• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

본 시험은 수수${\times}$수단그라스 교잡종 논토양 재배 시 품종별 생육특성 및 사료적 가치를 규명하기 위하여 실시하였으며, 공시재료는 추천 품종 9품종을 공시하였다. 초장, 엽수, 경의 굵기 및 경경도에 있어서는 Jumbo가 다른 품종에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 수치를 나타냈다(P<0.01). 당도는 P877F > Sweet home > Maxi graze > Green star > Cow pow > G7 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 생초수량과 건물수량에 있어서는 생육특성이 좋았던 Jumbo 품종이 각각 86,199 kg/ha 및 16,206 kg/ha으로 다른 품종에 비하여 가장 높은 수량성을 보였다(P<0.01). 조단백질 함량은 Maxi graze가 6.5%로 가장 높게, 조지방 함량은 Honey chew BMR이 2.1%로 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 그리고 Jumbo와 G7 품종은 NDF 및 ADF 함량이 높은 품종으로 나타났다(P<0.01). TDN 함량은 품종 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 무기물 함량은 Cow pow > Turbo gold > Jumbo > Honey chew BMR > G7 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 총구성 아미노산 함량은 Maxi graze > Sweet home > Turbo gold > Honey chew BMR > Jumbo 순으로 높게 나타났다. 단백질 생산량 및 지방 생산량은 각각 Turbo gold (814.6 kg/ha) 및 Honey chew BMR (309.8 kg/ha)이 가장 높게 나타났으며(P<0.01), 광물질 생산량은 Cow pow 품종이 207.6 kg/ha로서 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 구성 아미노산 생산량과 TDN 생산량은 Sweet home 품종이 각각 592.2 kg/ha 및 10,194 kg/ha로 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 이상 결과를 종합해 보면 수수${\times}$ 수단그라스 교잡종을 논토양에서 재배 시 생육특성 및 각종 영양수량이 다양하게 나타남으로서 품종 선택은 이용 목적에 따라 선택 재배하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2001

Yeso sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) grazed on various types of plants, and the fiber content in these plants was low. The tastes of yeso sika deer for existing feeds for ruminant livestock resembled those of sheep. Though the digestibility of these feeds in yeso sika deer was slightly lower than that in sheep, the nutritive values of DCP and TDN were similar between the two species, suggesting that feed for sheep can be utilized. Therefore, in small-scale farming of yeso sika deer, the feeding amount in feeding planning can be determined using the feeding standards for sheep. However, when concentrates are fed, correction of TDN is necessary. In large-scale pasturage, the nutritional intake in summer is adequate because yeso sika deer graze on various types of wild plants. In winter, they mainly graze on sasa (Sasa senanensis), and supplementary food may be necessary to supply TDN. Thus, since yeso sika deer graze on many types of wild plants, existing feeds for ruminant livestock can be used. In addition, plant biomasses except concentrates that do not cause competition with existing livestock may be effectively utilized in yeso sika deer, suggesting their importance as animal resources. The data on the intake and nutritive values of Sasa senanensis can be parameters for estimating the appropriate inhabitant number of wild yeso sika deer in wintering areas.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1987

These experiments were conducted at the upland of Livestock Farm, Seoul National University, Suweon to determine the growth characteristics, winter-hardiness and forage yield of selected southern and northern-types of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) in comparison with the Korean native rye over two seasons, 1977-78 and 1980-8 1. During the 1977-78 season, most southern-type rye varieties except Explorer and Abruzzi headed 2 to 6 days earlier than the Korean native rye and 6 to 10 days earlier than northerntype rye varieties Rymin and Puma, while in 1980-81 southern-type rye varieties headed 5 to 7 days earlier than the Korean native rye, therefore, the Korean native rye seemed to be medium in maturity. There were no significant differences in winter-hardiness among different rye varieties with the exception of the lowest winter survivals of Wintergrazer 70, Explorer and triticale, and Gator, Explorer and Florida Black during the 1977-78 and 1980-8 1 seasons, respectively. Southern-type rye varieties tended to yield more forage than northern-type and the Korean native rye varieties when harvest was made in the later part of April. During 1977-78 season, Vita-Graze, Elbon and Athens Abruzzi rye varieties produced significantly more forage than the Korean native rye, but in 1980-81 Wrens Abruzzi rye produced significantly more forage than the Korean native rye. Based on the results of the two seasons, southern-type rye varieties,Vita-Graze, Athens Abruzzi, Elbon and Wrens Abruzzi could be recommended as a source of green forage for livestock in April in middle-northern parts of Korea.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2010

Two male reticulated giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata), 21-year-old, died of nutritional deficiency that primarily caused by serious tooth wear at Seoul Zoo in winter. A 970 kg-weighed giraffe showed tooth wear of premolars, molars and incisors at necropsy. A foreign body in the rumen, congestion and ulcer of abomasum and duodenum were also observed. Mild appearance of serous fat atrophy in pericardial sac suggests that lack of nutritional intake caused by tooth wear can become harmful enough to threat life. At the necropsy of a 1,290 kg-weighed giraffe, a large quantity of sandy soil were found in the rumen which would stuck the pathway of well-fermented ruminal contents at esophageal groove. Nutritional deficiency could be suspected to urge this giraffe to graze grass on the ground along with sandy soil. Secondarily, the soil damaged teeth and become a culprit making irregular tooth wear and mild serous fat atrophy. Nutritionally good care of geriatric animals is needed especially for browsing animals like giraffes and critically in winter season.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1976

