• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1091-1099
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• 1995

The cyutotoxic effects of hot water soluble polysaccharides extract(PS) from the mushroom, Lentinus edodes, and in combinations with vitamin A or vitamin E on life span of ICR mice bearing P388 cancer cells and in vitro against P388 cancer cells were examined. The chemical components of PS and fractions were analyzed and survival time and cell number of P388 treated with extract fractions with and without vatamin A or E supplementation were also measured. The results obtained were summarized as follows; The extract of fraction B was shown to have the highest antitumor activity against P388 implanted in ICR mice. The antitumor fraction B was consisted of 82.0% of polysaccharide and 4.2% of protein. All three fractions seemed to have in vivo antitumor activity against P388, and fraction B showed the highest activity, In vitro P388 cell growht was inhibited 76%, 89%, 54% by the addition of fraction A, B and C respectively. Vitamin A or E did not appear to have any accelerating effects on either in vivo or in vitro cell cytotoxicity when each of them was combined with the PS and fractions. All three fractions contained more than 68% of polysaccharides. The fraction B showed the highest value of 88% in polysaccharides. Monsaccharides of the fraction B were identified as galactose(59.1%), glucose(29.2%), fructose(2.8%) and uronic acid(4.2%). Hydrolysis of protein from the fraction B was didentifed to have 17 kinds of defined and 5 undifined amino acids. The inhibitory effects of the hot water extracts from mushroom against cancer cell growth of P388 were stronger than the control group. And the survival time of ICR mice was shown to be 161% between the control group and the experimental groups.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity, antimutagenic and anticancer effects and dyeing properties of the fermented indigo extract. The physiological effects of natural color extracts from colorant plants(gardenia, beet and indigo) were studied. The methanol extract of indigo showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli and Staph. aureus, and also showed a strong antimicrobial effect on Trich. mentagrophytes compared to others. The methanol extract of indigo showed antimutagenic activities against aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. The proliferation of Clone M-3 mouse melanoma cells and A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells was inhibited by the methanol extract of indigo. So we decided to use natural indigo for dyeing the fabrics because of those effects. Dried indigo leaves were fermented at variouss temperature and the fermented indigo was reduced by using alkaline(NaOH, Ca(OH)2) and glucose to dye the fabrics. The values of K/S fermented indigo showed the highest value when it was fermented at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The indigo fermented at 3$0^{\circ}C$ had the greatest number of total bacterial counts and we identified one of the main microorganisms as Aspergillus niger. This microorganism was responsible for the indigo fermentation and accelerated indigo fermentation. So it can be supposed to reduce the fermentation period of indigo by inoculating Aspergillus niger into the indigo leaves at 3$0^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2011

This study was conducted to determine the effects of excess vitamin A on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, contents of calcium-binding protein (CaBP), bone gla-protein (BGP) in culture medium and CaBP mRNA expression in chicken osteoblasts in vitro. Osteoblastic cells in the tibia from 1-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chickens were isolated using enzyme digestion. The subconfluenced cells were divided into eight treatments with six replicates in each treatment and cultured in a medium containing either vehicle or different levels of vitamin A (0, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 and $20.0\;{\mu}g$/ml), and the control received an equivalent volume of ethanol. The incubation lasted 48 h. The results showed that vitamin A down-regulated ALP activity in the culture medium as well as CaBP mRNA expression of osteoblasts in a linear dose-dependent manner (p = 0.124 and p<0.10, respectively), and suppressed the contents of BGP and CaBP in the culture medium in a quadratic dose-dependent manner (p<0.05 and p<0.10, respectively) with increasing addition of vitamin A. The addition of 0-$0.2\;{\mu}g$/ml vitamin A to the culture medium increased ALP activity, BGP and CaBP contents as well as CaBP mRNA expression compared with other groups, but positive effects of vitamin A tended to be suppressed when vitamin A was increased to $1.0\;{\mu}g$/ml, and adverse effects occurred when vitamin A was increased to 10.0-$20.0\;{\mu}g$/ml. These results implied that there was a threshold level of vitamin A inclusion beyond which inhibitory effects occurred, and the mechanism by which overdose of vitamin A reduced bone growth in chickens was probably reduced osteoblastic cell activity, and inhibited expression of CaBP mRNA and CaBP secretion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6247-6251
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• 2014

