• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.169-181
• /
• 2000

Purpose: To investigate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/4 during eary tooth development after irradiation and calcium-deficient diet. Materials and Methods: The pregnant three-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. The control group was non-irradiation/normal diet group (Group 1), and the experimental groups were irradiation/normal diet group (Group 2) and irradiation/calcium-deficient diet group (Group 3). The abdomen of the rats at the 9th day of pregnancy were irradiated with single dose of 350 cGy. The rat pups were sacrificed at embryonic 18 days, 3 days and 14 days after delivery and the maxillae tooth germs were taken. The tissue sections of specimen were stained immunohisto-chemically with anti-BMP-2/4 antibody. Results: At embryo-18 days, immunoreacivity for BMP-2/4 of the Group 1 was modetate in stratum intermedium of dental organ and weak in dental papilla and dental follicle, but that of Group 2 was weak in cell layer of dental organ, and no immunoreacivity was shown in dental papilla and dental follice of Group 2 and in all tissue components of the Group 3. At postnatal-3 days, immunoreacivity for BMP-2/4 of the Group 1 was strong in cell layer of dental organ, odontoblasts and developing alveolar bone, but that of Group of 2 and Group 3 was weak in odontoblasts and developing alveolar bone. At postnatal-14 days, immunoreacivity for BMP-2/4 of the Group 1 was strong in newly formed cementum, alveolar bone and odontoblasts, but that of Group 2 was weaker than that of Group 1. In the Group 3, tooth forming cell layer showed weak immunoreactivity, but other cell layers showed no immunoreactivity. Couclusion : The expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/4 during early tooth development was disturbed after irradiation and calcium-deficient diet.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.5-19
• /
• 1989

The purpose of this study was to observe the microleakage of composite resin filling using several glass ionomer cements. The Class V cavities of eighty noncarious human molars were prepared at the cementoenamel juction on the facial and lingual surfaces of each tooth with a No.330 carbide bur in a high speed handpiece. The cavity dimensions were $3.0{\pm}0.5mm$ wide, $2.0{\pm}0.5mm$ high, and $1.5{\pm}0.5mm$ deep and all enamel cavosurface margins were beveled with a No.558 carbide bur in low speed handpiece. The bevel was approximately $45^{\circ}$ and 0.5-1.0mm in width. A total of the 160 cavities was divided into four groups, and then 144 cavities among them were three experimental groups and remaining sixteen cavities were control group. All of the prepared cavities were restored as follows: group 1 : Preparations were restored with there three glass ionomer cements. group 2 : Preparations were restored with a composite resin with three glass ionomer cement bases placed $0.2{\pm}0.1mm$ short of the cavosurface margin. group 3 : Preparations were restored with a composite resin with three glass ionomer cement bases extened to the cavosurface margin. group 4 : As control group, preparations were restored with a composite resin, PALFIQUE. The specimens were then thermocycled in a range of $6^{\circ}C-60^{\circ}C$ and immersed in a bath of 2.0% aqueous basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. Dye penetration was read on a scale of 0 to 4 by Tani and Buonocore's method. The following conclusions were derived from the results obtained; 1. All groups showed significantly more leakage at the gingival margins than at the occlusal margins(p<0.0005). 2. At the gingival margins, group 1 showed less leakage than group 3(p<0.01) and group 4(p<0.0005), while group 3 exhibited less leakage than group 2(p<0.01) and group 4(p<0.0005). 3. At the occlusal margins, group 4 showed less leakage than group 3(p<0.1) and group 1(p<0.005), while group 3 exhibited less leakage than group 2(p>0.1) and group 1(p<0.025).

