• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.159-166
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were analysed fatigue character of lumbar extension Muscle during repeated trunk flexion-extension motion we used EMG multi-telemeter (WEB 5000, Nihon Koden, Japan), Medex lumbar extension machine(Ocala, USA). We evaluated 20 persons on chronic low back pain group and 20 persons on control group. We analysed the quantitative variables IMF, MF, decreased ratios of MF to investigate fatigue. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn : 1. Each lumbar IMF of CLBP was L5> L3> L1 in the order of their size. CON group was similar quantitative and same order. But the relationship of two groups were not significantly. 2 The IMF within lumbar position(L1-L3, L1-L5, L3-L5) of two groups was significantly all positions(p<.05). 3. The MF shifting at lumbar position of two groups during repeated trunk flexion-extension motion was decrease shifting pattern with increase repeating motion, especially CLBP group was suddenly dropping than CON at all lumbar positions(L1, L3, L5) on early stage motion(34 set). 4. The lumbar fatigue of CLBP was higher than CON during repeated trunk flexion-extention motion, so CLBP supposed more tired than CON. And it was significantly within two groups at lumbar positions(L1, L3 : p<.05, L5 : P<.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.10
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• pp.89-103
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of dominant brand, the quality variation among brands in the extension product category and the self-construals on consumer's attitude about extension products. The experimental design consist of three-way complex factors and 226 subjects participated for the study. The results showed that when there was fashion brand extension, whether or not there was an existing dominant brand in the extension product category, the quality variation among brands in the extension product category and the types of self-construals had a significant interaction effect on their favorableness and intention to purchase the extension products. Regardless of an existing dominant brand however, the group who had an interdependent self-construal showed higher favorableness and intention to purchase the extension products when the quality variation among brands in the extension product category was lower than when it was high, whereas the group who had an independent self-construal showed no significant difference of the favorableness and intention to purchase the extension products.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.207-210
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• 2010

An Asiatic lily (Lilium spp.) cultivar 'Onnuri' for cut and pot flower was developed in 2006 at Jeollabukdo Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Iksan, Korea. The cross was made in 1999 between 'Avignon', orange colored, and 'Nove Cento', yellow colored. A line was preliminarily selected as 'A99-6-48' by reason of stable flower color and shape among germinated seedlings. It had been multiplicated through in vitro culture and then bulbed on field during 2002~2003. After characteristics were investigated from 2004 to 2005, finally it was named as an 'Onnuri' in 2006. Flower of 'Onnuri' belongs to orange-red group with its center shown orange group. Plant height is 92.8 cm, flower size is medium as 13.8 cm. Stigma color is red-brown and blooming direction is upward-facing. Flowering time is mid-June.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.18 no.1_2
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• pp.657-663
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• 2005

In this paper, we consider groups of permutations S on a set A acting on subsets X of A. In particular, we show that if $X_2{\subseteq}X_1{\subseteq}A$ and Y is an S-normal extension of $X_2 in X_1$, then the Galois group $G_{S}(X_1/Y){\;}of{\;}X_1{\;}over{\;}X_2$ relative to S is an S-closed subgroup of $G_{S}(X_1/X_2)$ in the setting of a Galois theory (correspondence) for this situation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to measure the change of strength of trunk flexion and extension on abdominal and back muscles. Methods : Each taping group 1(n=14), taping group 2(n=14), taping group 3(n=14) and control group(n=15) were measured a muscle strength by Biodex at first test, second test, third test and forth test in 3 days. Results : The strength of trunk flexion and extension was significantly different among the experimental groups (p<.05). It also shows that significant increasing of muscle strength at 48 hours after application of taping (p<.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, we were found that taping technique base on taping type show immediately assistance of muscle strength and enduring effect for 48 hours.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leg extension exercises performed on outdoor resistance exercise machines on knee extension muscle strength and quadriceps muscle group cross sectional area (CSA) in elderly women. Two groups were recruited for this study, including an exercise group (EG: n=13, $71.38{\pm}2.79$ yrs) and a control group (CG: n=5, $73.4{\pm}5.94$), In all subjects, maximum isometric and isokinetic muscle strength of knee flexion and extension were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex(R) Humac Norm Testing & Rehabilitation System, USA). Quadriceps muscle group CSA were measured using MRI (Philps, Intera 1.5 T, NE Netherlands). The results of this study showed that post-intervention isometric knee extension peak torque value were higher than pre-intervention measures in the EG. However, the EG did not show improvement in quadriceps muscle group CSA, Also, no differences in the shift of optimal knee joint angle were observed between pre and post-intervention exercise. Outdoor leg extension exercise showed small increases in muscle strength in comparison to other resistance training exercises. The results of this study suggest that because outdoor leg extension exercise machines lack a progressive loading mechanism, significant increases in muscle strength may not be obtained.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2000

