• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2020

감초는 다년생 콩과(Leguminocae) 식물로 국내에서 시중가격이 높은 만주감초가 일부 재배되고 있다. 우리나라에서 감초 재배법이 불완전한 상황에서 한반도의 기후변화에 의한 온도 상승은 약용작물의 생산 및 품질에 많은 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되므로 본 연구에서는 재배환경 중 온도 조건만 조절할 수 있는 온도구배터널(temperature gradient tunnel system)을 이용하여 4개의 T1(외기온도+0.5~1.3℃), T2(+1.3~2.2℃), T3(+2.2~3.2℃), T4(+3.2~4.0℃) 처리로 온도구배 하여 4년생 만주감초(Glycyrrhiza uralensis F.)를 재배하였다. 지하부가 오래된 모주와 신초1의 경우 저온(T1)과 중간구간(T2, T3)에서 초장과 총화수가 우세하였고, 번식이 가장 늦은 신초2의 경우 중간구간(T2, T3)에서의 생육 및 개화반응이 뚜렷했다. 각 온도처리구마다 3개의 감초 개체를 선발하여 모주의 정단으로부터 5개의 성엽을 채취하였다. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)은 AccuPower® GreenStar^TM RT-qPCR Master Mix (Bioneer, Korea)를 이용하여 진행되었다. Primer 디자인은 NCBI Primer-blast 프로그램을 사용해 제작하였고 ABI StepOne real time system (Applied Biosystem)의 melting curve analysis에서 one-peak test를 통해 gene specific primer임을 확인하였다. 각 온도처리구의 감초 잎에서 RNA를 추출하였고, RT-qPCR을 통해 감초의 유전자 발현양상을 비교, 분석하였다. Phytochrome interacting factor 4 (PIF4)는 식물 호르몬을 유발하는 전사조절을 조정함으로써 고온 신호전달에 핵심적인 역할을 수행한다. 활성화된 Phytochrome B(PhyB)는 PIF4의 활성을 억제한다고 알려졌다. Eukaryotic initiation factors(eIFs)는 mRNA 번역 개시인자로 유전자 발현과 특정 단백질 생산을 조절하는 역할을 한다. 본 결과는 온도조건에서 반응하는 생리적 변화를 전사체 수준에서 조사 분석하여 생리해석의 기초자료로 활용, 국내 감초 재배를 위한 환경조건 구명 및 적지 선정 기초자료로서 활용을 기대한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.396-407
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• 2020

As fossil fuels are depleted worldwide, alternative resources is required to replace fossil fuels, and biofuels are in the spotlight as alternative resources. Biofuels are produced from biomass, which is a renewable resource to produce biofuels or bio-chemicals. Especially, in order to substitute fossil fuels, the research focusing the biofuel (biodiesel) production based on CO₂ and biomass achieves more attention recently. To produce biomass-based biodiesel, the development of a supply chain network is required considering the amounts of feedstocks (ex, CO₂ and water) required producing biodiesel, potential locations and capacities of bio-refineries, and transportations of biodiesel produced at biorefineries to demand cities. Although many studies of the biomass-based biodiesel supply chain network are performed, there are few types of research handled the uncertainty in CO₂ supply which influences the optimal strategies of microalgae-based biodiesel production. Because CO₂, which is used in the production of microalgae-based biodiesel as one of important resources, is captured from the off-gases emitted in power plants, the uncertainty in CO₂ supply from power plants has big impacts on the optimal configuration of the biodiesel supply chain network. Therefore, in this study, to handle those issues, we develop the two-stage stochastic model to determine the optimal strategies of the biodiesel supply chain network considering the uncertainty in CO₂ supply. The goal of the proposed model is to minimize the expected total cost of the biodiesel supply chain network considering the uncertain CO₂ supply as well as satisfy diesel demands at each city. This model conducted a case study satisfying 10% diesel demand in the Republic of Korea. The overall cost of the stochastic model (US$ 12.9/gallon·y) is slightly higher (23%) than that of the deterministic model (US$ 10.5/gallon·y). Fluctuations in CO₂ supply (stochastic model) had a significant impact on the optimal strategies of the biodiesel supply network.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-139
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• 1984

The Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag hydrothermal vein-type deposits which comprise the Sambong mine occur within calc-alkaline volcanics of the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin. The ore mineralization took place through three distinct stages of quartz (I and II stages) and calcite veins (III stage) which fill the pre-existing fault breccia zones. These stages were separated in time by tectonic fracturing and brecciation events. The reflection variations of one mineral depending on mineralization sequence are considered to be resulted from variation in its chemical composition due to different physico-chemical conditions in the hydrothermal system. The reflection power of sphalerite increases with the content of Fe substituted for Zn. Reflectances of the sphalerite grain are lower on (111) than on (100) surface. The spectral profiles depend on the internal reflection color. Sphalerite, showing green, yellow and reddish brown internal reflection, have the highest reflection power at $544m{\mu}$ (green), $593m{\mu}$ (yellow) and $615m{\mu}$ (red) wavelength, respectively. Chalcopyrite is recognized as biaxial negative from the reflectivity data of randomly oriented grains measured at the most sensitivity at $544m{\mu}$. The microindentation hardness against the Fe content (wt. %) for the sphalerite increases to 8.05% Fe and then decreases toward 9.5% Fe content. Vickers hardness of the sphalerite is considerably higher on surface of (100) than on (111). The relationship between Vickers hardness and crystal orientation of the galena was determined to be $VHN_{(111)}$ > $VHN_{(210)}$ > $VHN_{(100)}$. The softer sulfides have the wider variation of the diagonal length in the indentation. Diagonal length in the indentation is pyrite

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

Background: The light emitting plasma (LEP) has recently attracted attention as a novel artificial light source for plant growth and functional component enhancement. We investigated the effects of LEP on whitening and antioxidant activities of the plant parts of perilla. Methods and Results: Previously germianted seeds of perilla were cultivated under different light conditions (fluoresce lamp, LED red, blue, white, green, and LEP) in a culture room for 2 months. Parts of perilla were harvested and extracted in 70% EtOH. The extracts were used to detect total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), reducing power and tyrosinase inhibition activity as indicators of biological activity. Biological activity was highest in seedlings grown under LEP. The total phenolic content was highest in the stems and the total flavonoid content was highest in the roots of perilla exposed to LEP. The DPPH and ABTS radical activity in all the parts of perilla exposed to LEP were higher by approximately three-fold compared to that in the control (fluoresce lamp). The reducing power values of perilla significantly increased after treatment with LEP. In addition, all the extract of perilla plants exposed to LEP promoted the tyrosinase inhibitory activity. These results suggest that LEP can be an important artificial light source for enhancement of biological activity. Conclusions: LEP could promote whitening and antioxidant activity of perilla.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1477-1485
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• 2012

This study examined urbanization effects and the causes of urbanization, urban population growth, increase of the city scale, land cover change, and human cultures and economic activities, using the daily minimum temperatures of the past 50 years (1961-2010) with the subject of Busan and analyzed correlations between urbanization effects and the causes of urbanization. Thereby, this paper drew a conclusion as below: 1) Due to the urbanization effects, the average annual daily minimum temperature increased as about $1.2^{\circ}C$; however, except for the factor of urbanization, the increase was shown as about $0.2^{\circ}C$. The occupancy of urbanization effects in the total temperature increase was quite high as about 83%. 2) Just like other cities experiencing urbanization, Busan, too, sees population growth and the expansion of city area as well as increased urbanization effects. First of all, correlation between population growth and urbanization effect was high as 0.96 before 1985 while it was lowered as 0.19 after 1985. Also, correlation between the increase of city area and urbanization effect was high as 0.64 and 0.79 before and after 1985. 3) Regarding the correlation between long-term land use change and urbanization effect, urbanization effect was affected greatly by the increase of city area (0.97) and reduction of green area (0.92). 4) Concerning human activities possible to affect the climatic factors of a city, this paper found the following factors: road length, car increase, power use, and the consumer price index, etc. And regarding the correlation between the three factors and urbanization effect, the correlation was higher in the consumer price index (0.97), the number of registered cars (0.89), power use (0.75), and road length (0.58) in order.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.442-448
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of guar gum on the rheological behaviors, sensory attributes, and consumer acceptability of soft tofu stew sauce. Five different soft tofu stew sauces were commercially manufactured with various levels of guar gum (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5%). Twelve sensory attributes of the stew sauces were identified by nine trained descriptive panelists, whereas hedonic levels of the stew sauces were assessed by a group of 51 consumers. Steady flow of the stew sauces were measured by a rheometer. Significant differences were observed in terms of sensory saltiness and viscosity among the products. For the consumer test, 0.1% guar gum-added product was most liked by consumers. Partial least square regression showed sensory shellfish, green onion, and shrimp flavors to be key factors affecting overall acceptability for the stew sauces. For rheological behaviors, 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2% guar gum-added products showed newtonian behaviors ($R^2$=0.99 by power law model), whereas 0.4 and 0.5% products followed pseudoplastic behaviors ($R^2$=0.99 by power law model). Based on the established equivalence table using rheological and consumer data, smaller than 0.0114 ($Pa{\cdot}s$) of the apparent viscosity should be necessary to guarantee 'slightly like' category in a consumer hedonic test. It seems that addition of guar gum not only influenced rheological properties but overall acceptability for the stew sauces.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1045-1050
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• 2014

