• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1286-1294
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• 2015

Capacitor current feedback active damping is extensively used in grid-connected converters with an LCL filter. However, systems tends to become unstable when the digital control delay is taken into account, especially in low switching frequencies. This paper discusses this issue by deriving a discrete model with a digital control delay and by presenting the stable region of an active damping loop from high to low switching frequencies. In order to overcome the disadvantage of capacitor current feedback active damping, this paper proposes a modified approach using grid current and converter current for feedback. This can expand the stable region and provide sufficient active damping whether in high or low switching frequencies. By applying the modified approach, the active damping loop can be simplified from fourth-order into second-order, and the design of the grid current loop can be simplified. The modified approach can work well when the grid impedance varies. Both the active damping performance and the dynamic performance of the current loop are verified by simulations and experimental results.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2338-2349
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• 2016

This paper presents an impedance-matching-based control scheme for the harmonic resonance damping of multiple grid-connected-converters (GCCs) with LCL filters. As indicated in this paper, harmonic resonance occurs if a GCC possesses an output impedance that is not matched with the rest of the network in some specific frequency bands. It is also revealed that the resonance frequency is associated with the number of GCCs, the grid impedance and even the capacitive loads. By controlling the grid-side current instead of the converter-side current, the critical LCL filter is restricted as an internal component. Thus, the closed-loop output impedance of the GCC within the filter can be configured. The proposed scheme actively regulates the output impedance of the GCC to match the impedance of the external network, based on the detected resonance frequency. As a result, the resonance risk of multiple GCCs can be avoided, which is beneficial for the plug-and-play property of the GCCs in microgrids. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

In order to overcome the power fluctuation issues in photovoltaic (PV) smart grid-connected systems and the inverter nonlinearity model problem, an adaptive backstepping command-filter and a double second order generalized Integrators (DSOGI) controller are designed in order to tune the AC current and the DC-link voltage from the DC side. Firstly, we propose to present the filter mathematical model throughout the PV system, at that juncture the backstepping control law is applied in order to control it, Moreover the command filter is bounded to the controller aiming to exclude the backstepping controller differential increase. Additionally, The adaptive law uses Lyapunov stability criterion. Its task is to estimate the uncertain parameters in the smart grid-connected inverter. A DSOGI is added to stabilize the grid currents and eliminate undesirable harmonics meanwhile feeding maximum power generated from PV to the point of common coupling (PCC). Then, guaranteeing a dynamic effective response even under very unbalanced loads and/or intermittent climate changes. Finally, the simulation results will be established using MATLAB/SIMULINK proving that the presented approach can control surely the smart grid-connected system.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.209-211
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• 2009

A digital grid synchronization technique is needed for distributed generation system to make output current sinusoidal even if the grid voltage is distorted by harmonics. In this paper, a digital grid synchronization technique based on adaptive notch filter is proposed. The analysis of proposed technique is performed through the consideration of grid synchronization technique based on PLL and FLL, and the validity of the proposed method was confirmed by simulation results.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2008

3상의 PWM 인버터는 풍력발전설비에서 계통연계나 전력제어의 목적으로 그 수요가 급증하고 있다. 이러한 인버터는 스위칭에 의한 고조파를 저감하기 위하여 L-필터나 LCL-필터를 통하여 계통과 연결된다. LCL-필터는 L-필터에 비하여 낮은 스위칭 주파수의 고조파도 효율적으로 저감할 수 있으며 비교적 적은 인덕턴스로 만족할 만한 수준의 계통 전류를 생성한다. 하지만 LC의 추가로 인해 생기는 추가 극점이 시스템의 공진을 초래하여 안정성 문제에 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 전력이론을 이용하여 설계된 LCL필터 시스템의 성능향상과 공진에 의한 안정성 문제의 개선기법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션과 실험결과를 바탕으로 개선기법의 타당성을 보인다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.757-765
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• 2018

