• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.255-264
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• 1996

This studies were carried out to identify the characteristics of the tongue of Korean native goat(Capra hircus) by macroscopy, microscopy and scanning microscopy. Korean native goat had torus linguae, median lingual sulcus, lingual fossa and ventral median fissure but did not have glossoepiglottic fold and terminal sulcus in the tongue. The whole length of tongue was $11.51{\pm}0.76cm$. The length of tongue apex, tongue body, tongue root and the torus linguae were $2.62{\pm}0.28$, $7.39{\pm}0.27$, $1.56{\pm}0.26$ and $6.37{\pm}0.29cm$, respectively. The width of tongue apex, torus linguae and tongue root were $3.41{\pm}0.24$, $3.74{\pm}0.29$ and $3.68{\pm}0.11$, respectively. The thickness of tongue apex was $1.60{\pm}0.10$, and the height of torus linguae was $1.52{\pm}0.15cm$. Filiform papillae were present at the tongue apex and the tongue body rostral to torus linguae. Fungiform papillae were scattered from tongue apex to rostral portion of torus linguae, being in abundance at the tongue apex. Vallate papillae were showed at the lateral portion of torus linguae, while lentiform papillae were present at its central portion. Conical papillae were located between vallate and lentiform papillae. The numbers of filiform, fungiform, conical, vallate and lentiform papillae were $46,980{\pm}1070.98$, $446.8{\pm}36.97$, $818.4{\pm}43.99$, $34.8{\pm}2.77$, and $255.6{\pm}39.30$, respectively. The average numbers of taste bud were $8.3{\pm}2.04$ in a fungiform papilla and $247.3{\pm}37.44$ in a vallate papilla. The filiform papilla had secondary and tertiary papillae. The height of filiform papilla was about $150{\mu}m$ and the diameter was $100{\mu}m$. The diameters of fungiform papillae were 350 to $550{\mu}m$. The long and short diameters of maximum-sized lentiform papilla were 4000 and $3000{\mu}m$, respectively, while those of minimum-sized papilla were 700 and $600{\mu}m$, respectively. The height of conical papillae was 450 to $600{\mu}m$ and diameter was 250 to $450{\mu}m$. The vallate papilla was round or oval in shape and its diameter was 500 to $850{\mu}m$. It had well-developed papillary groove around itself. The modified conical papillae were not observed in the tongue of Korean native goat.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.334-341
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• 2016

In this paper, the study of a waveguide aperture-coupled feed-structured antenna has been conducted for the purpose of applying it to a wireless back-haul system sufficient for high-capacity gigabits-per-second data rates. For this study, a $32{\times}32$ waveguide slot sub-array antenna with a corporate-feed structure was designed and produced. Also, this antenna is used at 57 GHz to 66 GHz in the V-band. The construction of the antenna is a laminated form with radiating parts (outer groove and slot, cavity), a coupled aperture, and feeds in each. The antenna was designed with HFSS, which is based on 3D-FEM, produced with aluminum processed by a precision-controlled milling machine, and assembled after a silver-plating process. The measurement result from analysis of the characteristics of the antenna shows that return loss is less than -12 dB, VSWR < 2.0, and a wide bandwidth ranges up to 16%. An overall first side lobe level is less than -12.3 dB, and a 3 dB beam width is narrow at about $1.85^{\circ}$. Also, antenna gain is 38.5 dBi, offering high efficiency exceeding 90%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2004

Primary cardiac lymphoma is an extranodal malignant lymphoma of any cell type involving only heart and pericardium without dissemination. Patients usually present symptoms of heart failure, arrhythmias, pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma can be performed by echocardiogram, CT and MRI and cytologic examination of pericardial effusion or transvenously biopsied cardiac tissue. Prognosis of primary cardiac lymphoma is poor. Because of poor prognosis, early diagnosis and complete surgical excision is essential and postoperative systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy is useful. In this case extensive tumor infiltration on the right ventricle and atrioventricular groove preclude surgical excision. Tissue biopsy revealed primary cardiac lymphoma. After postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the size of intracardiac mass is decreased in follow up chest CT scan and echocardiogram and symptoms of patient are relieved. Therefore, we report a case of primary cardiac lymphoma with review of literatures.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

