• 제목/요약/키워드: group-counting

검색결과 202건 처리시간 0.029초

Evaluation of a Parent Training Program for Promoting Filipino Young Children's Number Sense with Number Card Games

  • Cheung, Sum Kwing;McBride-Chang, Catherine
    • Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.39-49
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    • 2015
  • Not all parents are skilled in scaffolding their young children's numeracy learning. The present study investigated the effectiveness of a parent training program in promoting Filipino young children's number sense via card game playing at home. Participants were 161 young children and their parents; families were of a relatively low socioeconomic status. During the 10-week intervention period, parents in the experimental group received training on how to use number game cards to help their children acquire various numeracy concepts; parents in the control group received no special instructions. Children in the experimental group showed greater improvements in their performance on six number sense tasks (namely numeral identification, object counting, rote counting, missing number, numerical magnitude comparison, and addition) over the intervention period than did children in the control group. Findings of the present study suggest that providing simple training to parents on strategies for fostering their young children's number sense at home is important for giving children a good early start in basic number knowledge.

일부 중년 여성에서 구령 유무에 따른 가슴압박소생술의 질과 피로도 비교 (Comparison on the Quality and fatigue of hands-Only CPR According to the Presence or Absence of Verbal counting by Some Middle-aged Women)

  • 김건남;최성수;최성우
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.1320-1329
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    • 2013
  • 일반인 중 심정지를 목격할 가능성이 가장 높은 중년층 여성들을 대상으로 숫자를 세는 방법에 따른 가슴압박소생술의 질과 피로도를 비교하여 최초반응자로서의 역할을 위한 심폐소생술 교육 프로그램을 마련하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 3시간의 기본인명구조술 교육을 실시한 후, 확률할당을 통해 45명씩 두 그룹으로 배정하였다. 가슴압박소생술 도중 큰소리로 숫자를 세는 그룹 A, 숫자를 세지 않는 그룹 B로 나누어 인체모형에 2분간의 연구를 진행 하였다. 두 그룹간 가슴압박의 질은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않으면서 가슴압박의 중단시간이 단축되었고, 시간의 경과에 따라 흉부압박의 깊이가 줄어드는 빈도 또한 의미 있게 낮았다. 또한 가슴압박소생술 후 본인이 느끼는 피로도 또한 의미 있게 낮았다.

저자동시인용분석을 위한 복수저자 기여도 산정 방식의 비교 분석 (A Comparative Analysis on Multiple Authorship Counting for Author Co-citation Analysis)

  • 이재윤;정은경
    • 정보관리학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.57-77
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    • 2014
  • 학문연구에서 공저가 빈번해짐에 따라서 저자 단위의 지적 구조 분석을 수행할 때 복수저자의 기여도 산정 방식이 중요한 고려사항이 되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 복수저자 기여도 산식에 따른 상관분석, 다차원척도법, 패스파인더 네트워크의 차이를 비교 분석해보았다. <한국건축학회지: 계획계>에 2003년부터 2008년까지 발표된 2,014편의 논문을 대상으로 여섯 가지 복수저자 기여도 산식을 적용해보았다. 첫째는 제1저자만 고려하는 산식(m1), 둘째는 모든 공저자 대등 산식(m2), 셋째는 균등분할 산식(m3), 넷째는 합계 1이 되는 차등 산식(m4), 다섯째는 합계 1 이상 2 이하가 되는 차등 산식(m5), 여섯째는 제1저자 가중 산식(m6)이다. 이중에서 m1은 제1저자 이외의 공저자를 모두 무시하는 반면 m2는 제1저자와 다른 공저자를 동등하게 기여도가 1인 저자로 취급하므로 두 산식이 가장 양 극단의 방식인 것으로 분석되었다. 상관분석과 다차원척도분석을 수행할 때 m1을 제외한 다섯가지 산식(m2~m6)의 결과를 비교해본 결과 m3, m4, m5는 상대적으로 유사한 결과를 도출하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 패스파인더 네트워크로 지적 구조를 시각화한 결과에서는 복수저자 기여도 산식을 달리함에 따라 변경되는 한 두 링크의 차이가 전체 네트워크 구조의 현저한 차이를 낳을 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 저자 군집에 대한 내적 타당도 측정 결과에서는 제1저자 가중 산식(m6)이 좋은 성능을 보였다. 비교 분석 결과 여섯 가지 복수저자 기여도 산정 방식 중 유사한 방식들을 구분할 수 있었으며, 특히 지적 구조를 네트워크로 표현하는 경우에 산정 방식의 차이가 더 큰 영향을 끼치는 것으로 드러났다.