This paper deals with the instability and resonant phenomena in distribution systems with multiple grid-connected inverters with an LCL output filter. The penetration of roof-top and other types of small photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected systems is rapidly increasing in distribution grids due to the attractive incentives set forth by different governments. When the number of such grid-connected inverters increases, their interaction with the distribution grid may cause undesirable effects such as instability and resonance. In this paper, a grid system with several grid-connected inverters is studied. Since proportional-resonant (PR) controllers are becoming more popular, it is assumed that most inverters use this type of controller. An LCL filter is also considered at the inverters output to make the case as realistic as possible. A complete modeling of this system is presented. Consequently, it is shown that such a system is prone to instability due to the interactions of the inverter controllers. A modification of PR controllers is presented where the output capacitor is virtually decreased. As a result, the instability is avoided. Simulation results are presented and show a good agreement with the theoretical studies. Experimental results obtained on a laboratory setup show the validity of the analysis.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1672-1682
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• 2017

For grid-connected LCL-filtered inverters, the inverter-side current can be used as the control object with one current sensor for both LCL resonance damping and over-current protection, while the grid-voltage feedforward or harmonic resonant compensator is used for suppressing low-order grid current harmonics. However, it was found that the grid current harmonics were high and often beyond the standard limitations with this control. The limitations of the inverter-side current control in suppressing low-order grid current harmonics are analyzed through inverter output impedance modeling. No matter which compensator is used, the maximum magnitudes of the inverter output impedance at lower frequencies are closely related to the LCL parameters and are decreased by increasing the control delay. Then, to improve the grid current quality without complicating the control or design, this study proposes designing the filter capacitance considering the current harmonic constraint and using a PWM mode with a short control delay. Test results have confirmed the limitation and verified the performance of the improved approaches.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1587-1597
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• 2016

A novel active damping strategy for the LCL filter resonance is proposed using the grid current and the capacitor voltage. The proposed technique is deduced in the continuous time domain and a discussion for its discrete implementation is presented. According to the proposed technique, instability of the open loop system, which results in non-minimum phase behavior, can be avoided over wide range of resonant frequencies. Moreover, straightforward co-design steps for both the fundamental current regulator and the active damping loops can be used. A numerical example along with experimental results are introduced to validate the proposed strategy performance over wide range of resonant frequencies.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.247-249
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• 2008

There are many types of grid-connected inverter controllers; Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF)-based controller is the most popular methods. SRF-based controller is capable for reducing both of zero-steady state error and phase delay. However, SRF-based controller has a complex algorithm to apply in real application such as digital processor. Resonant controller is also reduced zero-steady state error, but its transfer function has a high order. In this paper, a simple proportional control is applied for grid connected inverter with LCL filter. LCL filter is a third order system. Applying a simple proportional controller is not increased the order of closed loop transfer function. By this technique, the single phase model is easily obtained. To reduce steady state error, proportional gain is set as high as possible, but it may produce instability. To compromise between a minimum steady state error and stability, the single phase model is evaluate through Root Locus and Bode diagram. PSIM simulation is used to verify the analysis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 계통연계형 인버터용 LCL 필터 특성을 학계와 산업계의 대표적인 오프라인, 온라인 시뮬레이션 도구를 적용하여 LCL 필터와 L 필터의 차이점을 비교 분석하였다. 논문의 연구방법은 비교 분석 및 검증 방법을 적용하여 먼저 LCL 필터를 포함한 계통연계형 인버터 시스템의 수학적 분석과 모델링한 후 오프라인 시뮬레이션 도구로 시뮬레이션한 결과를 수학적 이론값과 비교하였으며, 마지막으로 실시간 시뮬레이터를 사용한 실험을 통한 검증과정으로 구성하였다. 3개의 시뮬레이션 툴을 사용하여 LCL 필터를 모델링 및 시뮬레이션하고 LCL 필터의 고주파 고조파에 대해 필터링 효과를 확인하였다. 먼저, LCL 필터의 전달 함수와 관련 수식을 소개하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 보드선도로 그 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 LCL 필터의 매개 변수에 따라 PSIM 및 MATLAB의 오프라인 시뮬레이션과 FFT를 통해 필터 특성을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 실시간 시뮬레이터인 Typhoon HIL402와 DSP 제어기를 연결하여 온라인 시뮬레이션 결과와의 일관성을 확인하였으며 LCL 필터의 필터링 특성을 시험으로 검증하였다.