The present study aimed to obtain basic knowledge of a customized artificial joint based on the convergence research of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine(DICOM) and 5-axis machining technology. In the case of the research method, three-dimensional modeling was generated based on the medical image of the humerus bone, and the shape was machined using a chemical wood material. Then, the anatomical characteristics and the modeling machining computation times were compared. The results showed that the Stereolithography (STL) modeling required twice more time for semi-finishing and 10 times more time for finishing compared to the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification(IGES) modeling. For the 5-axis machining humerus bone, the anatomical structures of the anatomic neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, and intertubercular groove were similar to those in the three-dimensional medical image. In the future, the convergence machining technology, where 5-axis machining of various structures(e.g., the surgical neck undercut of the humerus bone) is performed as described above, can be efficiently applied to the manufacture of a customized joint that pursues the precise model of a human body.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 1997

The purpose of thus study was to measure the changes of arch and dentition of maxillary posterior teeth before and after treatment and postretentios in patients treated with Quad-helix. Measurements and analysis were performed on study model with carlipers. Seventeen cases, eight boys and nine girls, were selected with average ages of 12.7 years. Mean retention period was 4 months, and mean wearing time was. 127 days. The result were as follows 1. The interpremolar widths and intermolar width were significantly increased in maxillary first piennolar and molar when compared between before and after treatment and postretention. The maxillary second premolar resulted in significant increase in interpremolar between after tretment and post retention. 2. The long axis of maxillary first premolar and first molar accompaning buccal tipping was significant increased before and after Tx and post retention. Significant increase of the lingual inclination of maxillary second premolar was obsered both in before and after Tx, and before Tx and post retention. 3. The distance between the height of tooth contour was significantly increased in the first and second premolar before and after Tx, and was significant increased in the first molar before and after Tx and post retention. 4. Intermolar width at the palatal groove was increased in before and after Tx. and post retention. The palatal depth was significant increased in before and after Tx. In conclusion expansion of maxillary dental arch showed no relapse and results were stable retention

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.242-255
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to estimate the morphology and the size of permanent mandibular molar in Korean Adult. The 100 dental college students with a normal dentition and without any dental prosthesis and severe caries were selected for this study The subjects were taken impression to make study model. On the study model, the 5 dentists measured those sizes and estimated morphological structures with a calipers, a Boley gauge and a protractor. The results were as follows; 1. The clinical crown height, width, thickness and the other anatomical structures had symmetrical relationship between the left and right mandibular molar. 2. In the clinical crown height aspect, the buccal crown heights always were higher than the lingual crown height. The heights of the each surface, the buccal or lingual surface, were gradually decreased from the 1st molar to the 2nd molar and the difference on the buccal surface was higher than that on the lingual surface. 3. In the clinical crown width aspect, the mesiodistal measurement of the mandibular 1st molar was higher than that of the mandibular 2st molar. 4. In the clinical crown thickness aspect, the mesial buccolingual measurement was highest on the mandibular 1st molar and the distal buccolingual distance was lowest on the mandibular 2nd molar. This distal thickness of the mandibular molar always was higher than that of the mesial half. 5. The well-developed mesiobuccal groove of the 1st molar was observed more often than that of the 2nd molar. The buccal pit was also observed more frequently at the 1st molar, but the frequency(35%) was not high. 6. The occlusal type according to the number of cusp was almost 5-cusp(98%) in the 1st molar and was also 5-cusp(63%) in the 2nd molar. The frequency of the 6th cusp was 31% in the 1st molar and was 22% in the 2nd molar. The frequency of the 7th cusp was below 2of in the both teeth. 7. In the buccolingual intercuspal distance aspect of the mesial and distal half, the intercuspal distance of distal half was higher than that of the mesial half on the 1st and 2nd molar, but the difference on the 1st molar was higher than that on the 2nd molar. 8. The difference between the widths of the buccal and lingual half was 1.5mm in the 1st molar and 0.8mm in the 2nd molar. Therefore the lingual convergency of the occlusal surface was more higher in the 1st molar. 9. On the mandibular 1st and 2nd molar, the distobuccal external angle was more acute than the mesiobuccal external angle. But the mesiobuccal internal angle was more acute than the distobuccal internal angle. 10. When the mandibular molar was a 5-cusp type, the development of the distal cusp on the 1st molar was better than that on the 2nd molar. The difference between the cusps was around 0.4mm.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2014

