• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.72
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• pp.293-316
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• 2022

This paper argues that Christian education for sustainability should be a spiritual education that fosters the spirituality of contentment, poverty, sharing, and justice through a critical review of the concept of "Sustainable Development" (SD), which emerged to overcome today's climate and ecological crisis. To this end, first of all, the efforts and limitations of international cooperation to overcome the deepening environmental problems will be considered. That is, economic interests have been prior to the environmental issues. When it comes to the 'Green Revolution,' there has been a huge gap between the ideal and the reality, so a sustainable society has become distant. Faced with this situation, Christian theology has been trying to build a new theological paradigm, breaking away from the limits of anthropocentric and afterlife-centered theology based on the dichotomy between the physical and the spiritual. Through such theological reflections, Christian education needs to carry out spiritual education focusing on how to deal with the problem of human greed for the restoration of the created world. In this regard, this paper presents the spirituality of contentment, poverty, sharing, and justice. For developing it, this article suggests deep theological reflection and repentance on human greed, listening to the victim's voice, moderation in consumption, investigation of alternative cases, and decisive action to reveal the truth from the victim's point of view.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.423-430
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• 2024

Cymbidium (C.) spp. 'Wedding Day' was developed by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in 2021. This cultivar was derived from the artificial cross between C. 'Boksam Holiday' and C. 'Persicolor' in 2008. After the crossing, 112 seedlings were obtained through in vitro germination and transferred to the green house. Based on their vegetative and flowering characteristics, two lines were selected through the first selection. To confirm the stability and uniformity of the two lines, the first and second trials were conducted from 2017 to 2021. As a result, the final line with the code 'C0844-29' was selected as 'Wongyuo F1-78'. After evaluating consumer preference, the line was named as 'Wedding Day'. This hybrid is medium sized cultivar with long vase life of cut flowers and more than 11 white flowers per stalk. It has 63.2 cm of erect stalks which are suitable for cut flower. The leaves are 65.8 cm long and located lower than the flowers, providing appropriate shape for viewing the flowers. It starts flowering from late January. It has sufficient proliferation ability to enable mass proliferation for commercial use (Registration No. 9523).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.903-919
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• 2024

This study attempted to investigate the mediating effects of brand authenticity in the influence of Purchasing tendency on brand loyalty by greenwashing in eco-friendly cosmetics with a goal of making a contribution to the growth and development of eco-friendly cosmetics industry. This study attempted to investigate the mediating effects of brand authenticity in the influence of Purchasing tendency on brand loyalty by greenwashing in eco-friendly cosmetics with a goal of making a contribution to the growth and development of eco-friendly cosmetics industry. As for the research method, a survey was conducted on women in their 20s and 40s using eco-friendly cosmetics, and the final 836 copies of data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 20.0 statistical program. The results found the followings: awareness of greenwashing had an influence on purchasing tendency, brand authenticity and brand loyalty. purchasing tendency revealed an influence on brand authenticity and brand loyalty. And brand authenticity influenced brand loyalty, brand authenticity showed a mediating effect in relationships between purchasing tendency and brand loyalty. Therefore, we hope that it will help consumers make a rational buying decision and develop the eco-friendly cosmetics industry.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.27-45
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• 2024

This study analyzed the problems and promotion plans of shipping finance for eco-friendly ships to respond to marine pollution reduction regulations. The overall level of awareness of the problems of eco-friendly ship financing was found to be average(4.0~4.53), as the demand for construction and introduction of eco-friendly ships is not yet high. However, the response to the item about shipping fiance companies' lack of awareness of the importance of eco-friendly ships was low at 3.35. In the plan to promote eco-friendly ship finance, The need for security token offering(STO) and converting financial settlement to Korean won were low. Issuance of green bonds, creation of sovereign wealth fund(SWF), utilization of pension and superannuation fund, accelerated depreciation after construction, interest subsidy of government, establishment of a shipping exchange(promoting the introduction of eco-friendly ships), and development of eco-friendly ship supply chain connections were evaluated slightly higher than average. However, it was found that there is a high need for supporting shipping subsidies, providing special benefits for financial institutions, strengthening credit guarantees, reviving tax benefits for ship investment funds, providing incentives for early retirement vessels, establishing cooperative networks, supporting research and development, and establishing standards for operation eco-friendly ships. However, in seven promotion plans, such as strengthening credit guarantees, the level of awareness of shipping companies was statistically significantly higher than that of shipping fiancé companies.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2006

