• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1782-1788
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• 2003

A mathematical model has been constructed to estimate the amino acid requirements for growing Taihe silky fowls in early stage. A requirement was taken as the sum of the needs for maintenance, for gain in carcass weight without feathers, and for the feathers. The maintenance requirement was considered to be the sum of the needs for replacing skin and intestinal losses and for the obligatory creatinine excretion in the urine. A comparative slaughter trial and nitrogen balance trials with growing and adult Taihe silky fowls, respectively, were conducted to estimate the parameters in the model. The amino acid requirements were then calculated with the constructed models. The results showed as following: the replacement needs for skin nitrogen loss was determined at 213.41 mg/d for adult male fowls (body weight 1.60 kg); creatinine excretion in these birds was 4.04 mg/d. when fed an nitrogen-free diets, the adult male fowls with body weight 1.60 kg excreted a total of 246.10 mg/d endogenous nitrogen. The net protein requirement for maintenance was estimated at $11.24mg/w_g{^{0.75}}/d$Per gram of body weight gain contained 27.18 mg carcass nitrogen for growing birds in early stage, but feathers nitrogen in per gram of body weight gain increased with age. The amino acid requirements for growing Taihe silky fowls were slightly higher than for starting and growing pullets, but lower than that of broiler chicks. The amino acid requirements patterns changed with weeks of age.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.697-715
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• 2023

이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 2학년과 3학년 학생들을 대상으로 패턴에 대한 이해 실태를 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 10개 학교에서 학년별 12학급을 선정하여 2학년 216명과 3학년 223명을 대상으로 46개 문항으로 구성된 검사지를 활용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 2, 3학년 학생들의 패턴에 대한 이해는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는 경우가 대부분이었지만, 예외적으로 패턴의 구조를 파악하기 문항 중 8개의 항에서는 2학년, 2개의 문항에서는 3학년 학생들의 정답률이 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 2, 3학년 학생들이 전반적으로 어려움을 보인 문항의 내용은 하나의 패턴에서 다양한 구성 요소를 탐색하기, 패턴 간 구조를 비교하기, 열린 패턴의 특정한 항을 추측하기였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 2, 3학년 학생들의 패턴에 대한 이해 실태와 추가적인 지도 방안에 대해 논의하였다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.846-852
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• 2012

Pets (such as dogs) are considered as important as family members, this perspective is due to an aging population and the decreased size of the traditional nuclear family. The pet industry has been growing every year; subsequently, is useful to develop practical patterns and designs appropriate for the body structure and movement of pet dogs. However, studies to develop a new form of pet dog's wear patterns and designs are limited. This study develops a basic pattern that is easily used based on a pet dog's size, designs popular clothing items for pet dogs, and helps in the manufactures of pet dog's wear. The results are as follow: 1) Analyzed categories and popular items of pet dog's wear from the research of the prior studies and on-line pet dog shopping malls; three categories (everyday wear, street wear, and special wear) and six items (T-shirt, one-piece, coat, jumper, and dress, tuxedo). 2) Developed the basic bodice pattern and sleeve pattern after test-wearing and revising the experimental patterns referenced from prior studies. 3) Developed patterns and designs for six popular items based on situation and gender: one-piece (everyday wear), coat (street wear), wedding dress (special wear) for female dogs/T-shirt (everyday wear), hood jumper (street wear), tuxedo (special wear) for male dogs. 4) Developed the previous six items to illustrate the research results of the study.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2008

Advanced computer network technology enables computers to be connected in an open network environment. Despite the growing numbers of security threats to networks, most intrusion detection identifies security attacks mainly by detecting misuse using a set of rules based on past hacking patterns. This pattern matching has a high rate of false positives and can not detect new hacking patterns, which makes it vulnerable to previously unidentified attack patterns and variations in attack and increases false negatives. Intrusion detection and analysis technologies are thus required. This paper investigates the asymmetric costs of false errors to enhance the performances the detection systems. The proposed method utilizes the network model to consider the cost ratio of false errors. By comparing false positive errors with false negative errors, this scheme achieved better performance on the view point of both security and system performance objectives. The results of our empirical experiment show that the network model provides high accuracy in detection. In addition, the simulation results show that effectiveness of anomaly traffic detection is enhanced by considering the costs of false errors.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore behavioral patterns on residential spaces such as the patterns of residential space usage and perception on residential spaces. A questionnaire survey and interview were conducted with 426 residents living in apartment with 3 bedrooms, stairway access, and 3-bay style in the City of Seoul, Busan, and Gwangju, during the month of September in 2004. The data was analyzed with frequency, factor analysis by using the SPSS 10.0 for windows, and with proc iml by using SAS. The major findings of this study were that: 1) The most typical activities in the Anbang are $\ulcorner$sleeping and getting dressed$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$family communication and T.V. watching$\lrcorner$, and $\ulcorner$private affairs$\lrcorner$ ; Anbang(master bedroom) has been perceived and used as couple's private area. 2) Living room was used as a multi-purpose room carrying out various activities such as $\ulcorner$family interaction$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$entertaining guest with meals$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$children's private affairs$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$private affairs$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$hobby activities$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$clothes management$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$couple interaction$\lrcorner$, and $\ulcorner$occasions$\lrcorner$. 3) The representative patterns of activities in dining-kitchen was food $\ulcorner$preparation$\lrcorner$, and the need for social interaction in DK has been growing. The patterns of residential space usages can be used to develop and evaluate the unit plan of Korean middle-size apartment.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1969