The patellar clunk syndrome is one of the patellofemoral complication, caused by formation of the fibrous nodule at the suprapatellar region after total knee arthroplasty. The symptom involves painful catching, crepitus and clunk during knee extension. It has been mainly but not exclusively associated with the posterior stabilized total knee system. The fibrous nodule is entrapped in the femoral intercondylar notch of the femoral component during flexion and as the knee is extended, it displaces back to the trochlear groove abruptly and the typical symptoms occur. The risk of developing this complication is primarily related to the design of the femoral component and higher incidence was noted with earlier designs of posterior stabilized knee prosthesis. Modifications have been made to the femoral component to optimize the kinematics of the patellofemoral joint and thereby reduced the incidence of patellar clunk syndrome but did not eliminate the problem completely. Clinical examination is the gold standard of diagnosis and imaging study has been used as a possible adjunct to diagnosis. Especially ultrasonography is an imaging modality, which can be easily performed to detect the fibrous nodule on the quadriceps tendon. We report a case of patellar clunk syndrome which was diagnosed with ultrasonography.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

한국의 담수에 광범위하게 서식하고 있으면서 역학적으로 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 두 종의 복족류 즉 쇠우렁이(Parafossarulus manchouricus)와 물달팽이(Radix auricularia coreana)의 소화기관 중에서 식도, 소화선 및 장에 대한 미세구조 관찰을 시도하였다. 이 부위들은 간흡충(간디스토마)과간질(소간디스토마)의 유생들이 그들의 생활사 중 거쳐가는 곳으로 알려진 소화관들이어서 이후 흡충류의 유충들이 위의 소화관에 주는 영향을 연구하는데 필요한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행된 것이었다. 관찰해 본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 식도의 상피조직은 두 종류에서 공히 원주세포와 원주섬모세포 및 점액분비 세포로 이루어져 있었다. 식도강상피 내에서도 어느 정도의 흡수와 소화가 이루어 지고 있음은 특이한 현상이라 하겠다. 소화선은 두 종에서 공히 복분지 관상선으로서 그 상피는 micovilli를 선강 또는 도관에 연한 유리표면에 가지고 있어 brush boredr을 이루고 있는 원주세포과 원주섬모세포로 구성되어 있었다. 이들 세포들의 내부 구조로 보아 소화세포와 배석세포로 구분할 수 있었다. 장의 상피는 원주세포와 원주섬모세포로 구성되어 있었으며 이들도 장강에 연한 유리표면에는 brush border를 이루고 있었다. 흡수와 분비기능이 활발한 것으로 사료된다. 전반적으로 보아 본 연구에서 관찰한 두 복족류의 소화관은 모든 부위에서 세포의 유리표면에 microvilli를 가지고 있어 물질의 흡수기능을 가지고 있음을 시사해주고 있었고, 이들 세포 중에는 때로 밀집한 cilia를 가지고 있어 소화관 내의 액체물질이나 이에 내포된 미세입자들의 유동을 도와주고 있음을 추측할 수 있었다.)은 결합조직으로 이루어진 근육질의 두꺼운 벽을 가지고 있었으며 내강은 돌출부위에 의해 4부분으로 갈라져 있었다. 내강에 연한 상피는 원주세포로 되어 있었다. 상음경(epiphallus)의 벽은 근섬유 다발은 벽의 외곽으로 갈수록 밀도가 높아졌다. 상부에 내강과 연결되는 함입구조(groove)를 가지며, 내강에 연한 상피는 섬모가 없는 원주세포로 이루어져 있었다. 음경(penis)은 근섬유가 산재된 두꺼운 벽을 가졌으며 상음경보다 굵은 원통형이었다. 내강은 많은 돌출부에 의해 복잡하게 나뉘어 있으며 상피세포는 원주 세포로 이루어져 있었고 섬모는 관찰되지 않았다. 내강 내의 분비물과 세포의 형태로 보아 내강상피세포는 분비기능을 가진 것으로 사료된다.술적 문제가 적절히 해결되는 경우 비활성 가스 제너레이터는 민수용으로는 대형 빌딩, 산림, 유조선 등의 화재에 매우 적절히 사용되어 질 수 있을 뿐 아니라 군사적으로도 군사작전 중 및 공군 기지의 화재 그리고 지하벙커에 설치되어 있는 고급 첨단 군사 장비 등의 화재 뿐 아니라 대간첩작전 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.가 작으며, 본 연소관에 충전된 RDX/AP계 추진제의 경우 추진제의 습기투과에 의한 추진제 물성 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.의 향상으로, 음성개선에 효과적이라고 사료되었으며, 이 방법이 편측 성대마비 환자의 효과적인 음성개선의 치료방법의 하나로 응용될 수 있으리라 생각된다..7%), 혈액투석, 식도부분절제술 및 위루술·위회장문합술을 시행한 경우가 각 1례(2.9%)씩이었다. 13) 심각한 합병증은 9례(26.5%)에서 보였는데 그중 식도협착증이 6례(17.6%), 급성신부전증 1례(2.9%), 종격동기흉과 폐염이 병발한 경우와 폐염이 각