This research was carried out to determine the effect of controlling nitrogen application on tiller development, yield, and quality of rice under scanty or excess seedling stands in direct-seeded rice on flooded soil surface. Seedling stand was set to 3 levels: scanty $(60/m^2)$, optimum $(120/m^2)$, and excess $(200/m^2)$. In the scanty plot, additional 4 kg/10a nitrogen was applied at the 3rd leaf stage to promote tiller development. On the other hand, applying 3.3 kg/10a nitrogen at 5th leaf stage in the excess plot was omitted to suppress tillering. Maximum numbers of tillers per plant were 15.2 and 8.6 in scanty and excess plots, respectively, as compared with 9.8 in optimum plot. Productive tiller rate decreased with the increase in number of seedling stands. Regardless of seedling density, the first tiller developed on the 3rd node of rice stem from the bottom. The primary tillers developed at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 nodes in scanty plot, 3, 4, 5 nodes in optimum plot, and 3, 4 nodes in excess plot. The secondary tillers developed only in some portion of plants in scanty and optimum plots. The order of tiller emergence was negatively correlated to stem length, panicle length, non-productive tiller number, grain number per panicle, and fertility in scanty plot, and to perfect grain ratio in excess plot. In the optimum plot, however, the order of tiller emergence was not correlated to any of the mentioned characteristics. The perfect grain ratio of scanty plot was the highest because green-kerneled rice was a very small portion in the primary tillers as compared with those of optimum and excess plots. Yield indexes of scanty and excess plots were 99%, and 97%, respectively, of the yield (494 kg/10a) in optimum plot. In conclusion, when seedling stands are not at optimum level, rice yield and quality similar to optimum planting density level can be obtained by means of controlling nitrogen application.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.158-166
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• 2008

The pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa (Tephritidae: Diptera), is one of the most important pests in Cucurbitaceae plants. This study was conducted to investigate the basic ecology of B. depressa, and to develop a forecasting model for predicting the time of adult emergence in early season. In green pumpkin producing farms, the oviposition punctures caused by the oviposition of B. depressa occurred first between mid- and late July, peaked in late August, and then decreased in mid-September followed by disappearance of the symptoms in late September, during which oviposition activity of B. depressa is considered active. In full-ripened pumpkin producing farms, damaged fruits abruptly increased from early Auguest, because the decay of pumpkins caused by larval development began from that time. B. depressa produced a mean oviposition puncture of 2.2 per fruit and total 28.8-29.8 eggs per fruit. Adult emergence from overwintering pupae, which was monitored using a ground emergence trap, was first observed between mid- and late May, and peaked during late May to early June. The development times from overwintering pupae to adult emergence decreased with increasing temperature: 59.0 days at $15^{\circ}C$, 39.3 days at $20^{\circ}C$, 25.8 days at$25^{\circ}C$ and 21.4 days at $30^{\circ}C$. The pupae did not develop to adult at $35^{\circ}C$. The lower developmental threshold temperature was calculated as $6.8^{\circ}C$ by linear regression. The thermal constant was 482.3 degree-days. The non-linear model of Gaussian equation well explained the relationship between the development rate and temperature. The Weibull function provided a good fit for the distribution of development times of overwintering pupae. The predicted date of 50% adult emergence by a degree-day model showed one day deviation from the observed actual date. Also, the output estimated by rate summation model, which was consisted of the developmental model and the Weibull function, well pursued the actual pattern of cumulative frequency curve of B. depressa adult emergence. Consequently, it is expected that the present results could be used to establish the management strategy of B. depressa.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2015

