• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제33권8A호
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• pp.794-804
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• 2008

In this paper, we analyze the performance of probabilistic slotted anti-collision algorithm used in EPCglobal Class-1 Generation-2 (Gen2). To increase throughput and system efficiency, and to decrease tag identification time and collision ratio, we propose new tag anti-collision algorithms, which are FAFQ (fired adjustable flamed Q) algorithm and AAFQ (adaptive adjustable framed Q) algorithm, by using QueryAdjust command. We also propose grouping method based on Gen2 to improve the efficiency of tag identification. The simulation results show that all the proposed algorithms outperform Q algorithm, and AAFQ algorithm performs the best. That is, AAFQ has an increment of 5% of system efficiency and a decrement of 4.5% of collision ratio. For FAFQ and AAFQ algorithm, the performance of grouping method is similar to that of ungrouping method. However, for Q algorithm in Gen2, grouping method can increase throughput and system efficiency, and decrease tag identification time and collision ratio compared with ungrouping method.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2005

A top-down approach is known to be a useful and effective technique for the design and analysis of metabolic systems. In this Study, we have constructed a grouped metabolic network for Lactococcus lactis under aerobic conditions using grouped enzyme kinetics. To test the usefulness of grouping work, a non-grouped system and grouped systems were compared quantitatively with each other. Here, grouped Systems were designed as two groups according to the extent of grouping. The overall simulated flux values in grouped and non-grouped models had pretty similar distribution trends, but the details on flux ratio at the pyruvate branch point showed a little difference. This result indicates that our grouping technique can be used as a good model for complicated metabolic networks, however, for detailed analysis of metabolic network, a more robust mechanism Should be considered. In addition to the data for the pyruvate branch point analysis, Some major flux control coefficients were obtained in this research.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2008

First, this paper compute difference value between frames using the composed method of $X^2$ histogram and color histogram and the normalization. Next, cluster representative frame was decided by using the clustering for distance and the k-mean grouping. Finally, representative frame of group was decided by using the likelihood ratio. Proposed method can be known by experiment as outstanding of detection rather than other methods, due to computing of difference value, clustering and grouping, and detecting of representative frame.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 11th (KACC); Pohang, Korea; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.279-282
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• 1996

The authors have already proposed a method for grouping of inputs of a logical circuit under test (LCUT) by use of M-sequence correlation. We call this method as input grouping (IG) method. In this paper, the authors propose a new method to estimate the faulty part in the circuit by use of IG when some information on the candidate of faulty part can be obtained beforehand. The relationship between IG and fault probabilities of a LCUT, and undetected fault ratios are investigated for various cases. Especially the investigation was made in case where the IG was calculated by use of n correlation functions (I $G_{inp}$). From the theoretical study and simulation results it is shown that the estimation error ratio of fault probabilities and undetected fault ratio of LCUT are sufficiently small even when only a part of correlation functions are used. It is shown that the number of correlation functions which are to be memorized to calculate IG can be considerably reducible from 2$^{n}$ - 1 to n by use of I $G_{inp}$. So this method would be very useful for a fault diagnosis of actual logic circuit.uit.

• Journal of KIISE
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• 제43권8호
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• pp.883-892
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• 2016

Spectrum-based fault localization (SFL) method assigns a suspicious ratio. The statement is strongly affected by a failed test case compared to a passed test case. A failed test case assigns a suspicious ratio while a passed test case reduces some parts of assigned suspicious ratio. In the absence of a failed test case, it is impossible to localize the fault. Thus, a failed test case is very important for fault localization. However, spectrum-based fault localization has difficulty in reflecting the unique characteristics of a failed test because a failed test case and a passed test case are input at the same time to calculate a suspicious ratio. This paper supplements for this limitation and suggests a test case grouping method for more accurate fault localization. In addition, this paper suggested a filtering method considering test efficiency and verified the effectiveness by applying 65 algorithms. In 90 % of whole methods, the accuracy was improved by 13% and the effectiveness was improved by 72% based on EXAM score.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• 제12C권4호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2005

The conventional OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation can be combined with WHT (Walsh-Hadamard Transform) to reduce PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) and improve BER (Bit Error Rate) performance. However, this WHT-based OFDM system still suffers a relatively high PAPR. Therefore, we suggest a new technique, called DGT (Data Grouping Technique) and design an OFDM system employing it and WHT to further decrease PAPR without the BER performance degradation. h salient property of DGT is the independence of the side information which is inherently a principal drawback of the well-known PAPR reduction techniques for OFDM system as well as WHT-based OFDM. The simulation programs have been also performed to verify the validity of the proposed system.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose and analyze a new scheme which uses the same scramble codes to each group after symbol grouping to reduce the PAPR (peak-to-avenge power ratio) problem in OFDM system. The conventional SLM scheme randomizes OFDM symbols entered into IFFT block by several scramble codes and then transmits the lowest one among PAPRs. Therefore, the SLM scheme can reduce the additional information as many as the number of grouped OFDM symbols by using same scramble codes after M grouping of sub-carriers. It can also improve PAPR performance more than conventional SLM scheme when we use scramble codes as same as those numbers of SLM scheme.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2014

The level of service (LOS) of the Highway Capacity Manual (KHCM) has been used as a basic criterion at decision making processes for signalized intersections in Korea. The KHCM provides five steps for the signalized intersection analysis. Among them, lane grouping, which is the third step, significantly influence the final LOS. The current method presented in the KHCM, however, classifies a shared lane as a de facto turning lane group, even though the turning traffic of the shared lane is few. Thus, this research was initiated to provide an alternative. To this end, three alternatives were suggested, including the method based on the lane grouping presented in the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual, the method using turning ratio of shared turning lane, and the method using a threshold traffic volume in lane grouping. The feasibilities of the three methods were evaluated using a calibrated CORSIM model. Conclusively, the method using a threshold traffic volume in lane grouping outperformed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new peer grouping scheme to consider locality among peers using TTL values in P2P-based IPTV systems. This scheme can select neighbor peers to minimize the number of intermediate routers between each pair of peers. Thus, it can save the network bandwidth as much as the amount of data that the reduced number of routers should transmit In addition, we have conducted various simulation experiments to show that our proposed TTL-based peer grouping scheme can outperform the conventional RTT-based grouping scheme. The experimental results show that our proposed scheme can reduce the jitter ratio as well as the number of data and control packets that all routers should transmit.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.951-959
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• 2020

This study aimed to re-establish the conservation area reflecting landscape ecological value through scenario program, targeting Odaesan National Park. The basic data were mapped in watershed planning units, which were set considering topographical and ecological values. The framework of Marxan with Zones, using an indexation process, was using the mapped indicators. Each best solution according to the scenarios was assessed through sensitivity analysis, and a final solution was selected among the best solutions, considering criteria including area ratio of conservation area and grouping. Lastly, the final solution was verified in the overlap analysis with recent zonation. As a result, through the framework of Marxan with Zones, the best solution of scenario 1, which was set by the highest conservation criteria was selected as the final solution, and the area ratio of conservation area and grouping was excellent. As for the overlap analysis, the suggested conservation area was improved compared to recent zonation in terms of the area ratio (39.4%), biotope grade I (35.6%) and the distribution points (7 places) of legally protected species.