• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.420-426
• /
• 2004

In this study, among 10 medicinal plants extracted with 50%-ethanol, antimicrobial activities measured by paper disc method were showed in Scutellaria baicalensis (Sb) on Leu mesenteroides and in Phellodendron amurene (Pa) on Lac. plantarum and Leu. mesenteroides. While 0.05∼0.2% of Pa extracts showed also relatively strong growth inhibition of both strains of lactic acid bacteria cultured in MRS broth for 24 hours at 3$0^{\circ}C$, Sb extract at concentration of 0.1% showed similar inhibitory effect on Leu mesenteroides to that of 0.05% of Pa extract. Addition of 0.02∼0.04% of Pa extracts to kimchi lowered effectively extents of pH decrease and acidity increase, and numbers of lactic acid bacteria and total bacteria compared to those of control during fermentation at 4$^{\circ}C$. This extending effect on fermentation period was obtained by adding 0.04% in case of Sb. Mixed extracts of Pa and Sb (Pa-Sb) by ratio 1 : 1 delayed also fermentation of kimchi at 0.03∼0.04%. In sensory evaluation kimchi containing 0.04% of Pa extract were less sour than kimchi containing 0.02% of Sb extract and/or control at late stage of fermentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.11
• /
• pp.1385-1390
• /
• 2007

Anticarcinogenic-active compound was isolated and purified from Angelica gigas Nakai. The compound was identified as decursin ($C_{19}H_{20}O_5$; molecular weight 328) by mass, IR spectrophotometry $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$. The proliferation decreased in a dose dependant fashion in the MCF-7 cells treated with decursin for 24 hours over the concentration of $20{\mu}g/mL$. The $IC_{50}$ value of the decursin treatment for 24 hours were 31.04, 33.60, 27,24, $20.45{\mu}g/mL$ in the SW480, 293, HepG2 and MCF-7 cells, respectively, The growth inhibitory effect was stronger in the MCF-7 cells compared to other cells including 293 of human normal cells. The chromatin condensation, apoptotic body formation and DNA fragmentation were examined in the cells treated with decursin. These results suggest that decursin from Angelica gigas Nakai inhibited the growth through apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.810-815
• /
• 2006

The biological activities of Oenothera laciniata extracts were measured, including antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects. O. laciniata is an endemic species of Jeju Island, Korea with a seaside habitat. The concentration of total polyphenolic compounds from ethanol (EtOH), n-hexane, dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethylacetate (EtOAc), butanol (BuOH), and water fractions of O. laciniata was 63.96, 8.49, 28.11, 172.64, 114.56, and 34.91 mg/g, respectively. The EtOAc fraction contained the highest antioxidative activities ($IC_{50}$), measured as follows: 16.19 ${\mu}g/mL$ in DPPH radical scavenging capacity, 220.37 ${\mu}g/mL$ in xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, 42.07${\mu}g/mL$ in superoxide radical scavenging capacity, and 421.33 ${\mu}g/mL$ in nitric oxide scavenging capacity. The cytotoxicity of O. laciniata extracts was examined through their effect on the growth of HL-60 cells. Incubation of HL-60 cells with the EtOAc fraction resulted in the greatest inhibition of cell growth; high DNA fragmentation and numerous sub-G1 hypodiploid cells were observed in HL-60 cell cultures treated with the EtOAc fraction. These results suggest that the EtOAc fraction of O. laciniata has potent apoptotic and antioxidative activities in vitro.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.540-549
• /
• 2016

