• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.451-459
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• 1995

단수수의 만숙과 조숙종인 각품종을 4월 5일, 15, 25일과 5월 5, 15일에 파종하여 품종간의 생육과 간 절위별의 Brix도를 경시적으로 조사하였던 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종기가 늦을수록 출현일수와 출수기간은 단축되었으나 5월 15일 파종에서는 출수기가 오히려 지연되었고 초장은 파종기가 늦어질수록 직선적으로 길어졌으며 조기파종일수록 분벽수는 많은 편이었으나 유효경 비율은 오히려 낮아지는 경향이었다. 2. 절간발육은 지상 제5절까지는 절간장이 급격히 길어지고 그 위로 갈수록 점차 짧아지며 절간직경과 중량은 기부위에서 선단으로 갈수록 가늘고 가벼웠다. 3. 간중의 Brix도는 같은 조사일자에서는 파종기가 늦을수록 낮은 경향이었고 출수전까지는 완만한 증가를 보이다가 출수 직후에는 급격한 증가를 보였으며 후기파종의 경우에는 그 증가속도가 더욱 빠른 편이었다. 4. 간 부위별 Brix도는 출수전까지는 기부위에서 중부, 상부위로 갈수록 높은 편이었으나 출수후 이삭의 고습기까지는 중부위에서 가장 높고 상부위, 기부위 순으로 낮았으며 한 줄기의 절위간에 있어서는 지상으로부터 제6또는 제7절 위의 Brix도가 가장 높았다. 5. Brix도가 15%이상이 되는 시기는 4월 5일부터 5월 5일까지의 파종때는 출수후 40∼45일쯤이었으나 5월 15일 파종때에는 출수후 35일쯤에 이미 17%이상의 Brix도를 나타내어 남부지방의 단수수 파종적기는 5월 15일경이라고 생각되었다. 6. 4월 5일부터 4월 25일까지의 파종에서는 파종후 140일경 즉 출수후 50일경까지도 당원료 이용가치선인 Brix도 15%미만이었으나 5월 5일과 15일 파종에서는 파종후 140일경에 18%내외의 Brix도를 보였다. 7. 당분축적이 왕성할 파종후 130∼140일경에도 강우에 의한 토양수분의 과다는 간중 Brix도를 현저히 낮게 하는 것으로 생각되었으며 만숙종에 비하여 조숙종에서 더욱 예민하게 작용하는 것 같았다. 8. 절간장과 절간직경 및 Brix기간에는 부의 상관관계이며 기타 형질간에는 정의 상관관계가 있었으나 그중 절간직경과 절간중간에는 고도의 정상관관계가 인정되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.296-301
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• 1999

The concerns on the crop damage by ultraviolet (UV) radiations is increasing owing to the decrease of their absorbing stratospheric ozone in the tropospheric. Cultivar differences on early growth of UV radiation among five Korean rice cultivars, four japonica types and one Tongil type (indica-japonica cross hybrid), were studied. Pot-seeded rice plants were grown under four different radiation conditions, i.e., visible radiation only, visible radiation with supplemented with high or low dose of UV-B (280~320 nm in wavelength) and UV-C (less than 280 nm in wavelength). The inhibitory degree on plant height, shoot and root weight and length of leaf blade and leaf sheath were determined at 40 days after seeding. UV-C showed the most severe inhibitory effect on the degree of biomass gain and leaf growth in most cultivars examined, followed by high UV-B and low UV-B. Among the cultivars used, the Kuemobyeo was the most sensitive cultivar and had not repair or showed resistance ability to continued irradiation of UV radiation. However, Janganbyeo and Jaekeon showed different responses that the elongation of leaf blades was promoted on 2nd and 3rd leaves and inhibited on 4th and 5th leaves but this inhibitory degree was reduced on 6 th and 7th leaves. Such tendency on leaf growth means that both cultivars had low sensitivity and most resistant ability to continued irradiation of UV radiation. While Tongil showed different response to enhanced UV radiation, ie., low UV-B promoted leaf growth but the inhibitory was severely increased by continued irradiation of high UV-B and UV-C, which means that Tongil had high threshold of UV radiation for response as an inhibitory light of plant growth. The results of this study indicate that the differences on sensitivity or resistant to the effects of UV radiation were existed among Korean rice cultivars.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 1983

