• 지질공학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2019

본 연구는 비탈면의 불안정으로 인한 붕괴현상인 땅밀림 붕괴가 발생하는 지역에 지하수위 하강을 위한 집수정의 설치 효과를 평가하기 위해서 수행되었다. 비탈면은 지형, 지질적인 내적 특성과 강우와 지진 등 외적 요인의 불안정성이 증가하는 경우 붕괴현상이 유발된다. 우리나라는 우기의 강우 침투에 의하여 토층 내 지하수위가 증가하고, 이로 인한 간극수압의 형성 및 하중 증가로 인하여 붕괴현상이 발생된다. 토양 내 강우침투로 인한 비탈면의 붕괴로 산림훼손이 급증하고 있는 현실이다. 연구대상 비탈면은 계곡과 인접하여 위치하고 지형 형태상으로는 완경사지의 산록완경사면에 해당하고, 붕괴면 상부는 급경사지를 이루고 있다. 땅밀림이 발생되는 지형에 보강공사와 더불어 비탈면에 집수정 설치로 인한 지하수위 변화를 계측하였다. 계측자료를 통하여 집수정이 비탈면에 미치는 연관성을 분석하고자 집수정 설치 전 후의 지하수위-강우량 비를 산출하였으며, 분석 결과 집수정 설치로 지하수위-강우량 비가 증가하여 지하수위를 저하시키는 영향이 있음을 확인하였다. 선행강우량을 3일, 7일, 15일 기준으로 강우량에 따른 지하수위 변화를 분석한 결과, 전체적으로 지하수위가 높으면 지하수위-강우량 비 $r_p$가 작게 나타났으며 지하수위가 낮아지면 상대적으로 큰 값을 보였다. 또한 본 연구지역과 같이 집수유역이 큰 비탈면의 경우는 선행강우량이 지하수에 미치는 영향이 3일 < 7일 < 15일 선행강우량 순으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.609-623
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• 2013

Fluctuation patterns of groundwater level as a factor that reflects the characteristics of groundwater system can be categorized as the various types of aquifer with the time-series data. Time-series data on groundwater level obtained from 115 monitoring wells in Jeju Island were classified according to variation types, which were largely affected by rainfall(Dr), rainfall and pumping(Drp), and unknown cause(De). Analysis results indicate that 106 wells belong to Dr and Drp and the ratio of the wells with the wide range of fluctuation in the western and northern regions was higher than that in the eastern and southern regions. From the results that Drp is relatively higher than Dr in the western region which has the largest agricultural areas, groundwater level fluctuations may be affected significantly due to the intensive agricultural use. Non-parametric trend analysis results for 115 monitoring wells show that the increasing and decreasing trends as the ratio of groundwater levels were 14.8% and 22.6%, respectively, and groundwater levels revealed to be increased in the western, southern and northern regions excluding eastern region. Results of correlation analysis that cross-correlation coefficients and the time lags in the eastern and western regions are relatively high and short, respectively, indicate that the rainfall recharge effect in these regions is relatively larger due to the gentle slope of topography compared to that in the southern and northern regions.

• 지질공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2013

지하수자원의 효율적인 관리를 위해 강우에 대한 지하수위 변화를 예측하는 것은 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 자료기반 학습 알고리즘인 인공신경망과 지지벡터기계를 이용하여 시계열 예측 모델을 만들고 이를 국가지하수관측망 중 가산, 신광, 청성 관측소 지하수위 변화 예측에 적용하였다. 모델의 입력 성분 구성 방법에 따라 네 가지 모형을 설정하고 각 관측소 및 모델 별 예측 결과를 비교 평가하였다. 강우 입력 모형의 경우 지하수위 감쇠 및 기저 변화 예측을 위해 큰 규모의 입력 성분 구성이 필요하지만 강우 및 지하수위 입력 모형은 보다 작은 규모의 입력 성분으로 효과적으로 지하수위 변화를 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 강우 및 지하수위 입력 모형의 활용성 증대를 위해 고안된 반복 예측 모형의 경우 관측값과 예측값 사이에 0.75~0.95의 상관계수를 보여 적용 가능성이 큰 것으로 판단된다. 전체적으로 강우-지하수위 교차상관계수가 낮은 신광 관측소의 예측 오차가 크게 나타났고 ANN 모델에 비해 SVM의 예측력이 다소 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 반복 예측 모형의 모델 파라미터 선정 과정에서 보정 단계 오차에 대한 예측 단계 오차의 비의 분포를 조사한 결과 SVM의 경우가 더 작게 나타나 SVM이 본 연구 자료에 대해 보다 안정적이고 효율적인 모델임을 평가하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.661-672
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• 2014

