• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.247-261
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• 2014

In this study, it investigates the highly controversial issue "low carbon car subsidy". Through the policy's intent, purpose, and necessity, it aims to present alternatives for automotive industry development. Introducing the low carbon car subsidy will bring a huge change to the vehicle purchase practices by changing vehicle purchase cost. It expects that this change will reduce greenhouse gas emission from vehicles. For successful settlement of the system, it shall set up the target sections for subsidy and levy appropriately in order to get the nation's consensus. Additionally, it has to conduct sufficient reviews the measures such as adjustment to the existing auto tax, divided payments of burden charge, etc before enforcing the system. In terms of the automobile industry, it must do their level best in technical development in order to meet the carbon dioxide emission level of imported cars until the enforcement. Also, the government has to strengthen its support to the industry.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine whether cementitious powder separated from waste concrete can be used as an alternative raw material to limestone and reduce the usage of natural resource (limestone) and $CO_2$ emission based on recycling cementitious powder from waste concrete. Experiments actually analyzed the chemical composition of cementitious powder and performed hyperthermia analysis, measurement of free CaO and XRD analysis to measure the degree of recovery of hydration in the model of cementitious powder manufactured based on chemical composition. These were performed in each cementitious powder model at different calcination temperatures such as $900^{\circ}C$, $1200^{\circ}C$, $1300^{\circ}C$, $1400^{\circ}C$ and $1450^{\circ}C$. Through the experiments, it was found that the recovery of hydration was at a level which can be used as the alternative raw material for limestone, but the replacement ratio was directly affected by the degree of mixing of fine aggregate in less than $150{\mu}m$, which cannot be separated from cementitious powder. It was shown that there was no difference in the production of compounds involved in hydration at calcination temperatures of $1200^{\circ}C$ or higher. Therefore, to pursue the replacement of limestone and reduction of greenhouse gas by recycling cementitious powder, the development of technology to efficiently separate aggregate fine powder is required.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 1999

Biomass, tissue (foliage, stem. and root) nutrient concentration, and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) were determined for 1-year-old Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis and Betula platyphvlla var. japonica seedlings in a greenhouse under nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization treatments. There were no consistent patterns in the effect of fertilization on seedling growth, however, in most cases the addition of N and P had no stimulating effect on biomass. In general, seedling tissue N and P concentrations increased after fertilization. It appeared that fertilization induced luxury nutrient consumption because uptake was increased without altering biomass. The NUE. calculated as the ratio between total above and belowground production and nutrient content in seedlings, decreased with increasing N and P supply for P. densiflora and B. platyphylla var. japonica while that for L. leptolepisthe did not change. B. platyphylla var. japonica had the highest NUE, L. leptolepis the lowest, with P. densiflora having the intermediate NUE.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

Ammonia ($NH_3$) is an important pollutant that plays a key role in several air pollution problems. It can create odors and have negative impacts on animal and human health. The largest source contributing to Ammonia emission is the agricultural production, in particular animal operation, in Korea. The present study evaluated flux profiles of Ammonia emitted from the cattle housing using a dynamic flux chamber. We have developed the emission factor of Ammonia from the cow housing. Analysis of Ammonia flux variation was made with respect to manure surface temperature, pH, and ammonium concentration. Ammonia has been measured from calf and cattle housing between October and December in 2007. In the fall, average Ammonia flux from calf and cattle housing was estimated 1.342(${\pm}0.728$) and 1.323(${\pm}0.655$)mg/$m^2$/min, respectively. In the winter, average Ammonia flux was estimated 0.889(${\pm}0.362$)mg/$m^2$/min from the calf housing and 0.925(${\pm}0.511$)mg/$m^2$/min from the cattle housing. The correlation coefficient between Ammonia flux and ammonium concentration showed stronger relationship than the relationship between manure pH and temperature. In the fall, Ammonia emission factor from calf and cattle housing was estimated 4.46(${\pm}2.39$) and 6.03(${\pm}3.27$)kg-$NH_3$/animal/yr, respectively. In the winter, average Ammonia flux was estimated 2.88(${\pm}1.53$) from the calf housing and 4.24({$\pm}1.63$)kg-$NH_3$/animal/yr from the cattle housing.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.453-460
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• 2011

This study was carried out to test a red pepper tedding factors which is needed for design and development of an auto-tedding machine and a performance. According to this test, the results can be summarized as follows: The results of the tedding factors test according to shape of rotary blade, which is the 0.4 to 0.5 mm brush type, was found to be the most appropriate. As a result of tedding ratio which includes brush diameters, driving velocities and rotation velocities, there was generally no significance difference, but the red pepper tedding efficiency was found to be 39.7%. The moisture drying rate of red pepper was found to be 0.9 %w.b./h in prototype auto-tedding machine and 0.4 %w.b./h in traditional practice. The drying time was found to be 3 days in prototype auto-tedding machine and the traditional practice was 6 days. The average variable coefficient of the red pepper moisture content was found to be 16.8% in prototype auto-tedding machine in comparing with the traditional practice of 35.0%. This test showed a difference around two times, and this difference was evaluated to be the reason for irregular drying and different drying times.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2005