Under the premise that parks have been a performing field of welfare ideology that benefits the citizen from the past, the present study began with a basic question on what substance a park has and how it has worked. Therefore, this study tried to find out the theoretic background that can explain the roles of a park as an instrument for welfare, of which topic is currently being discussed, and examine how the ideology in the debate regarding welfare characteristics of parks are differentiated from those of social welfare. In addition, this study divided the process of development of parks defined by Galen Cranz in an attempt to view how welfare benefits offered by parks have changed in their development and looked into the roles and types of welfare functions that parks provided to the citizens under a certain social situation by period. Furthermore, the characteristics and development of the ideology underlying a welfare park were examined by function and element in its progression. The results of this study are as follows. The functions that parks have performed so far can be classified into three categories. First, they have a remedial function. Parks have given direct services to 'the socially disadvantaged' such as relief, fostering, and rehabilitation. Second, parks have played a preventive function. They aim to reinforce the functions of individual, family, group, and community. Third, they have exerted a developmental function. They function to promote change of society in a way for it to contribute to social development. Looking into the roles and functions of parks from the perspective of their beneficiary class and benefits, the following were discovered. First, the beneficiaries of welfare characteristics in parks have expanded to the general public from the poor class, and the benefits of parks have spread into the public including the underprivileged in a real sense. Second, the significance of welfare characteristics in parks has also changed from literal benefits to caring for basic human rights. Third, the purpose of welfare characteristics in parks has changed from providing minimal conditions to optimal conditions. At its beginning, the ideology of welfare in parks remained ideal, confining itself to their idealistic characteristics; but as time went on, they created several social benefits in response to various social demands, developing into a field where welfare ideology manifests and is realized in an active manner. Furthermore, it was witnessed that the parks and welfare of the present times are standing at the point of contact for participation and universal well-being. The present study reconsidered the meaning and value of parks from perspective of them as a provider of welfare benefits as well as examined how the welfare ideology of parks is connected to practice. By doing so, this study discovered the various roles, values, and ideology that parks should bear in the future. Therefore, this study is expected to be a good example for future research related to the topic.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 2012

This study was performed to determine light-adaptability under indoor lighting for Korean wild Daphniphyllum macropodum, and to provide an introduction plan for indoor spaces of landscape architecture. The experimental plants, Daphniphyllum macropodum were purchased from a farmhouse in Jejudo as anannualplant, and it was acclimatized in the glass-green house of the general farm of Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology for40 days. The experiment was performed from February 15, 2010 to November 15, 2010. First, in the case of the fluorescent lamp, the growth and development condition was poor because the plants withered, or the leaves fell off under the 100lux to 500lux, but the condition under 1,000lux was good In the aspects of the number of leaves, form of the tree, photosynthesis rate in its body, and the value of sight, the best light intensity for the growth condition was under the 1,000lux. Second, in the case of the LED light, the growth and development condition was poor because the plants withered, or the leaves fell off under 100lux to 1,000lux, but the smooth growth and development was done under a more light intensity. The best intensity for the growth condition was under 2,000lux. Third, in the case of the three-wave light, the withering was serious by 1,000lux, and the growth and development was the worst amongst the four introduced lighting systems, therefore, growth under the three-wave light was incongruous. The best intensity for the growth condition was under 2,000lux. Fourth, in the case of the optical fiver, the withering did not existed under 100lux and growth was possible. The growth and development was the amongst in the four introduced lighting systems. Generally, in the more light intensity, more growth was observed, but the value of sight was higher under 1,000lux than under 2,000lux because the falling rate of leaves and the form of the tree was stable. The most effective light was under 1,000lux due to the high photosynthesis in its body. When Daphniphyllum macropodum is introduced into the indoor landscaping space considering the light, the optical fiber, fluorescent lamp, and LED light are suitable to introduce. The three-wave light is unfit. The most proper light intensity by the light source, in the case of the optical fiber, and fluorescent lamp, is 1,000lux, and, in the case of LED light, is 2,000lux. The wild Daphniphyllum macropodum is the species of tree to substitute the Schefflera actinophylla which is the introduced species, and it is expected to be use as the central tree in indoor spaces.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2001