동일벼 품종이라도 이앙기가 다르면 생육소요일수가 현저히 다르나 생육기간을 Growing degree days(GDD)로 표시하면 같은 벼 품종일 때 이앙기에 관계없이 생육기간동안 일정한 GDD로 표시할 수 있는 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 재래종, 일본도입종, 국내육성품종 등 과거 우리나라에서 많이 재배되어 왔던 일반계 16품종과 통일계 14품종을 공시하여 5월 10일부터 6월 29일까지 10일 간격으로 6회에 걸쳐 이앙한 후 이앙에서 출수, 출수에서 성숙까지 소요일수, 적산온도, GDD를 비교하였다. 일반계 품종은 모두 이앙이 늦어질수록 이앙에서 출수까지 일수가 감소하였으나 통일계 품종은 이앙이 늦어질수록 출수소요일수가 계속 감소하거나 6월 9일이나 6월 19일까지는 감소하나 그 이후 이앙시에는 감소하지 않거나 오히려 출수소요일수가 증가하였으며 이앙기에 따른 출수소요일수의 변이가 컸다. 이앙에서 출수까지 기간을 적산온도나 GDD로 표시하면 이앙기간에 출수소요기간의 변이가 소요일수로 나타낸 것 보다 적었으며 GDD간에는 일 최고온도와 최저온도를 더하여 2로 나눈 후 $10^{\circ}C$를 뺀 값을 누적한 것이 가장 효과적이었다. 품종별로는 통일계가 일반계 품종보다, 또 일반계 중에서는 조생종이 중만생종보다 이앙기간 이앙에서 출수까지 GDD의 변이가 적어 GDD의 이용에 더 적합하였다. 출수에서 성숙까지 일수는 출수가 늦어질수록 길어졌으나 그 연장정도는 일반계가 통일계보다 길었고 이앙기간에 등숙일수의 변이가 컸다. 최고온도가 $30^{\circ}C$보다 높을 때는 그 넘는 만큼의 온도를 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 빼서 최고온도를 대치하여 계산한 GDD와 적산온도로 계산한 생육기간이 최고온도를 보정하지 않고 계산한 GDD보다 등숙기간 GDD의 변이가 적었다. 등숙기간을 GDD로 표시하면 일반품종은 출수기에 관계없이 일정한 값을 보였으나 통일계는 이앙이 늦어질수록 등숙에 소요되는 GDD가 감소하였는데 이것은 출수가 늦어지면 립중이 낮아지고 등숙일수가 크게 연장되지 않았기 때문이었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.229-234
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• 1997

Shizandra chinensis(SC) and Pinus regida(PR) showed antimicrobial activity against 3 strains(B-5, D-1, A-1) of lactic acid bacteria(LAB) isolated from kimchi among eight kinds of plant extracts such as Shizandra chinensis, Phellodendron amurense, ornus officinalis, Pinus regida, Allium tuberosum, Machilus thunbergii, Cyperus rotundus and Schizonepeta tenuifloia. The growth of LAB was inhibited apparently in modified MRS broth containing 1% Schizandra chinensis at $35^{\circ}C$. Pinus regida showed weaker inhibitory effect on the growth of isolated LAB than Shizandra chinensis. pH of SC added kimchi did not change greatly compare with control during 25 days of fermentation. Degree of titratable acidity change and ratio of reducing sugar utilization in control were more higher than in SC added kimchi during fermentation. Growth of total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria was inhibited about 1 to 2 $log_10$ cycle by addition of SC extracts during kimchi fermentation for 10 days at $10^{\circ}C$. Fermentation of kimchi was delaved about 5 to 7 days by addition of 1 or 2% of SC. extract, but sensory quality (falvor, taste and overall acceptability) of SC added kimchi was lower than that of control (p>0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.401-410
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• 1993