우리나라 남부지방(南部地方)에 많이 분포(分布)되는 동백나무에 대(對)한 개화기인산(開花期燐酸) 효율(効率)과 체내행동(體內行動)에 대(對)하여 $P^{32}$ 표식인산(標識燐酸)을 사용(使用)하여 추적(追跡)하여 본바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Flower-bud의 P%는 다른 부분(部分)의 약(約) 2배치(倍値)을 시현(示顯)하였고 Root와 Stem은 다같이 동일(同一)한 경시적(經時的) 변화상(變化相)을 나타내였다. 2. 체내이동(體內移動)은 전반적(全般的)으로 봐서 24시간(時間) 내(內)에 일어나는 것 같았으며 인산(燐酸) 함량비(含量比)는 Growing-Point와 Flower-bud가 나머지 3부분(部分)의 합계(合計)와 같은 절반치(切半値)를 점유(占有)하였다. 3. 동백나무의 부분별(部分別) 비방사능(比放射能)은 Growing-point가 가장 현저(顯著)하였고 48시간(時間) 이후(以後)에는 평균(平均) 80%이상(以上)을 해부분(該部分)이 차지하였으며 본(本) 실험(實驗) 결과(結果)에서 얻어진 인산(燐酸)의 효율도(効率度)(이용도(利用度))는 약(約) 19% 정도(程度)로 나타 났다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Fish shows great difference in growth rate between individuals during larval development and early growth. This difference seriously reduces the production efficiency in fish culture. Growth hormone (GH)/Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) system is said to play some pivotal roles in fish growth. In this study, we investigated differences of GH, IGF1 and GHR gene expressions in juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) with different growth performance. Red spotted groupers were reared under the same environmental condition (water temperature $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, natural light) for 96 days after hatching. They were divided into 3 groups by size (fast growing, middle growing and slow growing groups: FGG, MGG, and SGG, respectively). RNA was extracted from the brain, liver and muscle tissues from each group, and target gene expression was examined by real-time PCR. In the brain with pituitary gland, expression of GH gene in FGG was significantly higher than the expression in SGG, but the expression of IGF1 and GHR genes in the muscle was highest in SGG. Difference of GHR and IGF1 mRNA in the liver between groups with different growth performance was less clear than that in other tissues, although level of IGF1 mRNA was higher in SGG than in MGG. These results suggest that hormonal governing of growth is not the same in fast growing and slow growing fish, and size grading could cause a shift of hormonal state and growth pattern in this species.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.175-194
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• 2023

초등학생들을 대상으로 한 패턴 학습의 중요성에 비해 실제 저학년 학생들의 패턴에 대한 이해를 자세히 조사한 연구는 거의 없다. 이에 본 연구는 초등학교 2학년 학생들의 패턴에 대한 이해 실태를 조사하였다. 특히 2학년에서는 규칙 찾기 단원을 통해 패턴에 대한 학습이 이루어지기 때문에 해당 단원의 학습 전과 후의 이해 실태를 비교 분석하였다. 이를 위해 저학년 학생들의 패턴 학습 지도에 대한 선행 연구를 토대로 학생들의 패턴에 대한 이해를 측정할 수 있는 검사 도구를 개발하여, 최종 189명 학생들의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 대부분의 문항에서 사전 검사에 비해 사후 검사에서 정답률이 높게 나와 규칙 찾기 단원의 학습 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 학생들은 기하나 수 패턴에서 두 개의 구성 요소가 동시에 변화하는 규칙 찾기, 구조가 유사한 패턴 찾기, 증가 기하 패턴을 수 패턴으로 바꾸어 표현하기, 증가 패턴에서 빈 항을 구하기, 여러 가지 답이 가능한 패턴의 특정한 항을 추측하기 등에서 어려움을 겪는 것으로 드러났다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 초등학교 저학년 학생들의 패턴 이해 및 지도에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1063-1068
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• 2000

Water treeing in underground distribution power cable is not easy to observe by nondestructive method and it has very complex patterns. This study describes the principles and practices of a continuous observation of initiation and growth of tree in polymeric insulation material using an image measurement technique. Using this technique we could observe water tree and the growing process of electrical tree due to the water tree and the growing process of electrical tree due to the water tree. All of these growing process is analyzed quantitatively by image measurement program composed of borland c++. We fabricated the thin film type specimen to observe water tree easier and also the needle electrode was prepared by etching method using electrolytes. Initiation and the growth of three was observed somewhat different depending on the applied voltage and the water electrode. AgNO$_3$solution electrode accelerates the initiation and the growth of water tree, compared to those of distilled water electrode. The water and the electrical tree occurred by water tree has discontinuous growth characteristic.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

Nine crossbred castrated lambs fitted with rumen and duodenum cannula and fed a diet of hay and concentrate formulated with ground corn and soybean meal as main ingredients were used to assess the duodenal ideal amino acid pattern. Three synthetic amino acid mixtures with different profile of essential amino acids were duodenally infused in order to get three different amino acid patterns flowing into the duodenum. The mixtures were designed to have similar amino acid profile as rumen microbial protein (Pm), casein (Pc) and modified muscle amino acid (Pmm). Results showed a lower urine nitrogen excretion (p=0.05), a higher nitrogen retention (p=0.04) and bodyweight gain with treatment Pmm. The modified muscle amino acid pattern also promoted a lower ratio of Gly to other amino acids in plasma (Gly/OAA) and a higher RNA and RNA/DNA concentration in the liver of the sheep. Meanwhile, the urea concentration in plasma was reduced and the insulin concentration was increased with Pmm treatment. No differences in glucose and growth hormone concentration in plasma were found among three treatments. All results obtained indicate that the modified muscle amino acid pattern (Lys 100%, Met+Cys 39%, Thr 76%, His 41%, Arg 72%, Leu 158%, Ile 81%, Val 105%, Phe 81% and Trp 13%) was the best for growing sheep.