• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2005

Cycle simulation of Ground Source Heat Pump[GSHP] system was carried out to determine the design specification of basic components such as turbo compressor and heat exchangers. Part load operation characteristics of the designed GSHP system was estimated using the compressor and heat exchanger performance data. A 50RT class turbo compressor for GSHP system is now under development, in which R134a refrigerant is adopted as working fluid. The compressor with variable cascade diffusers is designed to work both in cooling and heating modes so that it can actively keep up with the climate change with high efficiency. The normal running speeds of the compressor are 59000rpm for heating mode and 70000rpm for tooling mode respectively. It has two identical impellers at both ends of the rotor so as to minimize aero-induced thrust force effectively. GSHP system was coupled with a vortical type heat exchanger, and heat gain and heat loss from ground were evaluated per a bore hole. For the optimal integration of the heat pump system, its header for circulating fluid was combined with the ground heat exchangers in parallel and series configuration.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 수직 접지면을 갖는 평판형 모노폴 안테나의 임피던스 특성 개선에 관한 논문이다. 평판형 모노폴 안테나의 임피던스 특성 개선을 위해 기존 연구된 방사체 구조 변형 외에 수직 접지면의 영향을 이용하였다. 수직 접지면의 영향을 분석하기 위해 기존 연구인 보조 공진기 모드 이외에 다이폴 안테나 모드를 제안하였다. 수직 접지면의 각 동작 모드를 기반으로, 모노폴 안테나와 수직 접지면 사이의 임피던스 특성 상관관계를 이용하여 평판형 모노폴 안테나의 임피던스 특성을 개선하였다. 개선 방법은 안테나의 급전 위치 변경 및 수직 접지면의 면적 변화이다. 본 분석 결과는 수직 접지면을 갖는 다양한 평판형 모노폴 안테나의 임피던스 특성을 개선 및 분석할 수 있을 것으로 기대 된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제76권2호
• /
• pp.223-237
• /
• 2020

Transmission towers have come to represent one of the most important infrastructures in today's society, which may suffer severe earthquakes during their service lives. However, in the conventional seismic analyses of transmission towers, the towers are normally assumed to be fixed on the ground without considering the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the pile-supported transmission tower. This assumption may lead to inaccurate seismic performance estimations of transmission towers. In the present study, the seismic response and failure analyses of pile-supported transmission towers considering SSI are comprehensively performed based on the finite element method. Specifically, two detailed finite element (FE) models of the employed pile-supported transmission tower with and without consideration of SSI effects are established in ABAQUS analysis platform, in which SSI is simulated by the classical p-y approach. A simulation method is developed to stochastically synthesize the earthquake ground motions at different soil depths (i.e. depth-varying ground motions, DVGMs). The impacts of SSI on the dynamic characteristic, seismic response and failure modes are investigated and discussed by using the generated FE models and ground motions. Numerical results show that the vibration mode shapes of the pile-supported transmission towers with and without SSI are basically same; however, SSI can significantly affect the dynamic characteristic by altering the vibration frequencies of different modes. Neglecting the SSI and the variability of earthquake motions at different depths may cause an underestimate and overestimate on the seismic responses, respectively. Moreover, the seismic failure mode of pile-supported transmission towers is also significantly impacted by the SSI and DVGMs.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.817-820
• /
• 2018

본 논문에서는 스마트 안경에서 사용가능한 2.4 GHz 무선 근거리 통신망(WLAN) 대역용 소형 다중 입력 다중 출력(MIMO) 안테나 설계 및 구현에 대한 제안을 하였다. MIMO 안테나 시스템을 소형화하기 위해서, 안테나의 그라운드면을 방사체로서 사용하였으며, T 자형의 접지면을 제안하고 있다. 광대역 격리를 특성을 확보하기 위해, 이중 공진이 그라운드 모드에서 형성되도록 한다. 하나의 공진은 T 자형 접지에 의해 생성되고, 두 번째 공진은 두 개의 급전선 사이에 슬롯과 커패시터를 추가하여 만들어진다. 구현된 안테나의 측정 결과, 반사 계수 특성은 -5.1 dB보다 작지만, 얻는 격리 특성은 -20 dB 미만이다. 다이버시티 성능은 측정된 2차원 방사 패턴을 사용하여 평가하였고, 목표 대역(2.4~2.5 GHz)에서 측정된 ECC(envelope correlation coefficients) 값은 0.1 미만이다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.333-338
• /
• 2019

본 논문에서는 메탈 림의 특성 모드 제어를 활용한 WLAN 대역용 초소형 이중 대역 그라운드 방사 안테나를 제안한다. 제안된 안테나는 그라운드 상에 초소형 이중 대역 그라운드 방사 안테나에 의해 메탈 림의 1파장 모드와 2파장 모드를 여기시켜 WLAN의 저주파수 대역인 2.4 GHz, 고주파수 대역인 5 GHz에서 방사체로 활용한다. 메탈 림은 그라운드와 2 mm 이격되어 그라운드를 둘러쌓고 있으며, 메탈 림과 그라운드 사이에 1파장 모드와 2파장 모드를 제어하기 위한 두 개의 커패시터가 삽입되어 있다. 제안된 안테나를 측정한 결과, -6dB 기준 각 대역에서 330 MHz, 800 MHz으로 넓은 임피던스 대역폭은 가지는 것을 확인하였으며, 방사 효율은 각 대역에서 69.7 %와 50 %를 얻어 제안된 안테나가 높은 방사 성능을 가진다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2013