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study were to assess the effect on health promotion behavior of health instruction in elementary school and to provide a basis of school health education. Subjects of this study were random sampled 80 students for control group in elementary 6th grade students. the treatment group systematically studied five sphere instruction: individual hygiene, disease prevention, first-aid & safety, oral health, health & nutrition in two hours a week, from April 20, till July 10. Each group was pre-tested and post-tested by health behavior promotion questionnaire. The conclusions as follows; 1. Compare analysis of control group and treatment group in the pre-test according to health condition of children were no significant difference physical health condition, health anxiety, disease-absent(P>.05). 2. Health promotion behaviors in the post-test according to concern quotient significantly correlated with individual hygiene(r=.249, P<.05), disease prevention(r=.477, P<.01), oral health(r=.228, P<.05), health & nutrition(r=.323, P<.01) in the treatment group, on the contrary the disease prevention, first-aid & safety, oral health, health & nutrition(P>.05). 3. The difference of health promotion behavior within & between group were as follow; 1) The difference of individual health hygiene with in the treatment group was significant in pre-post test, the comparison of the two groups was significant difference in post-test(treatment group: $3.965{\pm}.568$, control group: $3.645{\pm}.573$). 2) The difference of disease prevention with in the treatment group was significant in pre-post test, the comparison of the two groups was significant difference in post-test(t group : $3.475{\pm}.619$, c group: $3.964{\pm}.600$). 3) The difference of first-aid & safety with in the treatment group was significant in pre-post test, the comparison of the two groups was significant difference in post-test(t group : $3.700{\pm}.466$, c group: $4.140{\pm}.545$). 4) The difference of oral health with in the treatment group was significant in pre-post test, the comparison of the two groups was significant difference in post-test(t group: $3.163{\pm}.665$, c group: $3.753{\pm}.544$). 5) The difference of health & nutrition with in the treatment group was significant in pre-post test, the comparison of the two groups was significant difference in post-test(t group : $3.255{\pm}.515$, c group: $3.698{\pm}.558$).

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.467-491
• /
• 1995

In order to analyze the occlusin of intercuspation with maximun bite force, fifteen healthy adult subjects with the ages 23 to 27 were studied(Group1 ; 5-normal occlusion with Angle's Class1, Group2 ; 5-Angle's Class2 malocclusion, Group3 ; 5-Angle’s Class3 malocclusion). Head Position was fixed with occlusal plane paralleling to horizontal line and occlusal registration r cord was made with polyether rubber impression material(Ramitec, ESPECo. West Germany). After all subject were trained for maximum intercuspation at least 5 times, occlusal registration procedure was repeated for this study. Lower posterior rubber occlusal registration records were sliced with 1mm thickness using precision metal sliding channel(Hitachi Ind. Co., Japan). Gross sectional drawings were traced from occluding view of upper and lower posterior teeth on the rubber slices using digitizer, and superimposed for the determination of each drawing distance(Superimposed Rubber Pattern Method). Based on superimposed rubber pattern drawings, total area of occlusal view, sum of each area of the 5 divided occlusal contact provinces and its ratio, total area and number of occlusal contact area were determined to elucidate occlusal stability in the normal and abnormal occlusion groups. The data were analysed by t-test(p=0.05) to determine statistical significance. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Group1 showed the largest standard area with occlusal view of the lower posterior teeth and Group3 showed the smallest area. There was a significant difference between Group2 and Group3(p=0.025), and Gropu1 was not statistically different for both Group2 and Group3. 2. Means and ratio of the under 2.0mm area(D) and ratio showed $197.49mm^2$, 59.76% in Group1, $188,69mm^2$, 56.10% in Group2, and $174.23mm^2$, 55.76% in Group3. The results that Group1 has the most area/ratio and Group3 has the least area/ratio can be considered Group1 is the most advantageous for masticatory effective area, and Group3 is the least adnantageous. 3. Means and ratio of the under 1.0mm area(C) were $198.96mm^2$, 42.65% in Group1, 123.06$mm^2$, 46.58% in Group2, and $92.24mm^2$, 29.52% in Group3. These data means that Group1 is the most advantageous in terms of masticatory effective area and Group3 is the least. 4. Means and ratio of the under 0.5mm area(B) were $86.68mm^2$, 26.68% in Group1, $62.98mm^2$, 18.71% in Group2, and $36.44mm^2$, 11.66% in Group3. These can also be considered Group1 is the most advantageous for masticatory effective area and occlusal stability. 5. Means and ratio of the under 0.05mm area(A) were $30.92mm^2$, 9.21% in Group1, $14.31mm^2$, 4.25% in Group2, and $7.59mm^2$, 2.43% in Group3. The area ratio of the each subject group was(4.1) : (1.9) : (1)and the data of the under 0.05mm area has the intimate relationship with inter-group and intra-group data/ratio. 6. First molar showed the most occlusal contact points in all subject group and Group1 showed somewhat uniformly distributed occlusal contact point except first premolar. In Group2, all contact point in posterior teeth showed significantly reduced distribution except first molar. Group3 showed evenly distributed contace points in first and second molars.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.605-624
• /
• 1996