Due to tidal force, it is very difficult to estimate the hydraulic parameters of high permeable aquifer near coastal area in Jeju Island. Therefore, to eliminate the impact of tidal force from groundwater level and estimate the hydraulic properties, tidal response technique has been mainly studied. In this study we have extracted 38 tidal constituents from groundwater level and harmonic constants including frequency, amplitude, and phase of each constituent using T_TIDE subroutine which is used to estimate oceanic tidal constituents, and then we have estimated hydraulic diffusivity associated with amplitude attenuation factor(that is the ratio of groundwater level amplitude to sea level amplitude for each tidal constituent) and phase lag(that is phase difference between groundwater level and sea level for each constituent). Also using harmonic constants for each constituent, we made the sinusoidal wave and then we constructed the synthesized wave which linearly combined sinusoidal wave. Finally, we could get residuals(net groundwater level) which was excluded most of tidal influences by eliminating synthesized wave from raw groundwater level. As a result of comparing statistics for synthesized level and net groundwater level, we found that the statistics for net groundwater level was more insignificant than those of synthesized wave. Moreover, in case of coastal aquifer which the impact of tidal force is even more than those of other environmental factors such as rainfall and groundwater yield, it is possible to predict groundwater level using synthesized wave and regression analysis of residuals.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2022

This study was conducted as restoration work to improve the discharge in forested wetlands where there is a concern of damage and observed changes in the discharge and groundwater level. The monthly changes showed that during the wet season, the amount of discharge decreased after restoration and GWL increased. It showed that during the dry season, the GWL and discharge increased. The increased discharge after restoration seems to be the difference in the number of days with no rainfall duration. The change in discharge for each unit of rainfall showed a tendency to increase the baseflow and decrease the direct discharge after restoration. The recharge ratio of GWL showed a decreasing tendency as rainfall was higher. After restoration, it showed a higher tendency under rainfall with less than 20mm. It has been confirmed that the restoration implemented by the study caused such an effect as the increased baseflow and increased GWL. It would be an effective restoration method to maintain water resources in forested wetlands. In the initial rainfall, it demonstrated a certain level of effect, but it is necessary to develop a restoration technology that can decrease the amount of water discharged after the end of rainfall or during the period of no rainfall to protect and maintain the forested wetlands. Streamflow should be identified by each type of terrain of wetlands and a proper restoration countermeasure should be devised for the site where the discharge frequently occurs.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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• pp.183-183
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• 2021

Deep learning methods and their application have become an essential part of prediction and modeling in water-related research areas, including hydrological processes, climate change, etc. It is known that application of deep learning leads to high availability of data sources in hydrology, which shows its usefulness in analysis of precipitation, runoff, groundwater level, evapotranspiration, and so on. However, there is still a limitation on microclimate analysis and prediction with deep learning methods because of deficiency of gauge-based data and shortcomings of existing technologies. In this study, a real-time rainfall prediction model was developed from a sky image data set with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These daily image data were collected at Chung-Ang University and Korea University. For high accuracy of the proposed model, it considers data classification, image processing, ratio adjustment of no-rain data. Rainfall prediction data were compared with minutely rainfall data at rain gauge stations close to image sensors. It indicates that the proposed model could offer an interpolation of current rainfall observation system and have large potential to fill an observation gap. Information from small-scaled areas leads to advance in accurate weather forecasting and hydrological modeling at a micro scale.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제32권3B호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 가뭄 취약성 지표를 선정하고, 경향성 검정에 따른 지수 산정을 실시하였다. 4대강 살리기의 일환으로 새로이 설치될 보 중 금강 및 낙동강 유역 10개 지점을 선정하였다. 지표는 수자원, 강우, 인문 분야 등 3개 분야 10개 지표를 선정하였다. 10개 지표는 연 최저 및 평균 하천수위와 지하수위, 무강우일수, 강우집중률, 강우편차율, 1인당 가용수자원량, 물재정 건전성, 물이용 공평성으로 이루어져 있다. 10개 지표의 시계열 자료를 정리하여 Mann-Kendall, Hotelling-Pabst, 그리고 Sen trend test를 실시하여 지수를 산정하였다. 연구 결과 구미보, 상주보, 합천보 등 낙동강 유역에 위치한 연구 지점들이 대체적으로 취약한 것을 알 수 있었고, 금강유역은 낙동강에 비해 비교적 취약성이 낮은 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.121-121
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• 2004