Day-old male and female broilers obtained from commercial strain (Hubbard) were used in this study. At 7 days of age, all chicks were weighed individually (female 0.11 kg and male 0.12 kg in average) and divided into 5 group of 45 birds each group with no replicate in each treatment group as follows: 1. fed ad libitum; 2. fed 75% ad libitum; 3. fed 65% ad libitum; 4. fed 55% ad libitum; 5. fed 45% ad libitum. Chicks were restricted for 10 days (d 7 through 17) of a 56-day trial. Chicks were fed a commercial starter diet (crude protein (CP) 23.8% and metabolizable energy (ME) 3,070 kcal/kg) for 21 days, and commercial finisher diet (CP 20% and ME 3,160 kcal/kg) from 22 to 56 days of age. When chicks were feed-restricted at an early age, compensatory growth did not immediately occur following refeeding. Body weights of restricted chicks were not equal to the ad libitum chicks before 49 days of age. At 56 dyas of age, body weights of restricted chicks were heavier (p<0.01). Abdominal fat values of female chicks fed ad libitum was not significantly different from those fed 45% to 75% ad libitum. Carcass fat values of restricted female chicks were lower than those of control chicks when female chicks were fed either 55% or 45% ad libitum. Furthermore, feed efficiencies of restricted chicks were better. The response of chicks to early feed restriction might depend on the degree of feed restriction, and sex. Factors contributing carcass fat included energy loss, fat protein ratio of carcass, fatty acid synthesis in the liver and triglyceride content of the liver. The heavier body weights in the restricted chicks might be correlated with the lower growth rate during period of feed restriction.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.869-874
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• 1998

The effect of chitosanoligosaccharide(CTO) on kimchi fermentation was investigated to see the optimal CTO concentration adding into Kimchi. Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were cultured in flasks under the condition of various CTO concentrations. In the case of Lactobacillus plantarium, the growth was inhibited in the degree with 52, 79 and 100% at the concentration of 0.005, 0.007, 0.05% CTO after 14 hours culture, respectively. The growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides was significantly inhibited in the degree with 7,33 and 90% at the concentration of 0.002, 0.003 and 0.004% CTO after the culture, respectively. Kimchi was formulated with variious CTO concentrations(0.005~0.2%) and fermented at 2$0^{\circ}C$ during 12 days. The fermentation periods were increased 2~6 times more than that of control(0% CTO). Also, off-flavour by adding CTO was insignificant in all the kimchi samples.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.889-905
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• 1996

It is known that growth factors function as potent biologic mediators regulating numerous activities of wound healing via cell proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix formation and they also promote periodontal regeneration. But, method of growth factor application is controversial yet. So purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of demineralized root surface as one of method of growth factor application. The ginigival fibroblasts were primary cultured and fifth or sixth subpassages were used in these experiments. In first experiment, root surface blocks demineralized with 100mg/ml tetracycline for 5 minutes and pH 1 citric acid for 3 minutes(experimental groups) and nonteminerilized root surface blocks (control groups) were placed in 100ng/ml PDGF-BB for 5 minutes. Then the cells were seeded on each root surface blocks and cultured for 6, 24, 48, 72 hours. In second experiment, root surface blocks deminerilized with tetracycline and citric acid and nondemineralized root surface blocks were placed in 200ng/ml PDGF-BB for 5 minutes and another non-demineralized root surfcae blocks were placed in DMEM without PDGF-BB. At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 days, the cells were seeded in 24-well plate and using of each eluent, cultured for 72 hours. The results of the four determinants were presented as mean and S.D.. The results were as follows : The attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast on root surface were more increased when PDGF-BB was applicated on root surfrace demineralized with tetracycline or citric acid than non-demineralized root surface. And, in comparision tetracycline with citric acid, there were more attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast on root surface demineralized with tetracycline than citric acid, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast on demineralized root surface was increased time dependently 1 day to 3 days. In second experiment using eluent, proliferation of human gingival fibroblast was more increased to 6 days when human gingival fibroblast was cultured in eluent that PDGF-BB was applicated on demineralized root surface than two control groups, and degree of proliferation was decreased time dependently 1 day to 6 days. Proliferation of human gingival fibroblast cultured in eluent without PDGF-BB was constant 1 day to 6 days. After 6 days, degree of proliferation of human gingival fibroblast was similar in four groups. This means that release duration of PDGF-BB from demineralized root surface is 6 days. And in comparision tetracycline with citric acid, there was more proliferation of human gingival fibroblast in tetracycline-treated group than citric acid. In conclusion, demineralized root surface as primary site for PDGF-BB application, especially demineralized with tetracycline has important roles in attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast, and may be useful clinical applications in periodontal regenerative procedures.