Various bonegraft materials and the technique of guided tissue regeneration have been used to regenerate lost periodontal tissue. Calcium sulfate has been known as a bone graft material because of good biocompatibility, rapid resorption and effective osteoinduction. It has been known that calcium sulfate works as a binder to stabilize the defect when it is used with synthetic graft materials. The effects on the regeneration of pericxiontal tissue were studied in dogs after grafting 3-wall intrabony defects with calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate and covering with calcium sulfate barrier. The 3-wall intrabony defectstdmm width, 4mm depth, 4mm length) were created in anterior area and treated with flap operation alone(contol group), with porous resorbable calcium carbonate graft alonetexperirnental group 1), with calcium sulfate graft alonetexperimental group 2) and with composite graft of 80% calcium carbonate and 20% calcium sulfate with calcium sulfate barriertexperimental group 3). Healing responses were histologically observed after 8 weeks and the results were as follows: 1. The alveolar bone formation was $0.59{\pm}0.19mm$ in the control group, $1.80{\pm}0.25mm$ in experimental group 1, $1.61{\pm}0.21mm$ in experimental group 2 and $1.94{\pm}0.11mm$ in experimental group 3 with statistically significant differences between control group and all experimental groups(P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between experimental group 1 and group 2 (P<0.05). 2. The new cementum formation was $0.48{\pm}0.19mm$ in the control group. $1.72{\pm}0.26mm$ in experimental group 1, $1.43{\pm}0.17mm$ in experimental group 2, $1.89{\pm}0.15mm$ in experimental group 3 with statiscally significant differences between control group and all experimental groups (p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between experimental group 1 and group 2, and between experimental group 2 and group 3(P<0.05). 3. The length of junctional epithelium was $1.61{\pm}0.20mm$ in the contol group, $0.95{\pm}0.06mm$ in experimental group 1, $1.34{\pm}0.16mm$ in experimental group 2, $1.08{\pm}0.11mm$ in experimental group 3 with statiscally significant differences between control group and experimental group 1. and btween control group and experimental group 3(p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between experimental group 1 ,and group 2, and between experimental group 2 and group 3(P<0.05). 4. The connective tissue adhesion was $1.67{\pm}O.20mm$ in the control group, $1.33{\pm}0.24mm$ in experimental group 1. $1.23{\pm}0.16mm$ in experimental group 2, $1.08{\pm}0.14mm$ in experimental group 3 with statistically significant differences between control group and all experimental groups(p<0.05). There were nostatistically significant differences between all experimental groups. As a result, epithelial migration was not prevented when calcium sulfate was used alone, but new bone and cementum formation were enhanced. Epithelial migration was prevented and new bone and cementum formation were also enhanced when calcium carbonate was used alone and when both calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate were used.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.217-228
• /
• 1993

The purpose or this study was to observe the histological alteration of Langerhans cells on wound healing process in applying low energy laser irradiation. For this study, 50 Spraque-Dewly rats, weighing 150Gm or more were devided into control, experimental control group(0), 47.5Hz(1), 190Hz(3), 380Hz(5), 760Hz(7), lased group. All the experimental animals were made excision wound on buccal mucosa, 2mm depth, and lased with stoma laser (904nm, semconductor type ASGaAI, Sedalac France) 47.5Hz, 380Hz, 960Hz, 3minutes one time respectively except experimental control group. After the experiment, experimental animals were sacrificed after 24hours, 48hours, 72hours on each. Taken specimens were embedden in paraffin, sectioned 6-8u in thickness. And the langerhans cell were detected using ant S-100 protein antibody, and histochemically processed with Avidin Biotin complex method. All the Langerhan cells were calculated under light microspe in 400 multiplication field and standard deviation, probability test between each group were evaluated using statistical analysis system(S.A.S)program. Following results were obtained. 1. Langerhan cells were increased in experimental control group compared to that in control group(P<0.01). 2. 24hour after experiments, Langerhans cell were decreased compare to that in control group and control experimental group 5, 1, 3. Probability test shows significance between control experimental and 5, 1, 3 group on a =0.05 range. 3. 48our after experiment, Langerhans cells were decreased compare to that on experimental control group, and probability test shows significance between control experimental and 3, 7, 5 group an a=0.05 range. 4. 72hour after experiments, Langerhans cells were decreased compare to that on experimental control group and probability test on group comparison shows significance between control experimental and 1, 5 and 1 between 3, 7 between 3, and 5, between 7, respeilively on a=0.05 range. 5. Langerhans cells number in experimental group were decreased compare to that on experimental control group in applying laser irradiation.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 2010

