinus koraiensis has unfavorable characteristics for growing on the seaside.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.20-37
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• 1980

Among the 34 strains of Nicotinophiles selected in the previous experiments, strain NCT27 identified with Pseudomonas putida and strain NCT30 identified with Arthrobacter oxydans biotype nan thus were Investigated for optimization of growth conditions for nicotine degradation and other cultural characteristics. The compositions of optimized medium were to be following: $KH_2PO_4$ 2.Ogr, KCI 5.Ogr, $MgSO_4$.$7H_2O$ 20mg, $MnSO_4$.$6H_2O$ 0.2mg, $FeSO_4$.$7H_2O$ 1.Omg, Col$^{++}$ (Cobalt Acetate),2.O$\gamma$, N1$^{++}$ (NiSO4,6H2O) 0.5$\gamma$, and yeast extract 80mg per liter. The optimum initial concentrations of nicotine for growth were 0.4% for Pseudomonas and 0.1% for Arthrobacter, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH were 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 7.0 for both of strains. The pH of culture medium of Pseudomonas was changed from acidic condition to basic one in going from the logarithmic growth phase to the stationary growth phase. In contrast with Pseudomonas, it remained constant in case of Arthrobacter. The growth of Arthrobacter was completely inhibited in the nicotine concentration of 0.7&. However, Pseudomonas could grow even in the nicotine concentration of 1.0%. Moreover, it could grow successfully in the tobacco extract media as well as media containing carbon and nitrogen sources other than nicotine. The maximum rates of nicotine degradation were to be 1.22 gr./hr./liter for Pseudomonas and 0.186 gr./hr./liter for Arthrobacter, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1987

To obtain basic information concerning the soybean cultivar differences of physiological and ecological responses to soil pH to select and breed stably higher yielding cultivars, and to improve cultural management of soil differing in pH, the responses of soybean plants in growth, grain yield, nodule formation and its activity, and major chemical compositions of soybean plants were investigated using six cultivars and two levels of soil pH 5 and 7 of the pot and field experimental soil in Suwon, 1985. Acidic soil condition suppressed overall vegetative growth of soybean plants and thereby decreased stem length, number of nodes, leaf area, dry weight of the plants, root activity, nodulation and nodule activity, the content of allantoin nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphorous, calcium, and magnesium of the plants. Due to the such responses of soybean plants to the acid soil, grain yield also decreased along with less grains per plant. However, the little difference in growth and yield of the cultivar Janbaeglcong in response to soil pH is considered to be a good source of breeding materials tolerant to acidic soil condition. In this regard Bongeui and Oialkong also were relatively stable in the growth and grain yield under the different soil acidity conditions.