Penicillium oxalicum strain CBPS-3F-Tsa, an efficient phosphate solubilizing fungus, was evaluated for its production of organic acid in vitro and effect of inoculation on the growth promotion of Maize under greenhouse conditions. The fungus solubilized 129.1, 118.8, and 54.1 mg P/1 of tricalcium phosphate [$Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$], aluminum phosphate ($A1PO_{4}$),and ferric phosphate ($FePO_{4}$), respectively, after 72 h of incubation. Malic acid, gluconic acid, and oxalic acid were detected in the flasks supplemented with various phosphate sources [240, 146, 145 mM/1 $A1PO_{4},\;FePO_{4},\;and\;Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$, respectively] together with a large amount of malic acid followed by the other two. The effects of inoculation of P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa on maize plants were studied under pot culture conditions. P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa was inoculated to maize plants alone or together with inorganic phosphates in the form of fused phosphates (FP) and rock phosphates (RP). Inoculation of P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa increased the plant growth and N and P accumulation in plants, compared with control plants, and also had positive effects when applied with RP. The results of this study show that the fungus P. oxalicum strain CBPS-3F-Tsa could solubilize different insoluble phosphates by producing organic acids, particularly malic acid, and also improved the efficiency of RP applied to maize plants.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.100-105
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• 1988

A biofertilizer, having been deordorized and showing promotive effect on plant growth, was manufactured from the rice straw and hen feces by use of Thermoactinomycetes vulgaris. This strain grew vigorously on rice straw mixed with unsterilized hen feces at $50^{\circ}C,\;pH\;8.0{\sim}8.5$ and moisture content of 60% and got rid hen feces of malodour during treatment. The growth of plant(Brassica raga var. previdis) was experimented on humic volcanic ash soil, using pot in thermostatically controlled greenhouse. The biofertilizer was applied as N-fertilizer and air-dried lien feces or ammonium sulfate were used for comparison with the biofertilizer. The effect on. plant growth was evaluated on the basis of the amount of nitrogen as fertilizer, under a loading of 0.1g N/pot, all samples showed a promotion effect of plant growth. But ammonium sulfate and air-dried hen feces inhibited plant growth at the nitrogen content over 0.2 and 0.4g N/pot, respectively, whereas the biofertilizer showed a good promotion effect on plant growth without growth inhibition even at nitrogen content of 0.8g N/pot.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2004

Objective of this research was to investigate the effect of fertigation setting point such as -5, -10, -20, and -30 ㎪ on the growth and fruit quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in greenhouse culture. The net $CO_2$ assimilation and transpiration rate were the lowest in the treatment of -30㎪. The pH and EC in soil solution were not severly affected by irrigation setting point and no statistical differences were observed among treatments of irrigation setting point tested. The N content of above ground plant tissue was the lowest in the treatment of -30 ㎪ and those of K, Ca, and Mg were the highest in the treatment of -10 ㎪. But that of P did not show statistical differences among treatments tested. As the fertigation setting point was getting low, the growth decreased at 60th day after planting, while there were no differences among treatments at 210th day after planting. The fruit quality except sugar contents did not show differences among treatments, but sugar contents was the highest in the treatment of -30 ㎪ with $8.0^{\circ}$Brix. Above results indicated that fertigation setting point should be in the range from -10 ㎪ to -20 ㎪ to ensure good crop growth and fruit quality in sweet pepper production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2012

The effects of sheep urine and dung patches on methane ($CH_4$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) fluxes were investigated during the summer-autumn in 2010, to evaluate their contribution to climate change in a desert grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. Results indicate that the cumulative $CH_4$ emissions for dung patches, urine patches and control plots were -0.076, -0.084, and -0.114 g/$m^2$ and these were net $CH_4$ sinks during the measured period. The level of $CH_4$ intake from urine and dung plots decreased 25.7%, and 33.3%, respectively, compared with a control plot. $CO_2$ fluxes differed (p<0.01) in urine plots, with an average of 569.20 mg/$m^2$/h compared with control plots (357.62 mg/$m^2$/h) across all sampling days. Dung patches have cumulative $CO_2$ emissions that were 15.9% higher compared with the control during the 55-d period. Overall, sheep excrement weakened $CH_4$ intake and increased $CO_2$ emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.14-20
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• 1995

Discourses on global environment are not only limited to the matter of simple environmen-tal protection but also going to an imperative that every country should take the environ-mental aspects into more consideration, and if necessary even proceed to modify its own strategies for economic growth. It is because scores of existing International conventions and agreements on environmental caused tend to combine the environmental issues with trade sanctions and financial assistances in order to ensure a mandatory power in pushing themselves through on a global dimension. Particularly noteworthy is the so -called Green Round(GR) which substantially associates the Issues of environmental protection with some sanctions in international trade, its rationale is quite simple. The differentiated production costs rising from the difference in environmental standards among different countries may affect national competitiveness in in-ternational trade, therefore a need does exist to countervail this difference. In reality, however, severe dissention seems to have been exposed between the developed and developing countries around this matter, because national interests and priorities in national goals considerably differ among respective countries. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which caused global warming are mostly released from the combustion of fossil fuels. The perfect removal of released $CO_{2}$ is impossible with existing technologies, and moreover, it's not payable in economical terms. Therefore it will be more effective and desirable to make more efforts to prevent the release of the $CO_{2}$ it- self through energy conservation involving the development and promotion of clean and high-efficient energy technologies and energy sources, and the development and promotion of new & renewable energy resources, and so on. One of important national tasks In our country is to establish an Energy Policy consider-ing environmental impacts since Korea depends most of its energy consumption on the fossil fuels such as oil and coal.