PURPOSE. This study was conducted to evaluate clinical validity of a zirconia full-coverage crown by comparing zirconia's wear capacity over antagonistic teeth with that of feldspathic dental porcelain. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The subject groups were divided into three groups: the polished feldspathic dental porcelain group (Group 1), the polished zirconia group (Group 2), and the polished zirconia with glazing group (Group 3). Twenty specimens were prepared from each group. Each procedure such as plasticity, condensation, and glazing was conducted according to the manufacturer's manual. A wear test was conducted with 240,000 chewing cycles using a dual-axis chewing simulator. The degree of wear of the antagonistic teeth was calculated by measuring the volume loss using a three-dimensional profiling system and ANSUR 3D software. The statistical significance of the measured degree of wear was tested with a significant level of 5% using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. RESULTS. The degrees of wear of the antagonistic teeth were $0.119{\pm}0.059\;mm^3$ in Group 1, $0.078{\pm}0.063\;mm^3$ in Group 3, and $0.031{\pm}0.033\;mm^3$ in Group 2. Statistical significance was found between Group 1 and Groups 2 and between Group 2 and 3, whereas no statistical significance was found between Group 1 and Group 3. CONCLUSION. Despite the limitations of this study on the evaluation of antagonistic teeth wear, the degree of antagonistic tooth wear was less in zirconia than feldspathic dental porcelain, representing that the zirconia may be more beneficial in terms of antagonistic tooth wear.

• 대한바이러스학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 1997

Serum samples from 123 males and 123 females collected by age in 1996 were analyzed for antibodies against surface antigen of Hepatitis B virus and C22-3, C200 antigens of Hepatitis C virus. Sera from the children under the age of 10 showed 30% seropositivity to the surface antigen of Hepatitis B virus, 33.3% in $10{\sim}19$ year group, 20% in $20{\sim}29$ year group, 17.6% in $30{\sim}39$ year group, 3.3% in $40{\sim}49$ year group, 5.9% in $50{\sim}59$ year group, 8,3% in $60{\sim}69$ year group, 2.9% in $70{\sim}79$ year group, but antibody could not found in $80{\sim}86$ year group. 12 out of 123 male sera were positive, 19 out of 123 female sera were positive and overall rate of positivity of antibody against surface antigen of Hepatitis B virus was 12.6%. Serum samples from peoples under the age of 30 had not antibody against C22-3, C200 antigens of Hepatitis C virus. The positivity rate was 2.9% in $30{\sim}39$ year group. 5 out of 30 sera from $40{\sim}49$ year age group were positive, and 3 positive sera showed extremely high titer (1:524,288) but the titers of two remaining sera were 1:32, 1:8,192 respectively. 5.9% was positive in $50{\sim}59$ year group, 8.3% in $60{\sim}69$ year group, 11.8% in $70{\sim}79$ year group but all negative in $80{\sim}86$ year group 6 out of 123 male sera were positive (4.9%), 9 out of 123 female sera were positive (7.3%). Overall rate of positivity of antibody against C22-3, C200 antigen of Hepatitis C virus was 6.1 %. None out of 246 sera had both antibodies against Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.1424-1431
• /
• 2007