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of emodin on the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and the estrogen (E2) signal pathway in vitro. Materials and Methods: MTT assays were used to detect the effects of emodin on E2 induced proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) was applied to determine the effect of emodin on E2-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Western blotting allowed detection of the effects of emodin on the expression of estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$, cyclin D1 and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphatidylinostiol 3-kinases (PI3K). Luciferase assays were emplyed to assess transcriptional activity of $ER{\alpha}$. Results: Emodin could inhibit E2-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects, and arrest the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, further blocking the effect of E2 on expression and transcriptional activity of $ER{\alpha}$. Moreover, Emodin influenced the ER ${\alpha}$ genomic pathway via downregulation of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 protein expression, and influenced the non-genomic pathway via decreased PI3K/Akt protein expression. Conclusions: These findings indicate that emodin exerts inhibitory effects on MCF-7 cell proliferation via inhibiting both non-genomic and genomic pathways.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Doenjang, Korean traditional fermented soybean paste has been reported to have an anti-obesity effect. Because adipose tissue is considered a major source of inflammatory signals, we investigated the protective effects of Doenjang and steamed soybean on oxidative stress and inflammation in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a low fat diet (LF), a high-fat diet (HF), or a high-fat containing Doenjang diet (DJ) or a high-fat containing steamed soybean diet (SS) for 11 weeks. RESULTS: Mice fed a DJ diet showed significantly lower body and adipose tissue weights than those in the HF group. Although no significant differences in adipocyte size and number were observed among the HF diet-fed groups, consumption of Doenjang alleviated the incidence of crown-like structures in adipose tissue. Consistently, we observed significantly reduced mRNA levels of oxidative stress markers (heme oxygenase-1 and $p40^{phox}$), pro-inflammatory adipokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1), macrophage markers (CD68 and CD11c), and a fibrosis marker (transforming growth factor beta 1) by Doenjang consumption. Gene expression of anti-inflammatory adipokine, adiponectin was significantly induced in the DJ group and the SS group compared to the HF group. The anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects observed in mice fed an SS diet were not as effective as those in mice fed a DJ diet, suggesting that the bioactive compounds produced during fermentation and aging may be involved in the observed health-beneficial effects of Doenjang. CONCLUSIONS: Doenjang alleviated oxidative stress and restored the dysregulated expression of adipokine genes caused by excess adiposity. Therefore, Doenjang may ameliorate systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity via inhibition of inflammatory signals of adipose tissue.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.191-211
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• 1995

This experiment was designed to study the change of cytotoxic and antitumor effects according to the prebrewed method of Semen Tiglii and Rhizoma Coptidis. The cytotoxic and antitumor effects were evaluated on human cell lines(A 549, Caki-1, LL2, Sarcoma 180, NIH/3T3) after exposure to prebrewed Semen Tiglii and Rhizoma Coptidis water extract 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 mg/ml using in MTT assay, LDH, colony forming efficency and SRB assay which were regarded as a valuable method for cytotoxic and antitumor effects of unknown compound on tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this studies were as follows. 1. The cytotoxicity from the result of MTT assay was low slightly in the ST II(炒巴豆霜), high in the ST III(醋炒巴豆). The cytotoxicity of ST I + RC(生巴豆霜加黃連) was similar to that of STI(生巴豆霜). 2. The cytotoxicity from the result of LDH was low slightly in the ST Ⅱ (炒巴豆霜), high in the ST III(醋炒巴豆). The cytotoxicity of ST I + RC(生巴豆霜加黃連) was similar to that of ST I(生巴豆霜). 3. The antitumor affect on A 549 tumor cell from the result of colony forming efficiency was low slightly in the ST II (炒巴豆霜) and ST I + RC(生巴豆霜加黃連). 4. The antitumor effect on Caki-1 tumor cell from the result of SRB assay was low slightly in the ST II (炒巴豆霜). 5. Median survival time and Increased life span increased slightly in the ST I RC(生巴豆霜加黃連) and ST II (炒巴豆霜). 6. The inhibitory effect on the growth of Sarcoma 180 and Lewis lung carcinoma tumor cell increased slightly in the ST I + RC(生巴豆霜加黃連) and ST II (炒巴豆霜).