The biological effects of the iminoctadine tris (albesilate) and kresoxim-methyl for the protection of citrus postharvest diseases caused by penicillium spp. were assayed. In vitro tests, $EC_{50}$ values of iminoctadine tris(albesilate) were $0.01{\sim}0.02\;and\;0.01{\mu}g$ a.i./mL against mycelial growth of P. italicum and P. digitatum, respectively, but iminoctadine tris(albesilate) at $0.64{\mu}g$ a.i. /mL inhibited a little mycelial growth of unknown Penicillium sp. which produced another symptom different to blue and green mold caused by P. italicum and P. digitatum, respectively. And against germination and growth of germ tube of P. italicum and P. digitatum, $EC_{50}$ value of iminoctadine tris(albesilate) was $0.0013{\sim}0.0025{\mu}g$ a.i./mL. But spore germination of unknown Penicillium spp. was not nearly inhibited at $0.2{\mu}g$ a.i./mL. $EC_{50}$ values of kresoxim-methyl were $0.08{\sim}0.16$, 0.04 and $0.16{\mu}g$ a.i./mL against mycelial growth of P. italicum, P. digitatum and unknown Penicillium sp., respectively, and $0.04{\sim}0.08{\mu}g$ a.i./mL and $0.01{\sim}0.02{\mu}g$ a.i./mL against germination and growth of germ tube of P. italicum and unknown Penicillium sp., and P. digitatum, respectively. Iminoctadine tris(albesilate) and kresoxim-methyl were markedly effective to control the postharvest disease by 7 days spray prior to harvest. When the fruits were sprayed with iminoctadine-tris(albesilate) ($200{\mu}g$ a.i./mL) and kresoxim-methyl ($155{\mu}g$ a.i./mL) 7 days prior to harvest and subsequently stored for 90 days, the percentage of diseased fruit by Penicillium spp. was $3.6{\pm}1.8%$ in treatment of kresoxim-methyl and $5.9{\pm}1.8%$ in iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), respectively. On the other hand, tile percentage of diseased fruit was relatively high, $20.3{\pm}10.0%\;and\;19.5{\pm}9.6%$ in thiophanate-methyl ($700{\mu}g$ a.i./mL) and non-treatment, respectively. Maximum residue amount (ppm) among fruits (flesh and peel) assayed 0, 30, 60 and 90 days after storage was 0.45 and 0.10 ppm in treatment of kresoxim-methyl and iminoctadine, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the change of environmental capacity in Yong-in City, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea through calculation of ecological footprint indices and analysis of their changes, and to suggest implications for urban development and planning. In this study, we analyzed ecological footprints of 1993, 2003, and 2013 to understand the patterns of land use changes and development in Yong-in City. We also compared the GIS land cover maps and ecological footprint indices to figure out land cover changes associated with resource consumption in Yong-in City. As a result, we found the following three lessons. First, the ecological footprint indices of Yong-in City are 3.20(gha) in 1993, 6.50(gha) in 2003, and 11.15(gha) in 2013. This implies that the ecological footprint of Yong-in City is much larger than 1.80(gha), the globally required ecological footprint per capita and 3.56(gha), the average ecological footprint of South Korea. Second, the forest ecological footprint of Yong-in City was calculated as the largest, followed by the ecological footprints of energy, food, and built environment. In particular, the forest ecological footprint was the most rapidly increased from 0.002(gha) in 1993 to 7.32(gha) in 2013, followed by energy ecological footprint from 0.87(gha) to 2.38(gha). This implies that the provision and consumption of timber are seriously unbalanced, and energy consumption is unsustainable because of the rapid increase of residential and commercial land development in the city. Third, our analysis of the rapid increase of forest ecological footprint indicates that the disturbed forest areas are concentrated in the increased built environment areas. We also observed that the increase of energy ecological footprint indices was caused largely by the increase of the commercial and road areas. This implies that Yong-in City should minimize forest disturbance and expand green areas for future in the city. In addition, this may provide a reasonable ground that the city should reduce the use of fossil fuels and facilitate the use of renewable energy.