저궤도 위성은 지상과 교신할 수 있는 시간이 매우 제한되어 있으므로 위성에서 생성되는 모든 원격측정 데이터는 위성의 대용량 메모리에 저장되고 지상과 교신할 수 있는 시간에 지상으로 전송된다. 원격측정 데이터 전송은 실시간 데이터 프레임 및 대용량 메모리에 저장된 데이터 프레임을 지상으로 전송하는 것으로 실시간 데이터만을 전송하는 실시간 전송모드가 있고, 실시간 및 대용량 메모리에 저장되어 있는 플레이백 데이터를 포함한 플레이백 모드가 있다. 그리고 데이터 전송속도에 따라서 저속 전송모드와 고속 전송모드로 구분할 수 있다. 본 논문은 저궤도위성 원격측정 데이터 지상전송 관리 방식에 대한 것으로 한국항공우주연구원에서 개발된 저궤도위성의 다운링크 인터페이스 및 탑재소프트웨어의 구조에 대해서 간략히 소개하고, 위성에서 생성되는 원격측정 데이터 저장방식, 실시간 및 플레이백 데이터 지상 전송방식, 다운링크 채널 및 전송속도 제어방식 등에 대해서 기술한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2015

The time slot assignment problem (TSAP) or Satellite Communications scheduling problem (SCSP) for a satellite performs $n{\times}n$ ground station data traffic switching has been known NP-hard problem. This paper suggests $O(n^2)$ time complexity algorithm for TSAP of a satellite that performs $n^2{\times}n^2$ ground station data traffic switching. This problem is more difficult than $n{\times}n$ TSAP as NP-hard problem. Firstly, we compute the average traffic for n-transponder's basic coverage zone and applies ground station exchange method that swap the ground stations until all of the transponders have a average value as possible. Nextly, we transform the D matrix to $D_{LB}$ traffic matrix that sum of rows and columns all of transponders have LB. Finally, we select the maximum traffic of row and column in $D_{LB}$, then decide the duration of kth switch mode to minimum traffic from selected values. The proposed algorithm can be get the optimal solution for experimental data.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.614-622
• /
• 2018

Based on army operating road profile, the endurance test of military vehicle aims to reproduce the similar loading conditions with mixture of proving ground tracks. It is so called as endurance test mode and its optimal generation is important to meet high reliability of endurance test. In this paper, proving ground optimization is proposed to achieve a close match to the target profile. Several performance measures such as torque-revolution counts or transmission ratio for the powertrain system can be considered as one of the objective functions. However, the one-side optimal endurance test mode may give the poor solution in the whole system point of view. To incorporate several goals simultaneously, this paper employs multi-objective optimization technique to generate endurance test mode. One of the most widely used method, weighted-sum method is applied here and the case study is discussed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.263-273
• /
• 2020

The use of energy concepts in seismic analysis and design of structures requires the understanding of the input energy response of multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems subjected to strong ground motions. For design purposes and non-time consuming analysis, however, it would be beneficial to associate the input energy response of MDOF systems with those of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. In this paper, the theoretical formulation of energy input to MDOF systems is developed on the basis that only a particular portion of the total mass distributed among floor levels is effective in the nth-mode response. The input energy response histories of several reinforced concrete frames subjected to a set of eleven horizontal acceleration histories selected from actual recorded events and scaled in time domain are obtained. The contribution of the fundamental mode to the total input energy response of MDOF frames is demonstrated both graphically and numerically. The input energy of the fundamental mode is found to be a good indicator of the total energy input to two-dimensional regular MDOF structures. The numerical results computed by the proposed formulation are verified with relative input energy time histories directly computed from linear time history analysis. Finally, the elastic input energies are compared with those computed from time history analysis of nonlinear MDOF systems.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2013

Purpose: It is not easy to drive a rice-transplanter avoiding underlapped or overlapped transplanting in paddy fields. An automated guidance system for the riding-type rice-transplanter would be necessary to operate the rice-transplanter autonomously or to assist the beginning drivers as a driving aid. Methods: A prototype of guidance system was composed of embedded computers, RTK-GPS, and a power-steering mechanism. Two Kalman filters were adopted to overcome sparse positioning data (1 Hz) from the RTK-GPS. A global Kalman filter estimated the posture of rice-transplanter every one second, and a local Kalman filter calculated the posture from every new estimation of the global Kalman filter with an interval of 200 ms. A PID controller was applied to the row-following mode control. A control method of U-turning mode was developed as well. A stepping motor with a reduction gear set was used to rotate the shaft of steering wheel. Results: Test trials for U-turning and row-following modes were done in a paddy field after some parameters have been tuned at the ground speed range of 0.3 ~ 1.2 m/s. The minimum RMS error of offset was 3.13 cm at the ground speed of 0.3 m/s while the maximum RMS error was 13.01 cm at 1.2 m/s. The offset RMS error tended to increase as the ground speed increased. The target point distance, LT also affected the system performance and PID controller parameters should be adjusted on different ground speeds. Conclusions: A target angle-based PID controller plus stationary steering angle controller made it possible for the rice-transplanter to steer autonomously by following a reference line accurately and even on U-turning mode. However, as condition in paddy fields is very complicated, the system should control the ground speed that prevents it from deviating too much due to ditch and slope.