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권4호통권91호
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• pp.312-317
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• 1999

우리나라 중요한 식품 원료인 전통 매주로부터 분리한 단독균의 접종 메주의 암세포 저해효과를 검색하기 위하여, 민간유래의 혈액암 세포주에 대한 저해활성을 MTT assay로 분석하였다. 먼저 전통 메주로부터 21종의 단독균을 분리한 후 각각 접종하여 발효된 단독균의 메주시료를 조제한 다음 80% methanol로 추출하였다. 메주 메탄올추출물은 혈액암세포중 HL60에서는 다소 낮은 성장 저해효과를 보였으나, U937과 Jurkat cell에서는 저해효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 특히 Mucor속과 Absidia속 Aspergillus속으로 제조된 메주들에서 이들 혈액암세포에 대해 저해효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 모든 메주 메탄올추출물들은 인간의 정상 lymphocyte에서 대해서는 90% 이상의 높은 생존율을 나타내어 정상 세포에 대한 성장 저해 효과가 거의 없음을 보며주었다. 이는 단독균의 메주시료가 가지는 세포독성이 암세포에 대한 특이적인 작용인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.646-656
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• 2022

Background: In addition to its use as a health food, ginseng is used in cosmetics and shampoo because of its extensive health benefits. The ginsenoside, Rh2, is a component of ginseng that inhibits tumor cell proliferation and differentiation, promotes insulin secretion, improves insulin sensitivity, and shows antioxidant effects. Methods: The effects of Rh2 on cell survival, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, and cell differentiation were examined. The antioxidant effects of Rh2 in UV-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were also examined. The effects of Rh2 on mitochondrial function, morphology, and mitophagy were investigated in UV-irradiated NHDF cells. Results: Rh2 treatment promoted the proliferation of NHDF cells. Additionally, Rh2 increased the expression levels of ECM proteins and growth-associated immediate-early genes in ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated NHDF cells. Rh2 also affected antioxidant protein expression and increased total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, treatment with Rh2 ameliorated the changes in mitochondrial morphology, induced the recovery of mitochondrial function, and inhibited the initiation of mitophagy in UV-irradiated NHDF cells. Conclusion: Rh2 inhibits mitophagy and reinstates mitochondrial ATP production and membrane potential in NHDF cells damaged by UV exposure, leading to the recovery of ECM, cell proliferation, and antioxidant capacity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.1678-1683
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• 2010

본 실험은 김치의 유통기한을 연장하고자 배추김치에 열처리 및 천연보존료를 첨가하여 그 효과를 조사하였다. 400g의 배추김치를 각각 원형 polyethylene 플라스틱 용기에 담고 $90^{\circ}C$에서 120분 처리하였을 때, $2.0\;log_{10}CFU/g$만큼 총 균수가 감소하였으나 열처리 10분 만에 용기의 변형이 일어났고, 김치의 관능변화가 감지되어 부적절한 조건으로 판정되었다. 필름 파우치에 김치를 옮겨 열처리하였을 때는 $80^{\circ}C$에서 30분 이하로 열처리하였을 때 $0.3\;log_{10}CFU/g$의 저해효과를 보여 효과는 크지 않았지만 김치의 관능변화를 일으키지 않는 적정조건이었다. 반면에, 배추 조직의 느린 열전달과 열처리 시 관능 변화 특성을 고려하여 김치 부재료 양념을 절임배추와 혼합 전 별도 열처리를 실시한 결과, $80^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 30분 열처리하였을 때 총 균수를 $0.5\;log_{10}CFU/g$, 그리고 유산균을 $1.0\;log_{10}CFU/g$만큼 저해하여 배추김치 살균보다도 더 효과적인 방법으로 판명되었다. 또한, 나이신과 유카추추물을 첨가한 김치를 한 달간 저장하며 미생물의 저해 효과를 확인한 결과 $5^{\circ}C$에 보관할 때에 두 처리구 모두 저장기간 동안 유산균의 생육을 저해하는 효과를 보였다. 나이신과 유카추출물의 경우 모두 낮은 온도에서($5^{\circ}C$) 높은 초기 미생물의 저해 효과를 보였다. 이 연구 결과는 저온살균법의 물리적 방법과 나이신 또는 유카추출물과 같은 천연보존료를 사용하는 화학적방법이 각각 김치의 초기 미생물을 감소시키고 유통기간 동안 미생물의 생육속도를 저해하는데 효과적임을 보여준다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.710-718
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• 2002

