• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.425-432
• /
• 2011

Concrete was identified as the significant GHG emission source resulting from a GHG emission analysis of railway infrastructure. An environmental assessment method (life cycle assessment; LCA) and low carbon railway infrastructure design strategy development method (ECODESISGN PILOT) were applied to develop low carbon railway infrastructure design strategies. The railway infrastructure was analyzed as a raw material intensive industry emitting large amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) at its construction stage. Therefore, in this study, it is analyzed that current status of GHG emission at its construction stage, and a method reducing GHG emission of railway infrastructure is proposed. In this study, eco-concrete, concrete aging prevention agent and a low carbon railway route decision method based on a need of low carbon railway infrastructure construction technology application for green railway development were considered.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.294-310
• /
• 1999

Firstly, the goals and the domains of contents of environmental education was classified in order to systematize the contents of environmental education which would be taught in each subject. According to these goals and domains of contents, the contents of 10 subjects (Korean Language, Ethics, Social Studies, Mathematics, Science, Music, Arts, Physical Practicum(Technology and Heme Economics), English were analyzed. The norms in the analysis of the goals of environmental education by each subject were 4 domains: information and knowledge, skills, value & attitudes, & action and participation. The norms in the analysis of the contents of environmental education by each subject were 11 domains: natural environment, artificial environment, population, industrialization/urbanization, resources, environmental pollution, environmental preservation and measures, environmental sanitation, environmental ethics, environmentally sound and sustainable development(ESSD), and sound consumption life. As a result, it was found that all the 4 domains of goals in environmental education could come true. Furthermore, the goals of environmental education were found to be reached in the subjects of Korean Language, Music, Arts, Physical Education, Mathematics, English, etc., which had been thought to have nothing to do with environmental education. It was also found that the contents of each subject could deal with its own unique environmental contents. The result of this study can keep all subject from overlapping in environmental contents, and can make the most of each subject’s characteristics. Also, the result of this study will be referenced in developing the teaching and learning materials for environmental education according to each subject.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 1990

Differences in the major components between non-greening and greening garlic bulbs were compared, and the several factors to be affected on the greening were investigated to study on the greening phenomenon occured in garlic puree made from stored garlic bulbs. From the several chemical analyses it was found that the contents of total nitrogen and lipid were lower in the greening than in the non-greening bulb but the contents of pyruvic and succinic acid were not. The content ratio of glutamic acid to total amino acid and the composition ratios of linoleic and linolenic acid were high in the greening bulb in comparsion with the non-greening. The protein pattern of the greening bulb by SDS-PAGE was significantly differed from that of the non-greening, especially in molecular weight ranges of 45.0-66.2 Kd. From the studies on the effects of pH, temperature and duration on the development of green color in the garlic powder solution, the optimum pH for the greening was 5.5 and maximum degree of the greening in the pH adjusted solution was shown after 30 min at $50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 2009

This paper established the range of the wavelength of traffic lights to detection the color of traffic lights and the color component segmentation with the range of the wavelength. Development of traffic light automatic discrimination system is consists of the color detection and the traffic lights recognition. In this thesis, it established the range of the wavelength of traffic lights to detection the color of traffic lights and the color segmentation with the range of the wavelength. By the segmentation, the traffic light colors(red, orange and green) can be detected and the background is changed into gray image. Next, we proposed the algorithm which can detect the area of traffic lights in the various surroundings with the wavelet transformation algorithm. Also, we proposed traffic lights recognition algorithm using between the edge operator and the Hausdorff distance algorithm based on CBIR(Content-based Image retrieval). Therefore, the proposed algorithm is more superior to the conventional algorithm by experimenting with the illumination including the traffic lights and the backgrounds with various images.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.39-56
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 국토의 친환경적 개발을 위한 제도적 장치 중 하나인 환경성검토의 강화방안을 마련하고자 경기도 남양주시 오남면 팔현리 일대의 골프장개발예정자를 대상으로 한 환경성검토서를 분석하였으며, 또한 대상지의 정확한 평가를 위해 현존식생도, 녹지자연도, 군집의 발달기원, 천이단계, 군집의 희소성, 식물의 희소성 판단의 6개 항목을 선정, 적용한 결과 본 대상지는 개발계획읜 축소. 조정항목으로 판단되었다. 친환경적인 개발을 위한 환경성검토 강화방안을 계획적인 측면에서는 적정대상지의 선정과 이식수목의 산정을 제도적인 측면에서 표토보존 및 이용에 관한 법률과 자연훼손보상제도를 제안하였다. 추가조상대상지역(면적: 1.436, DGN 7이 254, 587$\m^2$. DGN7(8)이 207,235$\m^2$ DGN 5가 163,259$\m^2$, DGN 2는 184,129$\m^2$로 나타나 대상지와 추가조사지역 일부를 포함한 적정대상지를 선정하였다. 이식수종은 성상별로 소나무 1종, 낙엽활엽교목 19종, 낙엽활엽아교목 11종, 낙엽관목 30종, 만경목 11종이었고, 이식가능면적은 639,310$\m^2$이었으나, 보존지역을 제외한 실제 이식가능한 지역은 275, 366$\m^2$으로 나타났다. 대상지의 내 이용가능한 표토량은 137.681㎥이었으며, 보존지역 중 불가피한 훼손면적은 43,938$\m^2$로 나타나 이에 상응하는 가치의 습지나 소생물권 등을 조성하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.747-755
• /
• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides accumulation responses to temperature are critical to quality formation in cold-dependent American ginseng. However, the studies on cold requirement mechanism relevant to ginsenosides have been limited in this species. Methods: Two experiments were carried out: one was a multivariate linear regression analysis between the ginsenosides accumulation and the environmental conditions of American ginseng from different sites of China and the other was a synchronous determination of ginsenosides accumulation, overall DNA methylation, and relative gene expression in different tissues during different developmental stages of American ginseng after experiencing different cold exposure duration treatments. Results: Results showed that the variation of the contents as well as the yields of total and individual ginsenosides Rg1, Re, and Rb1 in the roots were closely associated with environmental temperature conditions which implied that the cold environment plays a decisive role in the ginsenoside accumulation of American ginseng. Further results showed that there is a cyclically reversible dynamism between methylation and demethylation of DNA in the perennial American ginseng in response to temperature seasonality. And sufficient cold exposure duration in winter caused sufficient DNA demethylation in tender leaves in early spring and then accompanied the high expression of flowering gene PqFT in flowering stages and ginsenosides biosynthesis gene PqDDS in green berry stages successively, and finally, maximum ginsenosides accumulation occurred in the roots of American ginseng. Conclusion: We, therefore, hypothesized that cold-induced DNA methylation changes might regulate relative gene expression involving both plant development and plant secondary metabolites in such cold-dependent perennial plant species.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.251-259
• /
• 2009

