• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 2016

The variation of groundwater by wave, tide and precipitation conditions is closely related to the vegetation environment at the natural vegetation and sandy based beach, and it has a significant impact on the vegetation development and ground stabilization. In this study, the water temperature, electrical conductivity, and pressure were monitored at five observational stations normal to the Jinu-do(Island) shoreline of Nakdong river estuary from March 2012 to September 2014 (approximately 799 days) with the aim of measuring the variation in groundwater-table characteristics. The purpose of the study was to identify factors (tide, wave etc.) affecting groundwater-table variation using time series and correlation analysis, and to record spatial variations in the groundwater level and electrical conductivity as a result of storm events. The observational station in the intertidal zone was strongly affected by wave period and tide level. During the storm period, the groundwater-table and electrical conductivity were stabilized at the edge of sand dunes, vegetation, and areas of transition between freshwater and seawater.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.447-461
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• 2018

To realize river restoration that ecological characteristics of the river are reflected, we classified the river into four reaches of valley stream, upstream, midstream, and downstream based on substrate as well as riverbed gradient obtained from the relationship between distance from the river mouth, and above sea level. Considering that the rivers of Korea have been dominated by various and intense artificial interferences over a lengthy period, we determined cross sectional range of the river based on the geological map and clarified transformation degree by reach. Vegetation profile diagram was prepared by depicting horizontal range and vertical stratification of major vegetation appearing in a belt transect of 10 m breadth installed between weirs constructed in both sides of the river. Restoration models by river reach were prepared based on breadth of waterway, bare ground, herb, shrub, and tree dominated vegetation zones on vegetation profiles wherein a flooding regime was reflected. Species composition information collected from vegetation established in each zone was systematized to use for restoring each reach ecologically. Further, background that longitudinal reaches and horizontal zones were divided, was discussed by comparing with case studies in foreign countries. In addition, necessity of ecological restoration of the river was discussed based on degree of integrity of Korean rivers, ecological significance of riparian vegetation, and importance of reference information for ecological restoration of the river.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

We developed the estimation model for the vegetation developmental processes on the severely burned slope areas after forest fire in the east coastal region, Korea. And we calculated the vegetation indices as a useful parameter for the development of land management technique in the burned area and suggested the changes of the vegetation indices after forest fire. In order to estimate the woody standing biomass in the burned area, allometric equations of the 17 woody species regenerated by sprouter were investigated. According to the our results, twenty year after forest fire need for the development to the normal forest formed by 4 stratum structure, tree, sub-tree, shrub and herb layer. The height of top vegetation layer, basal area and standing biomass of woody species show a tendency to increase linearly, and the ground vegetation coverage and litter layer show a tendency to increase logarithmically after forest fire. Among vegetation indices, Ive and Ivcd show a tendency to increase logarithmically, and Hcl and Hcdl show a tendency to increase linearly after forest fire. The spatial variation of the most vegetation factors was observed in the developmental stages less than the first 5 years which were estimated secondary disaster by soil erosion after forest fire. Among vegetation indices, Ivc and Ivcd were the good indices for the representation of the spatial heterogeneity in the earlier developmental stages, and Hcl and Hcdl were the useful indices for the long-term estimation of the vegetation development after forest fire.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.729-739
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• 2017

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM) were coupled to simulate atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations. The performance of the WRF-VPRM to simulate regional scale $CO_2$ concentration was estimated over coastal basin areas. Either Hestia 2011(HST) or Vulcan 2002(VUL) anthropogenic $CO_2$ emission data were used in two numerical experiments for the study regions. Simulated meteorological variables were validated with ground and background $CO_2$ measurement data, and the results show that the model captured temporal variations of $CO_2$ concentration on a daily basis. $CO_2$ directional analysis revealed that the dominant $CO_2$ emission sources are located S and SW. The simulated Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) agreed relatively well with measured $CO_2$ fluxes at each vegetation class site, showing approximately 40% at max improvement at shrub areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.543-547
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• 2017

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has played an important role in assessing green plant biomass through remote sensing on global scale since the early 1970s. The concept of NDVI is based on the fact that green plants show higher reflection in near-infrared region than in visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, it is well known that the relocation of chloroplasts in plant leaf cells may dramatically change the optical properties of plant leaves. In this study I traced the changes in the reflectance and transmittance properties of Tobacco leaves at the wavelengths of 660 and 800 nm after a sudden increase in light intensity. The results showed that NDVI of leaves gradually decreased from 72.7% to 69.9% when exposed to a sudden increase in light intensity from 30 to $1,200{\mu}mol/m^2{\cdot}s$. This means that the error resulting from the physiological status of the plant should be accounted for a more precise understanding of ground truth corresponding to the data from the remotely acquired images.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2008

