• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2014

In this study, greenhouse gas emission of magnesium industry was estimated and the reduction potential of the greenhouse gas emission was evaluated with reduction technologies. Default value of IPCC guideline was used to calculate the greenhouse gas emission and $SF_6$ alternatives were considered in reduction potential. Import of magnesium ingot was 22,806 ton in 2013, which will be expected to increase to 81,700 ton with 20% rate in 2020. Magnesium ingot was consumed to produce magnesium alloy in diecasting process. Recently, commercial production of crown magnesium and magensium plate began. Based on ingot consumption, $CO_2$ emission of domestic magnesium industry was estimated to 504,000 ton, which is about 0.79% of domestic industrial emissions. Reduction potential of diecasting process was estimated to 489,320 ton by changing SF6 to alternative gases such as HFC-134a, Novec-612. Emission factor of Tier 3 level should be developed to enhance the accuracy of greeenhouse gas emission of magnesium industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2023

This study examined the impact of changes in agricultural production methods on society, the economy, and the environment. While traditional open-field farming relied heavily on natural conditions, modern approaches, including greenhouse and smart farming, have emerged to mitigate the effects of climate and seasonal variations. Facility horticulture has been on the rise since the 1990s, and recently, there has been a growing interest in smart farms due to reasons such as climate change adaptation and food security. We compared open-field spinach and greenhouse spinach using agricultural income survey data, and we also compared greenhouse tomato cultivation with smart farming tomato cultivation, utilizing data from the smart farm survey reports. The economic results showed that greenhouse spinach increased yield by 25.8% but experienced a 29% decrease in income due to equipment depreciation. In the case of tomato production in smart farms, both yield and income increased by 36-39% and 34-46%, respectively. In terms of environmental impact, we also compared fertilizer and energy usage. It was found that greenhouse spinach used 29% less fertilizer but 14% more energy compared to open-field spinach. Smart farming for tomatoes saw a negligible decrease in electricity and fuel costs. Regarding the social impact, greenhouse spinach reduced labor hours by 31%, and the introduction of smart farming for tomatoes led to an average 11% reduction in labor hours. This reduction is expected to have a positive effect on sustainable farming. In conclusion, the transition from open-field to greenhouse cultivation and from greenhouse cultivation to smart farming appears to yield positive effects on the economy, environment, and society. Particularly, the reduction in labor hours is beneficial and could potentially contribute to an increase in rural populations.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.5 s.118
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• pp.430-435
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• 2006

Greenhouse horticulture in South Korea covered about 52,000 ha in 2005. Greenhouse area of about 12,000 ha has been heated during winter season with heating cost of $20{\sim}40%$ of total Production cost. Farmers engaged in greenhouse horticulture were changed into aged people. Therefore the laborsaving of working process and the saving of greenhouse heating cost should be accomplished simultaneously to increase income of greenhouse horticulture. The best method for saving of greenhouse heating cost is to install thermal tunnels into greenhouse. Then hot air heaters using fossil fuel should be changed into hot water heaters. In other words air heating using forced convection should be changed into natural convection system. In this research coil tube made of flexible PE pipe was designed as hot water heat exchanger and its heat exchanging characteristics were analyzed. This new heat exchanger has been adopted as a natural convection system for hot water heating of greenhouse horticulture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.270-279
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• 2012

In this study, greenhouse gas emissions occurring from the construction of Jangbogo Antarctic research station were estimated in terms of material production stages and building stages, respectively. In detail, greenhouse gas emissions during the building stages were estimated in terms of marine transportation, inland transportation, construction equipment utilization, and construction camp operation, respectively. As a result, greenhouse gas emissions from material production stages with life cycle assessment were 8,933 ton (as $CO_{2eq}$), equivalent to the 23.8% of total greenhouse gas emissions from the construction of Jangbogo Antarctic research station, and these results indicate that greenhouse gas emissions occurring from material production stages should not be ignored. During the building stages, greenhouse gas emissions occurring from first year were greater than those from second year due to the increase in fuel consumption of freighter during second year. Additionally, marine transportation compared to inland transportation, construction equipment utilization, and construction camp operation was found to be the greater contributor for greenhouse gas emissions during the building stages. The total greenhouse gas emissions estimated from both material production stages and building stages was 34,486 ton (as $CO_{2eq}$), and greater than those estimated from comprehensive environmental evaluation (CEE) of existing other research stations. This difference is mainly attributed from approximate estimation of greenhouse gas emissions of existing other research stations without considering material production stages.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2016