The study is an attempt to prepare the raw graze can replace the lead glaze that has been used for a long time as Korean Kimchi-jars. 1) The batch of the glaze that show the similar properties and appearance of lead-glaze were 40% of Yongin or Anseong Yakto, 40% of Ash and 20% of Anhydrous-Colemanite. It's Seger Formula was {0.86 CaO 0.02 MgO 0.12 KNaO} {0.26 Al2O3 0.0007 Fe2O3} 0.92 SiO2 0.3 B2O3 2) The firing temperature of selected glaze was 950-1050℃. 3) As the content of anhydrous-Colemanite was increased, the thermal expansion coefficient was decreased. 4) The color of leadless raw glaze was translucent light yellow. It was possible to obtain the same color as lead glaze by Fe2O3 and MnO2.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2000

The paper provides the characteristic analyses of porcelain suspension insulators. The comparisons of characteristics were made as a function of failed and unfailed insulators which had ben used in the fields. This paper also describes the failure modes occurred in the fields. The aging of cement corrosion of metal breaking of shed puncture in the head and separation of glaze are different failure modes for porcelain suspension insulators. Among these failure modes the puncture breaking and glaze problems were major concerns in this research. The cracks porosities of porcelain and micro-crystals on the graze were the causes of these failures. These results were confirmed by conducting various failure analyses.

• ALGAE
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2013

There is increasing interest in the relationships between marine bacteria and red tide organisms. Some bacteria are known to kill red tide organisms, and may be responsible for accelerating the termination of red tides. Thus, certain algicidal bacteria have been proposed for the control of red tides. Meanwhile, many red tide organisms are known to feed on marine bacteria. The roles of marine bacteria and red tide organisms are therefore reversible. In Korean waters, the killing of red tide organisms by algicidal bacteria, and also the feeding of red tide organisms on marine bacteria have been extensively investigated. The findings of such studies may influence the conventional view of red tide dynamics, and also planktonic food webs. Here, we review the species and concentrations of algicidal bacteria that kill red tide organisms in Korean waters, as well as the ingestion rate and grazing impact of red tide organisms on marine bacteria. Furthermore, we offer an insight into the ecological roles of these 2 components in marine planktonic food webs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.643-649
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• 2002

Availability of feeds and fodder and amount of their intake by large ruminants in eight different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of Bangladesh were recorded over a year. Roughages such as straw, naturally grown green grass, water hyacinth, tree leaves, legumes and sugarcane tops were the major feedstuffs fed to the large ruminants. Amount of intake of these ingredients differed (p<0.01) across AEZ studied, but did not differ across seasons or farmers' categories (p>0.05) except for green grasses (p<0.01). Byproduct concentrates offered to animals in the studied areas were rice bran, wheat bran and different oil cakes. The amount of intake of concentrates by the animals also differed (p<0.01) across AEZs, but did not differ across seasons or farmers' categories (p>0.05), except for rice bran and wheat bran which differed between season and farm category, and season respectively (p<0.01). The large standard errors of mean indicate that there are wide variations in intake of roughages and concentrates across AEZ's, seasons and farmers' categories and even across days. This further indicates that the feeding practices of large ruminants are largely heterogeneous. In addition to feeding roughage and concentrates, the animals were allowed to graze for six hours a day. Grazing hours also differed (p<0.01) across AEZ, but not by farmers' categories or seasons.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2009

The expression of SGLT-1 mRNA has been reported in the small intestine of mammals and the rectum of chickens. However, the expression and functional significance of SGLT-1 in bovine rectum is not known. In this study, we studied the effects of fasting and grazing on SGLT-1 gene expression in biopsy epithelial tissue of bovine rectum. In Japanese Black beef cattle, i) SGLT-1 gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in the biopsy rectal epithelia samples obtained through an endoscope, ii) SGLT-1 gene expression in the rectal epithelial tissues increased at 48 and 72 h after fasting correlating with a decrease in body weight. iii) SGLT-1 gene expression decreased after one month from the start of grazing (May to June) and then stabilized until the end of the grazing period (June to October) in the rectal epithelial tissues of grazing cattle. In conclusion, it is clear that SGLT-1 gene expression in the rectal epithelial tissue is increased by a restricted dietary condition.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

To examine variation in trophic pathways and the characteristics of food webs from organic matters to aquatic insects, we used stable isotopes to study an intermittent stream system of the Inukami River, Japan. The aquatic insects, including Glossosoma spp., Chironominae spp., Stenelmis spp., Rhyacophilla nigrocephala, and Hexatoma spp., were characterized by different feeding strategies. The ${\delta}^{13}C$ values for these species indicated that Glossosoma spp. graze upon periphyton; Chironominae and Stenelmis spp. mainly feed on benthic particulate organic matter, and R. nigrocephala and Hexatoma spp., which were identified as predators, feed upon Glossosoma, Stenelmis, and/or Chironominae spp. This suggests that the trophic position of consumers at each station may be determined by the trophic position of basal food sources in situ. For trophic pathways, the ${\delta}^{13}C$ values for both organic matter and aquatic insects tended to gradually decrease, whilst the ${\delta}^{15}N$ values increased from the upper reach to the lower reaches, relative to the physicochemical and geographical conditions. These parameters indirectly influence the flow of energy from organic matter to consumers within food web in an intermittent stream system.