$N_2O$(Nitrous Oxide) is known as the third major GHG(Green House Gas) following $CO_2$(Carbon Oxide) and $CH_4$(Methane). The GWP(Global Warming Potential) factor of $N_2O$ is 310 times as large as that of $CO_2$ because $N_2O$ in the atmosphere is very stable, and it becomes a source of secondary contamination after photo-degradation in the stratosphere. Investigation on the cause of the $N_2O$ formation have been continuously reported by several researchers on power sources with continuous combustion form, such as a boiler. However, in the diesel engine, research on $N_2O$ generation which has effected from fuel components has not been conducted. Therefore, in this research, author has investigated about $N_2O$ emission rates which was changed by nitrogen and sulfur concentration in fuel on the diesel engine. The test engine was a 4-stroke direct injection diesel engine with maximum output of 12 kW at 2600rpm, and operating condition of that was set up at a 75% load. Nitrogen and sulfur concentrations in fuel were raised by using six additives : nitrogen additives were Pyridine, Indole, Quinoline, Pyrrol and Propionitrile and sulfur additive was Di-tert-butyl-disulfide. In conclusion, diesel fuels containing nitrogen elements less than 0.5% did not affect $N_2O$ emissions in the all concentrations and kinds of the additive agent in the fuel. However, increasing of the sulfur additive in fuel increased $N_2O$ emission in exhaust gas.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.577-583
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• 2011

To meet the requirements of the Tier 4 interim regulations for off-road vehicles, emissions of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) must be reduced by 95% and 30%, respectively, compared to current regulations. In this research, both the DPF and HPL EGR systems were investigated, with the aim of decreasing the PM and NOx emissions of a 56-kW off-road vehicle. The results of the experiments show that the DOC-DPF system is very useful for reducing PM emissions. It is also found that the back pressure is acceptable, and the rate of power loss is less than 5%. By applying the HPL EGR system to the diesel engine, the NOx emissions under low- and middle-load conditions are reduced effectively because of the high differential pressure between the turbocharger inlet and the intake manifold. The NOx emissions can be decreased by increasing the EGR rate, but total hydrocarbon (THC) emission increases because of the increased fuel consumption needed to compensate for the power loss caused by EGR and DPF.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.385-391
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• 2006

Physicochemical properties of hydroxypropylated waxy rice starches were investigated to reduce steeping-time of yukwa (Korean oil-puffed rice snack) processing. Swelling power of hydroxypropylated waxy rice starch increased at relatively higher temperature $(60^{\circ}C)$ than native waxy rice starch $(70^{\circ}C)$. Solubility of hydroxypropylated waxy rice starches increased with increasing propylene oxide content. Pasting temperature $(66.3-66.9^{\circ}C)$ and peak viscosity (216-232 RVU) of hydroxypropylated waxy rice starch were higher than those of native starch (179 RVU) and increased with increasing propylene oxide content. DSC thermal transitions of hydroxypropylated waxy rice starches shifted toward higher temperature. Amylopectin melting enthalpy of hydroxypropylated waxy rice starch (8.4-9.2 J/g) was similar to native starch (9.0 J/g). X-ray diffraction patterns of native and hydroxypropylated waxy rice starches showed typical A-type pattern with no significant differences between them, suggesting hydroxypropylation only affected amorphous region. Results suggest hydroxypropylated waxy rice starch is not applicable for yukwa due to low puffing efficiency and dark color.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.113-123
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• 2011

Recently, the global warming problem has arised around world, many nations has set up a various regulations for decreasing $CO_2$. In particular, $CO_2$ emissions reduction effect is very powerful in transport part, so there is a rising interest about development of green car, or electric vehicle in auto industry. For this reason, it is important to make a strategy for charging infra and forcast electric power demand, but it hasn't introduced about demand forecasting electric vehicle. Thus, this paper presents a demand forecasting for electric vehicles using choice based multigeneration diffusion model. In this paper, it estimates innovation coefficient, immitation coefficient in Bass model by using hybrid car market data and forecast electric vehicle market by year using potential demand market through SP(Stated Preference) experiment. Also, It facilitates more accurate demand forecasting electric vehicle market refelcting multigeneration diffusion model in accordance with attribute progress in development of electric vehicle. Through demand forecasting methodology in this paper, it can be utilized power supply and building a charging infra in the future.