• ALGAE
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2003

Seasonal growth and maturation process of Caulerpa okamurae were investigated in natural populations and in culture. Monthly sampling was carried out by SCUBA diving at Baekunpo, Busan, southeastern coast of Korea from November 1999 to October 2001. Growth of erect branches depended mainly on the water temperature in the natural habitat. Maximum length of erect branches was 14.0 $\pm$ 1.4 cm in June 2001 when the water temperature was 19.7$^{\circ}C$ and minimum was 2.8$\pm$0.2 cm in April when the water temperature was 14.7$^{\circ}C$. Fresh weight of erect branches was 3.9 $\pm$ 0.5 g in June 2001 and 0.2 $\pm$ 0.04 g in September 2000. Biomass of the population was maximum of 922.5 g dw${\cdot}m^{-2}$ in July and minimum of 125.6 g dw${\cdot}m^{-2}$ in April. Gametangial network was observed on the ramuli when the water temperature was over 19$^{\circ}C$ in August 2000 and June 2001. In the culture regime of 4 temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30$^{\circ}C$) and 3 irradiances (20, 50 and 80 $\mu$mol${\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) combination, the maturation of excised erect branches was mainly affected by temperature. Maturation was induced under all irradiance conditions at 20 and 25$^{\circ}C$; under 80 $\mu$mol${\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ at 15$^{\circ}C$; and under 20 $\mu$mol${\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ at 30$^{\circ}C$. The highest rate of maturation was 64% under 20 $\mu$mol${\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ at 25$^{\circ}C$. These results suggested that developmental initiations of C. okamurae occurred at higher than 13$^{\circ}C$ and maturation took about 270 degree-days.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

The study was carried out to investigate water activity, physicochemical properties and color degree of burley tobacco stored in shelf with different moisture content for 56 days. The study was consist of two experimental designs, that is, moisture content in burley tobacco was kept to 13 to 15 %, 17 to 19 %, and 21 to 23 % under ambient temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ with relative humidity of 24 %, and another group of in burley tobacco was only kept in ambient temperature of $3^{\circ}C$ with relative humidity of 50 % for 56 days with same water content of former treatment. Normal leaves were kept for 56 days under 21 to 23% of moisture content with increased water activity and TSNA(tobacco-specific nitrosamine content. It was considered that favorable leaves conditions are due to favorable microbial growth resulting in increased TSNA content. The total nitrogen content has not changed in two experimental groups for 56 days, otherwise the nitrate form nitrogen and total alkaloid contents were only increased by 21 to 23 % of water content. Degree of pH change was slightly decreased in both storage and water treatment. It was more decreased in 21 to 23% of moisture content than that of other moisture content. In stored leaf tobacco, higher moisture content caused lower brightness, yellow degree, and carbonization quotient.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권3호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2016

본 연구는 기후변화가 잣나무의 연륜생장에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 잣나무의 연도별 생장패턴을 분석하기 위해 제5차 국가산림자원조사에서 수집된 연륜생장 자료를 정리하였다. 기후조건의 유사성에 근거한 군집분석 결과 잣나무 분포지역은 5개의 군집의 분류되었다. 시군별로 정리된 1951년부터 2010년까지 60년 동안의 월별 평균기온과 강수량 자료에 근거하여 각 군집의 연도별 생장도일과 표준강수지수를 산출하였다. 이 정보를 이용하여 기후조건이 생장에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 각 군집에 대한 연도별 온도효과지수와 강수효과지수를 추정하였다. 온도효과지수와 강수효과지수의 곱으로 표현되는 독립변수에 의해 연륜생장을 추정할 수 있는 연륜생장 추정식을 군집별로 개발하였다. 이 추정식을 기후변화 시나리오 RCP 4.5와 RCP 8.5에 적용함으로써 기후변화가 군집별 잣나무의 연륜생장에 미치는 영향을 예측하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 잣나무의 지역별 생장특성의 추정뿐만 아니라 기후변화에 따른 생장패턴의 변화 예측에 필요한 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.