Plant residues serve as substrates for the proliferation and overwintering of plant pathogenic fungi in soil. Effects of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum on the colonization of wheat straw by the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani were investigated under different soil moisture regimes (-50 vs. -500 kPa) in non-sterile soil. T. harzianum ThzID1-M3 and/or F. solani were added along with wheat straw to non-sterile soils. ThzID1-M3, other Trichoderma species, and F. solani were monitored for a 21-day period using quantitative PCR. ThzID1-M3 reduced the colonization of F. solani on wheat straw (p < 0.05) under both moisture regimes, and F. solani reduced the colonization by ThzID1-M3 and other Trichoderma species (p < 0.05), thus suggesting competitive inhibition between ThzID1-M3 and F. solani. Colonization by ThzID1-M3 and generic Trichoderma was improved in the wet soil (p < 0.05), but colonization by F. solani did not differ between the two moisture conditions. Thus, the inhibitory effect of ThzID1-M3 was greater in the wet soil (p < 0.05). The growth competition between ThzID1-M3 and F. solani to colonize plant debris suggests that the biocontrol fungus T. harzianum may reduce the potential of the plant pathogen, F. solani, to survive and proliferate on crops.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.274-279
• /
• 2008

This study investigated the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of soybean sauce (kanjang) supplemented with deep sea water and Sea Tangle. The Ames test indicated that kanjang had no mutagenicity but it significantly inhibited mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Kanjang (200 ug/plate) with supplementary deep sea water and Sea Tangle had approximately 90.9% and 62.0% inhibitory effect, respectively, against mutagenesis of TA100 induced by MNNG and 4NQO. There was 61.7% inhibition of mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against the TA98 strain. Kanjang inhibited growth of cell lines of human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human lung carcinoma (A549), and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with kanjang supplemented with 1.0 mg/mL deep sea water had cytotoxicities of 69.4% 70.5% 55.6% 82.1 % and 73.2% against HeLa, Hep3B, AGS, A549 and MCF-7 cells respectively. In contrast kanjang supplemented with 1 mg/mL deep sea water had only $10{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on normal human embryonal kidney cells (293). Kanjang supplemented with deep sea water significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice injected sarcoma-180 cells. In particular, kanjang supplemented with deep sea water (25 mg/kg) inhibited tumor cell activity by 40.9%.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.9
• /
• pp.1200-1208
• /
• 2009

Tight junctions (TJs) that act as paracellular permeability barriers play an essential role in regulating the diffusion of fluid, electrolytes and macromolecules through the paracellular pathway. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the tightening of TJs, permeability and the invasive activity of genistein - a bioactive isoflavone of soybeans - in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The inhibitory effects of genistein on cell proliferation, motility and invasiveness were found to be associated with the increased tightness of the TJs, which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and a decrease in paracellular permeability. Additionally, the immunoblotting results indicated that genistein repressed the levels of the proteins that comprise the major components of TJ, claudin-3 and claudin-4, which play a key role in the control and selectivity of paracellular transport. Furthermore, genistein decreased the metastasis-related gene expressions of insulin like growth factor-1 receptor and snail, while concurrently increasing that of thrombospondin-1 and E-cadherin. In addition, we demonstrated that claudins play an important role in the anti-motility and invasiveness of genistein using claudin-3 small interfering RNA. Taken together, our results indicate a possible role for genistein as an inhibitor of cancer cell invasion through the tightening of TJs, which may counteract the up-regulation of claudins. In addition, our results indicate that this may be beneficial for the inhibition of tumor metastasis.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.160-170
• /
• 2011

Commercial formulation of fungicides was studied in vitro for sensitivity against Typhula species causal agents of Typhula blight. Efficacies of fungicides application, spray volume, nozzle types and fungicides applied time (early fall and late fall) were evaluated for their influence on the chemical control of Typhula blight of turfgrass during the winter season in Wisconsin. All fungicides effectively reduced the mycelial growth of eight isolates of Typhula spp. in vitro on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. For inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of eight isolates, propiconazole was the most effective at $1.0{\mu}g$ active ingredient (a.i) / ml of PDA. Typhula incarnata two isolates were significantly more sensitive to all fungicides of PDA than six isolates of three varieties of T. ishikariensis. For 2 years in field experiment, unsprayed control has significantly more disease severity than seven fungicides were applied to field plots at two locations. Propiconazole was the most effective for controlling Typhula blight, at two locations in both years. The level of disease control was not dependent on fungicides spray volume or nozzle types at two locations. The disease damage treated with triadimefon applied time (early fall and late fall) was not significantly different at two location for two years.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.11
• /
• pp.6697-6701
• /
• 2013