Evapotranspiration mapping using both meteorological ground-based measurements and satellite-derived information has been widely studied during the last few decades and various methods have been developed for this purpose. It is significant and necessary to estimate regional evapotranspiration (ET) distribution in the hydrology and water resource research. The study focused on analyzing the surface ET of Chungbuk region using Landsat 7 ETM imagery. For this process, we estimated the regional daily evapotranspiration on May 8, 2000. The estimation of surface evapotranspiration is based on the relationship between Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) and Morton's actual ET. TVDI is the relational expression between Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST). The distribution of NDVI corresponds well with that of land-use/land cover in Chungbuk. The LST of several part of city in Chungbuk region is higher in comparison with the averaged LST. And TVDI corresponds too well with that of land cover/land use in Chungbuk region. The low evapotranspiration availability is distinguished over the large city like Cheongju-si, Chungju-si and the difference of evapotranspiration availability on forest and paddy is high.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2011

This study refers to the derivation of simple crop yield prediction equation by using KOMPSAT-2 derived vegetation index. For a 1.25 ha small farm area located in the middle part of South Korea, the KOMPSAT-2 panchromatic and multi-spectral images of 31th August 2008, 17th November 2008, and 10th September 2009 were used. The field spectral reflectance during growing period for the 6 crops (rice, potato, corn, red pepper, garlic, and bean) were measured using ground spectroradiometer and the yield was investigated. Among the 6 vegetation indices (VI), the NDVI and ARVI between measured and image derived showed high relationship with the coefficient of determination of 0.85 and 0.95 respectively. Using the 3 years field data, the NDVI and ARVI regression curves were derived, and the yields were tried to compare with the maximum VIs value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Ecological corridor is the facility to connect two habitats fragmented by roads, dam, housing and industrial area. Critics of faunal corridors have suggested that they are simply an untested application of unproved island biogeography theory. But, everyone agree that ecological corridor is important useful structural components that help animal movement in fragmented landscapes. There are 52 ecological corridors in Korea. We investigated 43 ecological corridors of these and recorded the size of corridor, planting species, management and growth condition. We compared planting species to nearby exiting vegetation species and structure. We found that there are no considerations for many aspects of planting, for example, planting species, structure, animal migration and behavior, surrounding vegetation etc. Expecially, It was ignored management of plants, difference of surrounding vegetation, lacks of diverse planting species and structure. We suggest planting the native species of tall tree, shrub and ground cover, edge planting for transitional space between road and natural habitat, planting for foraging and breeding of target animal, diverse layer vegetation, and open space of center for rapid animal dispersal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.99-109
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• 2007

The main objectives of this comparative study were 1) to compare the floristic similarity of species composition between the extant vegetation and seedlings from soil seed bank and 2) to quantify the potential contribution of soil seed bank to revegetation of forest in a constructed area, which is called "ecological impact mitigation" in conjunction with the power plant extension. Forest topsoil of seven plots was collected from the surface soil after measurements were taken on the ground vegetation in each plot. A greenhouse experiment was conducted and monitored to analyze the germination potential of soil seed bank. The forest topsoil was spread on plastic trays ($0.7m^2{\times}7$) filled with a 5cm layer of sterilized potting mix. The results of monitoring for 2 years in a greenhouse were as follows : 1) seedlings of soil seed bank per 4.9$m^2$ were 1,269 with 36 species (1st year) and 2,615 with 25 species (2nd year). 2) 38${\pm}$8% of the flora species were germinated from soil seed bank. It can be concluded that the use of soil seed bank would be effective to promote establishment of diverse species and vegetation. However, it behooves to continue monitoring on succession of vegetation and pursue revegetation with other methods for ecological restoration. Finally, adequate topsoil deposit and gathering methods should be studied properly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2024

As impervious area increases due to urbanization, rainfall on the impervious area does not infiltrate into the ground, and stormwater drains quickly. Low impact development (LID) practices have been suggested as alternatives to infiltrate and store water in soil layers. The practices in South Korea is applied to urban development projects, urban renewal projects, urban regeneration projects, etc., it is required to perform literature research, watershed survey, soil quality, etc. for the LID practices implementation. Prior to the LID implementation at fields, there is a need to simulate its' effect on watershed hydrology, and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) provides an opportunity to simulate LID practices. The LIDs applied in South Korea are infiltration-based practices, vegetation-based practices, rainwater-harvesting practices, etc. Vegetation-based practices includes bio-retention cell and rain garden, bio-retention cells are mostly employed in the model, adjusting the model parameters to simulate various practices. The bio-retention cell requires inputs regarding surface layer, soil layer, and drain layer, but the inputs for the drain layer are applied without sufficient examination, while the model parameters or inputs are somewhat influential to the practice effects. Thus, the approach to simulate vegetation-based LID practices in SWMM uses was explored and suggested for better LID simulation in South Korea.