To provide highly available services in the distributed object system, it is required to support the object group. The state machine approach and primary-backup approach are proposed as two representative approaches for support of object group. The primary-backup approach does not only give merits such as transparency of object group and non-deterministic execution but also require less resource than state machine approach. This paper describes an extension of CORBA that is required to support of the primary-backup object group. In this paper, the state of backup is synchronized with primary through the atomic multicast protocol whenever the request of client is executed at primary. As a result, it does not require message logging and check pointing. The object group of this paper also provides fast response time in case of failure of the primary since it makes primary election unnecessary. And through an extension of IDL, it makes possible to avoid consistency control depending on characteristic of application. A prototype has been implemented and the performance of object group has been compared with a single object invocation.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.527-548
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to suggest the developmental tasks for the successful fostering the Farmer's Study Group which have been guided by the agricultural extension work since 1994 in Korea. The 3,278 farmers study groups with 148,420 memberships have been organized in field of grains, cash crop, horticulture, livestock, improving living conditions, food processing and so on. Although the number of study groups have rapidly expanded, there also are tasks to be secured for their successful development in terms of (a) desirable phase of the study groups and goals of its fostering, (b) managements / administration of them, (c) long-term tasks to be reviewed. With regard to the desirable phase of the study groups and goals of its fostering, they should secure differential mission and the way of works compare to the other farmer's groups. Also, there should be consensus on the proper number of study groups to be fostered with a agricultural technical center at local level. With regard to the managements / administration of the study groups, there should be the different support, assistance and guidance according to the developmental level of the groups. For these, there should be evaluation works on the groups, and guidance manuals for the extension workers. Also extension works should facilitate the establishment of networks among groups over the counties. Finally, to establish the nationwide association in hierarchy and to make the cooperative works with similar farmer's group, doing the value-added activities rather than mere information exchange, and the introduction of capacity building programs for the extension workers are long-term tasks needed to review for the successful fostering study groups.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Purposes : The purpose of this study was to measurement the change of cervical and lumbar range of motion according to plantar surface compliance in standing status. Method : The thirty normal adult(15men and 15women) aged between 20 and 35 were assigned to 3 group: first, in bottom piece shoe plantar form not changed the control group, the fore foot which was hard and the rear foot was soft the FHRS Group, the fore foot which was soft and the rear foot was hard the FSRH Group. The cervical and lumbar Range of motion was examined before and after adaptation with corresponding form types Results : This study investigated the change which appears when it will be soft and hard to be. As a result, FHRS group the cervical extension and lumbar flexion increased and the cervical flexion and lumbar extension decreased(p<0.05). In opposition, the FSRH group the cervical flexion and lumbar extension increased and the cervical extension and lumbar flexion decreased(p<0.05).

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.157-169
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• 1999

For a k-connected inverse system $({\scr{X}},\;*)=((X_{\lambda},\;*),p_{{\lambda}{{\lambda}}^{\prime}},\;{\Lambda})$ of pointed topological spaces and pointed preserving weak fibrations, inducting epimorphic chain maps, over a directed set, we show that the homotopy group ${\pi}_k(lim{\scr{X}},\;*)$ of the inverse limit is isomorphic to the integral homology group $$H_k(lim{\scr{X}};\mathbb{Z})$. Using the result of S. $Marde{\check{s}}i{\acute{c}}$, we prove that the group of pure extension $Pext(colimH^n({\scr{X}},\;A)$ is isomorphic to the group of extension $Ext({\Delta}({\lambda}),\;Hom(H^n({\scr{X}}),\;A))$.