Comparison of CPR Results And Muscle Fatigue According to Chest Compression Performer's Own Breathing Method

  • Jun-Ho Jung
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제28권12호
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    • pp.175-182
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구는 세 집단의 심폐소생술 결과와 근피로도를 비교 분석하였다. 마네킹의 가슴압박을 할 때 큰 소리를 내어서 숫자를 세는 집단(A그룹), 숫자를 세지 않으며 자율호흡을 하는 집단(B그룹), 숫자를 세지 않으며 복식호흡을 하는 집단(C그룹)이다. 각 그룹에 12명씩의 인원을 배정하였고 5분간의 가슴압박을 시행한 후 심폐소생술 결과를 마네킹과 연결된 프로그램으로 분석하고 시행자의 근피로도를 무선근전도로 분석하였다. 가장 효율적인 방법은 B그룹으로 나타났다. 정상 범위 내에서 압박의 속도와 깊이만을 본다면 C그룹이 더 효율적일 것이나 B그룹이 근피로도가 현저히 낮게 나타났으며 A그룹은 흉부압박의 깊이에서 정상범위에 미치지 못했고 근피로도는 가장 높게 나타났다. 손의 위치 정확도 또한 B그룹이 가장 정확한 것으로 나타나 흉부압박에 대한 집중력을 유지하는 것에도 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다.

뇌졸중 환자에서 이중 과제로서의 산술 과제 난이도가 보행에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Arithmetic Task Difficulty level as a Dual Task on the Gait in Post-stroke Patient)

  • 김민숙;구봉오
    • PNF and Movement
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 2009
  • Many daily activities require people to complete a motor task while walking. Substantial gait decrements during simultaneous attention to a variety of cognitive tasks have been shown by a group of severely injured neurological patients of mixed etiology. And previous studies have shown that the attentional load of a walking-associated task increased with its level of difficulty. The purpose of this study was to analyze subjects' gait changes are affected by the effects of arithmetic task difficulty and performance level. Participants performed a walking task alone, three different Arithmetic tasks while seated, and among them, two kinds of the simillar Arithmetic tasks in combination with walking. Reaction time and accuracy were recorded for two of the Arithmetic tasks. The mean values of the gait were measured using a Timed Up and Go test among 11 with post-stroke patients while walking with and without forward counting (WFC) and backward counting(WBC).There was significant Arithmetic Task Difficulty level between the 10-forward counting task condition(FC) and the 10-backward counting task condition(BC)(p=0.008). The mean values of T.U.G time were significantly higher under backward counting dual-task condition than during a simple walking task(p=0.009) and WFC(p=0.009). The change in T.U.G time during WFC was higher when compared with the change during a simple walking, but there was no significant difference (p=0.246). This study suggesting that a high interference could be linked with a high level of difficulty, whereas adaptive task enabled participants to perfectly share their attention between two concurrent tasks. Future research should determine whether dual task training can reduce gait decrements in dual task situations in people after stroke. And the dual-task-based exercise program is feasible and beneficial for improving walking ability in subjects with stroke.

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차원계수방식에 의한 다차원적 빈곤 측정 (Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty by Counting Approach)

  • 최균;서병수;권종희
    • 한국사회복지학
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    • 제63권1호
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    • pp.85-111
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    • 2011
  • 다차원적 빈곤접근에 있어 빈자의 구분방식에는 복합지수방식, 합집합 및 교집합방식이 있는데 이들 방식들은 타당하지 않은 문제들이 있었다. Alkire와 Foster는 이 문제를 해소하는 방법으로 합집합과 교집합의 중간 형태로서 결핍차원들의 개수를 경계선으로 이용하는 차원계수방식을 이론화하였다. 차원계수방식에 의해 우리나라의 다차원적 빈곤을 측정한 결과, 3개 결핍차원을 정책적 차원빈곤선으로 하는 경우 다차원적 빈곤율은 20% 수준으로서 10명 중 2명이 다차원적으로 빈곤하였다. 다차원적 빈곤율이 높은 것은 자산, 소득, 사회보장, 건강 등 여러 차원으로 결핍의 폭이 넓은데 기인하였다. 여성, 한 부모, 노인, 비경제활동인구 등 취약계층일수록 다차원 빈곤의 폭이 넓고 가중되고 있었다. 연구결과 현행 기초생활보장제도가 탈 빈곤유도와 기초생활보장이라는 두 가지 정책목표를 각각 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 근로능력 유무에 따라 수급자선정과 지원체제를 이원화하고 차원계수방식을 적용하는 것이 유용하다고 본다.