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.329-335
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• 2002

Background: The surgical technique for biventricular assist device(BVAD) implantation has mainly consisted of cannulation procedures. A median sternotomy has been the technique of choice as it gives a surgeon an excellent exposure of the heart. However, considering that most patients require a future sternotomy or already have a previous sternotomy, sternotomy-related complication remains a major concern in BVAD implantation. Based on this consideration as well as the clinical experiences of conventional heart surgery, the authors have hypothesized that the cardiac chambers for BVAD cannulation can be approached from the right side of the heart. The purpose of this studs to develop a novel surgical technique of right thoracotomy for BVAD implantation in an animals study. Material and Method: For last two years, 16 (11 calves, 3 canines, and 2 sheep) out of 30 experimental animals with AnyHeart implantation underwent a right thoracotomy. The device was used as an implantable BVAD in 14 animals, a wearable BVAD in 1, and an implantable LVAD in 1. The chest cavity was entered through the 4th intercostal space or the 5th periosteal bed. As for the BVAD use, a right inflow cannula was inserted into the right atrial free wall and a right outflow cannula was grafted onto the main pulmonary artery. A left inflow cannula was inserted into the interatrial groove and a left outflow cannula was grafted on the innominate artery of the ascending aorta. The connecting tubes were brought out through the thoracotomy wound and connected to the pump located in the subcutaneous pocket at the right flank. Result: Except for the 5 animals for a lilting test or during the early learning curve, all recovered smoothly from the procedures. The inflow drainage allowed the pump output 6.5 L/min at the maximum with 3-3.5 L/min in an average. Of the survivors, there noted no procedure-related mortality or morbidity. Necropsy findings demonstrated the well-positioned cannula tips in the each cardiac chamber

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.203-213
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• 1985

The in situ posture of anterior body of Metagonimus yokogawai was observed in experimental metagonimiasis of dog. The metacercariae were collected from naturally infected sweetfish by peptic digestion; a total of 8 dogs was orally infected with 10,000 metacercariae respectively. Two dogs were killed on 3 days, 9 days, 4 weeks and 10 weeks after the infection. The postures of worms in histological section of small intestine and of whole worms collected from the fixed intestinal mucosa were examined by light and scanning electron microscope. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The recovery rates of worms were 42.6% on 3 days, 55.0% on 9 days, 33.2% on 4 weeks and 9. 8% on 10 weeks after the infection respectively. 2. In histological sections of small intestine, most of worms were found at intervillous spaces as ovoid sections of posterior body. However, many worms, especially in 3 day-old worms, revealed protruded anterior body in glandular lumens of crypt. Some sections of anterior body were bifurcated or sacculated. 3. The worms collected from fixed intestinal mucosa under dissecting microscope exhibited a variety of postures. Many worms showed flat shapes with a concavity or curvatures. However, in many worms, the anterior body made a single or multiple protrusions. 4. By SEM observation of protruded anterior body, a longitudinal groove was found. 5. The frequency of worms with protruded anterior body decreased in 9 days, 4 weeks and 10 weeks than in 3 day-old worms. The above findings indicated that the anterior body of juvenile and adult M. yokogawai protruded to lumens of glandular crypt by folding their lateral portions to make a reversible tubelike structure. Frequent multiple protrusions were considered to be made to adapt the microniche of glandular crypts of dog intestine.