This study has conducted greenhouse gas emission reduction test as using Oyster-shells originated PCC paper filler compare to non-Oyster shells used PCC. This examination was estimated and calculated in accordance with both IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBSCD). The greenhouse gas emission reduction estimation result indicates that, when oyster shells are recycled and used as paper filler, it reduces $27.97tCO_2\;per\;100\;ton$ of oyster shells. It is greenhouse gas emission $44.27tCO_2$ from PCC production changed to carbon emission reduction when replaced with oyster shell. LNG greenhouse gas emission $16.3tCO_2$ in relation to the pre-treatment with oyster shell per 100 ton is also reflected. As a result, it is assumed that roughly $0.2797tCO_2/oyster\;shell{\cdot}ton$.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.399-406
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to propose a methodology for estimating greenhouse gas emission reduction through HFCs used in the foam industry. This study investigated characteristics of HFCs and greenhouse gas emissions from production processes in the foam industry, which uses HFCs as a blowing agent. Also, we investigated fluorinated gas removal technology to determine a proper technology for the foam industry. And we confirmed the criteria and characteristics of External Project for methodology development. According to criteria of External Project and foam industrial process emission, a methodology for calculating the amount of greenhouse gas emission reduction in foam industry was developed. Lastly, we analyzed the amount of greenhouse gas emission reduction and KOC (Korea Of Offset) in the foam industry based on the domestic government's plan to reduce HCFCs and imported amount of HFCs used as a blowing agent. The results of this study demonstrate that linking greenhouse gas reduction in the foam industry and the domestic greenhouse gas reduction system can contribute to achieve the domestic greenhouse gas reduction goal.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 2006

It can be obtained from hydrocarbon and water, specially production of hydrogen from natural gas is most commercial and economical process among the hydrogen production methods, and has been used widely. However, conventional hydrogen production methods are dependent on fossil fuel such as natural gas and coal, and it may be faced with problems such as exhaustion of fossil fuels, production of greenhouse gas and increase of feedstock price. Thermochemical hydrogen production by nuclear energy has potential to efficiently produce large quantities of hydrogen without producing greenhouse gases. However, nuclear hydrogen must be economical comparing with conventional hydrogen production method. Therefore, hydrogen production cost was analyzed and estimated for nuclear hydrogen as well as conventional hydrogen production such as natural gas reforming and coal gasification in various range.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.503-533
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the relationships among the energy consumption, renewable energy production, real gross regional domestic product(GRDP), and greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions. It uses the metropolitan city and province level data for Korea from 2010 to 2018, employing a panal vector autoregressive(VAR) model. We find that an increase in energy consumption has a limited impact on boosting renewable energy production or gross regional domestic product, while it leads to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. A rise in renewable energy production can increase gross regional domestic product, but it has no meaningful effects on energy consumption and the reduction of green house gas emissions. Our finding indicates that it is crucial to expand the supply of renewable energy as well as to decrease energy consumption in order to achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reaching economic growth.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.395-406
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• 2023

The large amount of energy required for successful crop production is the main challenge in greenhouse cropping systems. As a response to this challenge a comprehensive evaluation of greenhouse energy consumption was carried out in two structurally similar single-span greenhouses with different thermal curtain positions, with particular attention to energy productivity, specific energy, net energy, and energy ratio. The greenhouses are used for strawberry production. In the R-greenhouse (RGH), the thermal curtain hanged directly at the roof ridge, whereas in the Q-greenhouse (QGH), the thermal curtain was placed 5° from an imaginary vertical axis, from the middle of the roof ridge downwards to the north side of the greenhouse roof. The relevant data were recorded using standard methods. The results indicated that the energy expended in the RGH and QGH systems was 2,186.48 and 2,189.26 MJ/m², respectively. Electricity and nitrogen fertilizer contributed the highest energy input in both greenhouses and in all seasons. The output energy was 3.12 and 3.82 MJ/m², respectively, in RGH and QGH in season I and 4.40 and 4.87 MJ/m² in season II. In terms of energy expended, there was no significant difference between the two greenhouses, nor between the two seasons. These results indicate that greenhouses of the size used in this investigation are not viable in terms of energy productivity, energy-use efficiency, and subsequent economic performance. However, further studies should be conducted to scale-up the information obtained from this investigation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.1101-1116
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• 1996

It is desirable to use the renewable energy for the greenhouse heating in winter season, it makes possible not only to save fossil fuel and conserve green farm environment but also to promote the quality of agricultural products and reduce the agricultural production cost. In this study the heat pump system was developed to use the natural energy as thermal energy resource for the thermal environment control of the greenhouse.