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CHEST WALL THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS AND THE DOSIMETRIC IMPLICATIONS FOR MALE RADIATION WORKERS AT THE KAERI

  • Lee, Tae-Young;Lee, Jong-Il;Chang, Si-Young;Kim, Jong-Kyung
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.299-303
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    • 2001
  • Using ultrasound techniques, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute has measured chest wall thicknesses of a group of male workers at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. A site-specific biometric equation has been developed for these workers. Chest wall thickness is an important modifier on lung counting efficiency. These data have been put into the perspective of the ICRP recommended dose limits for occupationally exposed workers: 100 mSv in a 5-year period with a maximum of 50 mSv in anyone year. For measured chest wall thicknesses of 1.9 cm to 4.1 cm and a 30 min counting time, the achievable MDAs for natural uranium in the KAERI lung counter vary from 5.75 mg to 11.28 mg. These values are close to, or even exceed, the predicted amounts of natural uranium that will remain in the lung (absorption type M and S) after an intake equal to the Annual Limit on Intake corresponding to a committed dose of 20 mSv. This paper shows that the KAERI lung counter probably cannot detect an intake of Type S natural uranium in a worker with a chest wall thickness equal to the average value (2.7 cm) under routine counting conditions.

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Small Sample Study of Kernel Hazard Ratio Estimator

  • Choi, Myong-Hui
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.59-74
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    • 1994
  • The hazard ratio may be useful as a descriptive measure to compare the hazard experience of a treatment group with that of a control group. In this paper, we propose a kernel estimator of hazard ratio with censored survival data. The uniform consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator are proved by using counting process approach. In order to assess the performance of the proposed estimator, we compare the kernel estimator with Cox estimator and the generalized rank estimators of hazard ratio in terms of MSE by Monte Carlo simulation.

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위험비(危險比)의 커널추정량(推定量) (A Kernel Estimator of Hazard Ratio)

  • 최명희;이인석;송재기
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.79-90
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    • 1992
  • We consider hazard ratio as a descriptive measure to compare the hazard experience of a treatment group with that of a control group with censored survival data. In this paper, we propose a kernel estimator of hazard ratio. The uniform consistency and asymptotic normality of a kernel estimator are proved by using counting process approach via martingale theory and stochastic integrals.

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임플란트 표면에 따른 인공치면세균막 형성에 관한 연구 (THE STUDY OF THE DENTAL PLAQUE FORMATION ON DIFFERENT IMPLANT SURFACES)

  • 김진우;한세진;김경욱
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.325-340
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the artificial dental plaque by Streptococcus mutans on 4 different implant surfaces. In this study, the specimens were divided into 4 groups according to implant surface treatment. Uncoated implant group(n=5) which has an uncoated, smooth surfaced implant(Osstem, Korea), SLA implant group(n=5) which has an sandblasted large grit and acid-etched surface implant(Bicon, USA). Oxidized implant group(n=5) which has an oxidized surfaced implant (Osstem, Korea), and RBM implant group(n=5) which has resorbable blasting media(RBM) surfaced implant(Osstem, Korea). Acquired pellicle by human saliva and dental plaque by Streptococcus mutans were made on each implant surface. To analyze the plaque condition on implants surfaces, cell count and optical density were taken as a microbiologic method, and SEM(Scanning Electronic Microscope) findings was also taken for evaluation of surface condition. The following results were obtained. 1. Cell counting results of artificial dental plaque were Uncoated group($658.0{\pm}102.0$), RBM group($878.0{\pm}170.0$), SLA group ($946.0{\pm}42.0$), Oxidized group($992.0{\pm}40.0$), and there was difference between Oxidized group and Uncoated implant group(p<0.05). In case of modified cell counting results by v/w% were RBM group($197.8{\pm}45.2$), Oxidized group($207.04{\pm}8.34$), Uncoated group($261.6{\pm}40.6$), SLA group($315.4{\pm}14.0$), and there was difference between RBM group and SLA group(p<0.05). 2. Optical density results of artificial dental plaque after ultrasonic treatment was that there was difference among groups, and optical density of RBM group was higher than that of Uncoated group(p<0.05). In case of modified optical density results by v/w%, there was difference among groups, and the modified optical density of Uncoated group and SLA group was higher than those of Oxidized group and RBM group(P>0.05). 3. SEM findings of artificial dental plaque on the surfaces of implant as follows; there were artificial dental plaque on the surfaces of all test implants. Streptococcus mutans and by-product were observed at 10,000 times magnified condition on all test implants. Adhesion area of artificial dental plaque was about 1/2 of total surface after 24 hours incubate at $37^{\circ}C$. These results showed that there were differences among implant surfaces on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, and bacteria and by-product were covered about 1/2 area of total implant surfaces at 24 hours incubate at $37^{\circ}C$.