As a result of the current trend towards promoting conservation of the ecosystem, there have been various studies conducted to determine ways to establish an ecological network. The development of analytical methods and an environmental database of GIS has made the creation of this network more efficient. This study focuses on the development of an urban spatial decision support system based on 'Landscape Ecology Theory'. The spatial decision support system suggested in this study consists of four stages. First, landscape patch for the core areas, which are major structures of the ecological network, was determined using the GIS overlay method. Second, a forest habitat was investigated to determine connectivity assessment. Using the gravity model, connectivity assessment at the habitat forest was conducted to select the needed connecting area. Third, the most suitable corridor routes for the eco-network were presented using the least-cost path analysis. Finally, a brief investigation was conducted to determine the conflict areas between the study result and landuse. The results of this study can be applied to urban green network planning. Moreover, the method developed in this study can be utilized to control urban sprawl, promote biodiversity.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2012

Ultrastructural studies of germ cell development during spermatogenesis and taxonomic values in mature sperm morphology of Argopecten irradians irradians were investigated by transmission electron microscopic observations. In the early stage of spermatid during spermiogenesis, a few granules and proacrosomal granules are formed by the Golgi complex. In the late stage of spermatid during spermiogenesis, a proacrosomal vesicle becomes an acrosomal vesicle in the acrosome through spermiogenesis. The sperm is approximately $ 45-48{\mu}m$ in length including a jar-shaped sperm nucleus (about $1.45{\mu}m$ long), an acrosome (about $0.34{\mu}m$ long) and tail flagellum. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure. As one of common characteristics of mature sperm morphologies in Pectinidae species in subclass Pteriomorphia, mature spermatozoon consists of the cone-shaped acrosomal vesicle and subacrosomal material on the invaginated jar-shaped nucleus. The acrosomal vesicle of this species is composed of electron high dense opaque part (material) from the base to the tip, as have seen in the species in the subclass Pteriomorphia. Exceptionally, five mitochondria are found in the sperm midpiece of this species, unlike four in most species of Pectinidae in subclass Pteriomorphia. However, the acrosomal vesicle of spermatozoa of A. irradians irradians resemble to those of other investigated Pectinidae species in subclass Pteriomorphia. Therefore, we can use sperm morphology as a tool in the resolution of taxonomic relationships within the Pectinidae species. These morphological charateristics of acrosomal vesicle belong to the family Pectinidae in the subclass Pteriomorphia.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.394-399
• /
• 2009

Since some decades ago, there has been a concern for resource depletion and environmental pollution associated with building properties. In addressing such impact of the built environment, there is a recognition of the existence of alternative building materials, fuels for energy supply as well as technologies for waste handling and disposal. Nevertheless, for long time, the choice between such alternatives was dictated by factors such as differences in prices and aesthetic values. A new important dimension in discriminating between different options is the environmental dimension. This aspect is important since buildings are one of the spatially big new additions to the natural environment that consume a lot of materials and energy during their long lifetime. Thus, with the environmental dimension kept in mind, a existing cost estimation needs to be changed. A new cost assessment method, Life Cycle Cost, should calculate overall costs with dimensional factors: investment and utility costs as well as maintenance costs over the lifetime of the building. Aiming to give an overview of the present status of Building Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) tools as a basis for further research and development including economic performance, this paper describes and compares 3 different tools for Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) and economic analysis of the green buildings. This paper compared these approaches based on various aspects. These include economic analysis method, evaluation duration, data of results(index). Use of the comparison analysis is to produce a better picture and indicate profits and shortcomings for the tools as a group; thus providing important direction improvement of LCA tool as well as further research and development of this group of tools.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.40 no.8
• /
• pp.587-597
• /
• 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of target mRNAs in plants and animals. Here, we aimed to identify miRNAs and their putative targets in Hibiscus syriacus, the national flower of South Korea. We employed high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs obtained from four different tissues (i.e., leaf, root, flower, and ovary) and identified 33 conserved and 30 novel miRNA families, many of which showed differential tissuespecific expressions. In addition, we computationally predicted novel targets of miRNAs and validated some of them using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis. One of the validated novel targets of miR477 was a terpene synthase, the primary gene involved in the formation of disease-resistant terpene metabolites such as sterols and phytoalexins. In addition, a predicted target of conserved miRNAs, miR396, is SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE, which is involved in flower initiation and is duplicated in H. syriacus. Collectively, this study provides the first reliable draft of the H. syriacus miRNA transcriptome that should constitute a basis for understanding the biological roles of miRNAs in H. syriacus.