Objective: To explore the inhibiting effect and mechanism of Endostar injection concomitant with cryoablation on lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenografts in nude mice. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 nude mice with subcutaneous xenografts of the A549 cell line were established and divided into 4 groups when the maximal diameters of tumors became 1 cm: control group, Endostar group, cryoablation group and combination group (Endostar concomitant with cryoablation). The nude mice were sacrificed after 21-days treatment, tumour tissues were removed to measure their volume, in situ test of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was adopted to determine the cellular apoptosis around freezing injury zones, and immunohistochemical SP test was applied for the detection of micro-vessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels. Results: At 21-days after treatment, the growth velocities of control group, Endostar group, cryoablation group and combination group were $236.7{\pm}51.2%$, $220.0{\pm}30.6%$, $159.5{\pm}29.3%$ and $103.3{\pm}25.5%$ (P<0.01), while cellular apoptosis rates of tumors were $21.7{\pm}2.34%$, ($22.17{\pm}1.47$)%, $38.3{\pm}1.37%$ and $49.2{\pm}1.72%$, (P<0.01), respectively, according to the immunohistochemical test. MVD and VEGF expression levels in the combination group were both lower than in other groups (P<0.01), also being positively related (r=0.925, P<0.01). Conclusions: Endostar can significantly improve the inhibitory effects of cryoablation on xenografts of lung adenocarcinoma A549, and the mechanism is probably associated with its function as an inhibitor of tumour neo-angiogenesis through down-regulating VEGF expression.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2013

Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of animals, has several physiological effects including anti-hypertensive, diuretic, tranquilizing, and anti-stress properties, in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate Lactobacillus plantarum K74, which was isolated from kimchi and selected as a strain with a high ability to produce GABA, to develop a new starter culture for fermented milk production. L. plantarum K74 produced $134.52{\mu}g/mL$ GABA in MRS broth containing 1% MSG, $212.27{\mu}g/mL$ GABA in MRS broth containing 2% MSG, and $234.63{\mu}g/mL$ GABA in MRS broth containing 3% MSG. The optimum growth temperature of L. plantarum K74 was $34^{\circ}C$, reaching a pH of 4.4 after 18 hours of growth. L. plantarum K74 was most sensitive to novobiocin out of 16 different antibiotics tested, and was most resistant to kanamycin and polymyxin B. L. plantarum K74 did not produce ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, a carcinogenic enzyme, and was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and low pH. Furthermore, it displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus at rates of 54.9%, 46.3%, and 0.7%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2002

In order to investigate the mechanism of growth inhibition by salt stress, lettuces were grown hydroponically in three different nutrient solutions, normal and 30 mM or 50 mM $KNO_3$-added nutrient solutions, and the electrical conductivities of these solutions were 1.0, 4.5, and 6.5 dS/m, respectively. The activities of plasma and vacuolar $H^+$-ATPases in the root tissue of lettuce were measured by specific inhibitors, 100 ${\mu}M$ vanadate and 50 mM $NO_3^-$, respectively. Microsomal ATPase activity of lettuce grown in the normal nutrient solution was $356\pm1.5$ nmol/min/mg protein. When lettuces were grown in 30 mM and 50 mM $KNO_3$-added nutrient solutions, total activities of microsomal ATPases were increased by 1.6 and 1.9 times, respectively, and the increases were mainly mediated by vacuolar $H^+$-ATPase. These results show that lettuces adapt themselves to salt-stressed condition by increasing the activities of $H^+$-ATPases. Effects of various heavy metal ions were investigated on the microsomal ATPases and various metal ions at 100 $\mu M$ inhibited the activities by 10$\sim$25%. $Cu^{2+}$ showed the highest inhibitory effect on the vacuolar $H^+$-ATPase. These results suggest that lettuce increases the activities of root ATPases, specially that of vacuolar $H^+$-ATPase, in salt-stressed growth conditions and $Cu^{2+}$ could be a useful tool to control the activity of vacuolar $H^+$-ATPase.