This study was designed to observe the effects of the Phellinus linteus-Barley corn water extract (PLBC) on the improvement of the blood biochemical aspects; serum AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, Phospholipid, Trigryceride, Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, of Triton WR-1339(TX)-induced hiperlipidemic rats. Experimental groups were designed to normal control group(Normal), hiperlipidemic control group(Control), hiperlipidemic control group treated with Barley corn water extract(1000mg/1kg ; BC), hiperlipidemic control group treated with Phellinus linteus-Barley corn water extract (500, 1000, 1500mg/1kg; PLBC-1, PLBC-2, and PLBC-3, respectively). Serum AST levels of BC and all PLBC treated groups were significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum ALT levels of BC and PLBC-2 groups were decreased (p<0.05), PLBC-1 and PLBC-3 groups were significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum LDH levels of BC group was decreased but no significant, PLBC-1 and PLBC-2 groups were decreased (p<0.05), PLBC-3 group was significantly decreased (p<0.025) compared to Control group. Serum ALP levels of BC and PLBC-1 groups were decreased (p<0.05), PLBC-2 group was decreased but no significant, PLBC-3 group was significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum Phospholipid levels of BC group was decreased but no significant, PLBC-1 group was decreased (p<0.025), PLBC-2 and PLBC-3 groups were significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum Triglyceride levels of BC group was increased but no significant, PLBC-1 group was decreased but no significant, PLBC-2 and PLBC-3 groups were significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum Total cholesterol levels of BC group was decreased (p<0.05), PLBC-1, PLBC-2 and PLBC-3 groups were significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. Serum HDL levels of BC group was increased (p<0.05), PLBC-1 and PLBC-2 groups were significantly increased (p<0.005), PLBC-3 group was increased (p<0.025) compared to Control group. Serum LDL levels of BC, PLBC-1 and PLBC-2 groups were decreased but no significant, PLBC-3 group was significantly decreased (p<0.005) compared to Control group. These results suggested that Phellinus linteus-Barley corn water extract improve Triton WR-1339(TX)-induced hiperlipidemic symptom in rats.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.337-345
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the shape of root canal after instrumentation with some engine driven NiTi files. Thirty narrow and curved canals(15-35 degree) of mesial canals of extracted human mandibular first molars were divided into three groups. Group 1: After radicular access with Gates Glidden drill, apical shaping using step back method with Flexo file Group 2: After radicular access with Gates Glidden drill, apical shaping with Profile .04 Group 3: Canal shaping with GT file and Profile .04. Using modified Bramante technique, the root was sectioned at 2 mm from apical foramen, height of curvature, 2 mm from canal orifice. Canal centering ratio, amount of transport, amount of dentin removed, shape of canal were measured and statistical analysis is done using SPSS Program V 7.5. The results were as follows: 1. Canal centering ratio of group 3 was the lowest at coronal part, but there was no statistical difference. Centering ratio of group 2 was the lowest at curve part, and there was statistical difference between group 1(P<0.05). Centering ratio of group 2 was the lowest at apical part, but there was no statistic difference. 2. Amount of transport of group 3 was the lowest at coronal part, but there was no statistical difference. Amount of transport of group 2 was the lowest at curve part, and there was statistical difference between group 1(P<0.05). Amount of transport of group 3 was the lowest at apical part, and there was statistical difference between group 1 and group 2, group 1 and group 3(P<0.05). 3. Amount of dentin removed of group 3 was the lowest at coronal part, bur there was no statistical difference. Amount of dentin removed of group 2 was the lowest at curve part, but there was no statistical difference. Amount of dentin removed or group 2 was the lowest at apical part, and there was statistical difference between group 1 and group 2, group 1 and group 3(P<0.05). 4. The shape of the canals after instrumentation varied among the groups. The majority of canals at coronal and curve part for group 1 were round in shape(7 in 10), those at apical part were oval(8 in 10). The majority of canals at coronal part for group 2 were round in shape(7 in 10) and there was no difference in the number of shape at other part. There was no difference in the number of shape at every part for group 3. As above results, NiTi rotary instrumentation showed a trend to remain more centered in the canal than SS file instrumentation. At using NiTi file, coronal shaping with Gates Glidden drill was not statistically different from shaping with GT file. But shaping with GT file showed tapered canals, so it may be said that shaping with GT file is a safe and valuable instrumentation method.