콩과 식물인 갈근에는 genistein과 daidzein이 함유된 것으로 알려졌으므로 본 연구는 갈근(PR), 갈화(PF) 및 어린순인 갈용(PL)에 함유된 phytoestrogen의 함량을 HPLC법으로 정량 분석하였다. 동시에 phytoestrogen의 골다공증 치료제에 대한 효능 검색의 일환으로 조골세포의 증식작용(MTT법 및 ALP분석)과 피골세포의 활성(TRAP법)을 측정하였고 난소절제 흰쥐에 PR 1 g/kg/day(PR-1) 및 PR 5 g/kg/day(PR-5)을 9주 동안 투여한 후 혈액분석, 혈장 Alkaline phospatase(ALP), 칼슘, 무기성 인산염, 총콜레스테롤, LDL- 및 HDL-콜레스테롤을 측정하였고 적출된 경골 및 요추골의 소주골면적을 측정하였다. PR과 PF의 총 daidzein의 함량은 $10436{\pm}2144\;mg/kg$와 $1003{\pm}206\;mg/kg$이었고 genistein과 formononetin은 PR에만 존재하고 PF 및 PL에는 함유되어 있지 않았다. 인간 유사 조골 세포주인 Saos-2에 PR은 대조군의 158% 정도(5 mg/mL)의 세포증식효과와 ALP 활성을 증가시켰으나 전처리한 PR, PF 및 PL의 세포증식효과는 없었고 PL만이 ALP 활성을 증가시켰다. 파골세포의 증식억제실험에서 genistein의 $IC_{50}$는 $1.57{\times}10^{-4}\;mg/mL$ $(5.81{\times}10^{-7}\;M)$이었고, daidzein과 PR은 효과가 없었다. 난소절제 흰쥐에 대한 in vivo 실험에서 대조군이 sham군보다 난소적출 1주 후부터 체중의 증가가 급격하게 나타났으나 PR의 투여로 둔화되었다. PR 투약에 의한 자궁의 무게는 PR-5군은 대조군에 비해 증가되었고(p<0.05), PR-1군은 대조군과 유의성이 없었다. 혈장 ALP의 활성은 주령의 증가에 EK라 감소하는 경향을 보였고, HDL-콜레스테롤의 농도는 모든 군에서 주령에 따라 감소되었으나(p<0.01), PR-5군의 LDL-콜레스테롤의 농도는 대조군에 비해 감소되었다(p<0.01). 대조군에 비해 sham군의 경골 및 요추골의 면적은 증가되었고(p<0.01), PR 투여군(PR-1 및 PR-5)도 sham보다 적으나 대조군에 비해 소주골 면적이 증가되었다(각 p<0.01). 특히 고용량의 PR 투여는 PR의 골다공증 치료효과가 우수함을 증명하였으며(p<0.01), PL과 PF는 효능이 미비하나 PR은 골다공증의 예방 및 치료제로는 상당히 우수한 한약재임이 확인되었다.