The groundwater in the Pocheon area occurs from both a fractured bedrock aquifer in igneous and metamorphic rocks and an alluvial aquifer with a thickness of <50 m, and forms a major source of domestic and agricultural water supply. In this study, we performed a hydrogeochemical study in order to identify the control of geochemical processes on groundwater quality. For this study, groundwater level and physicochemical parameters (EC, Eh, pH, alkalinity) were monitored once a month from a total of 150 groundwater wells between June 2003 to August 2004. A total of 153 water samples (13 surface water, 66 alluvial groundwater, 74 bedrock groundwater) were also collected and analyzed in February 2004. Groundwater chemistry in the study area is very complex, depending on a number of major factors such as geology, degree of chemical weathering, and quality of recharge water. Hydrochemical reactions such as the leaching of surficial and near-solace soil salts, dissolution of calcite, cation exchange, and weathering of silicate minerals are proposed to explain the chemistry of natural groundwater. Alluvial groundwaters locally have very high TDS concentrations, which are characterized by their chloride(nitrate)-sulfate-bicabonate facies and low Na/Cl ratio. Their grondwater levels are highly fluctuated according to rainfall event. We suggest that high nitrate content and salinity in such alluvial groundwaters originates from the local recharge of sewage effluents and/or fertilizers. Likewise, high concentrations of nitrate were also locally observed in some bedrock groundwaters, suggesting their effect of anthropogenic contamination. This is possibly due to the bypass flow taking place through macropores. Tile degree of the weathering of silicate minerals seems to be a major control of the distribution of major cations (sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium) in bedrock groundwaters, which show a general increase with increasing depth of wells. Thermodynamic interpretation of groundwater chemistry shows that the groundwater in the study area is in chemical equilibrium with kaolinite and Na-montmorillonite, which indicates that weathering of plagioclase to those minerals is a major control of hydrochemistry of bedrock groundwater. The interpretation of the molar ratios among major ions, as well as the mass balance calculation, also indicates the role of both dissolution/precipitation of calcite and Ca-Na cationic exchange as bedrock groundwaters evolves progressively.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2021

동해안에 위치한 화진포 석호는 담수와 염수가 혼합되는 환경으로 생물 다양성이 풍부하여 높은 보존 가치를 지니고 있어 체계적인 관리가 필요하다. 석호의 현재 환경에 대한 분석을 위해 호소수에 영향이 큰 주변 대수층의 지하수 수위 분포와 지하수 흐름의 특성을 파악하였다. 또한 호소수의 염분도가 유지되는 기작으로 추정되는 대수층으로의 해수침투의 영향을 파악하기 위해 수리지구 화학적 변동을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 사주지역의 대수층에 쐐기형태의 담수-염수 경계면이 분포하며, 강우가 적은 기간이 지속되고 온도가 높아 석호의 증발이 일어날 경우 담수-염수 경계면이 상승하여 지하수를 통한 해수의 유입 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 수리지구 화학적 특성으로는 이온델타(혼합된 지하수의 이론적인 화학조성과 실제 시료가 가지는 값과의 차이) 값을 산출하여 해수 침투에 따른 대수층 내에서 양이온 교환반응 및 침전 반응이 일어난 것으로 추정하였다. 각 지점별로 해수가 혼합된 비율을 계산하기 위해서 산소동위원소와 염소이온을 추적자로 사용하였으며 혼합비의 평균값은 0.3, 최대값은 0.87을 나타내었다. 전체적인 혼합비 결과는 해안에서의 거리에 따라 분포하는 것으로 판단되나, 이론적인 예상과는 상이한 결과가 일부 존재하는데 그 부근의 대수층 특성이 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 더욱 구체적인 분석을 위해서는 계절적인 변화와 해수침투 기작을 모사하는 등 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

To develop the practical cultivation for paddy field, we investigated the properties of paddy soil, growth characteristics and ginsenoside content of 6-year-old ginseng, Cheonpung variety between poor drainage class (PDC) and imperfect drainage class (IDC). Groundwater level in PDC showed monthly small changes of 20~30 cm, while IDC showed monthly great changes of 28~71 cm depending on rainfall. Soil moisture content in PDC and IDC was 17.2%, 22.5%, respectively. Air temperature in IDC was lower than $0.3^{\circ}C$, while soil temperature was higher than $0.8^{\circ}C$ compare to PDC, respectively. Main soil color of PDC was grayish olive, while IDC was brownish olive. PDC showed yellowish mottles only at underground of 20~40 cm, while IDC showed that at underground of 30~90 cm. IDC showed lower pH, EC, potassium, calcium and magnesium content, but higher organic matter, phosphate, and iron content than that of PDC, respectively. All of EC, organic matter, potassium, calcium, and magnesium content were decreased, but iron content was increased at the subsoil layers of PDC. All of EC, organic matter, phosphorus, and potassium content were decreased, but calcium and magnesium content were increased at the subsoil layers of IDC. Root yield in IDC was more increased by 33% than that of PDC. The moisture content and rusty ratio of ginseng root in IDC were lower than that of PDC. Ginsenoside content in IDC was higher than that of PDC because the ratio of lateral and fine root showing relatively high content of ginsenoside was higher in IDC than that of PDC.