• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.114-120
• /
• 2010

The effects of grape seeds extract and grape peels extract prepared from grape pomace on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, degree of lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue were investigated in rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet. New Zealand white rabbits were divided as follows ; 1) NOR (normal group); 2) CHOL (cholesterol group); 3) GSH (cholesterol + grape seed extract group); 4) GPE (cholesterol + grape peel extract); 5) GSP (cholesterol + grape seed powder); 6) GPP (cholesterol + grape peel powder); 7) GE (cholesterol + grape seed and peel extract); 8) GP (cholesterol + grape seed and peel powder). Eight groups of rabbits were studied for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, rabbits were sacrificed and the liver tissue were removed. Then, GSH, GPx, GST, CAT and MDA in the liver were measured. In liver tissues, total glutathione contents (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity, which was significantly higher by grape seed extract supplementation. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in the serum of rabbits fed grape seed extract or grape peel powder plus cholesterol than in the serum of rabbits fed cholesterol alone. It is therefore likely that grape seed extract prepared from grape pomace functioned as antioxidants in vivo, negating the effects of the oxidative stress induced by 1% cholesterol diet. The grape seed extract was found effective in converting the oxidized glutathione into reduced glutathione, and in removing $H_2O_2$ that is created by oxidative stress. The grape peel powder was found to have small influence on reduced glutathione content, CAT and GPX activity, but it increased GST activity in liver tissues, resulting in promoting the combination of lipid peroxide and glutathione (GSH), and further, lowering the formation of lipid peroxide in the serum. Therefore, grape pomace (grape seed extract and grape peel powder) supplementation is considered to activate the antioxidant enzyme system and prevent damage with hypercholesterolemia.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.822-828
• /
• 2008

Optimal Chinese-noodle product in the aspect of preference and quality that added functionality, the focus was put on developing the stable high value-added product in a farm household. Experimental results showed that the value for infrared water-content analysis of moisture was $85.74{\pm}0.12%$, crude protein was $1.31{\pm}0.01%$, the crude fat $3.91{\pm}0.08%$, the ash $1.83{\pm}0.01%$, carbohydrate $1.08{\pm}0.03%$, and crude fiber $6.12{\pm}0.10%$. For all experiments with Chinese noodles, the grape peels were frozen and dried, powdered, and filtered with a 150-mesh strainer. The grape-peel powder, was added to the composite flour in a proportion of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. The color of the cooked noodle appeared brown, demonstrating that the L-value decreased as the amount of grape-peel powder increased. The value of a, which corresponds to the level of redness, increased and the cooked noodle appeared brown as the amount of grape-peel powder added increased. The yellowness of the cooked noodle tended to decrease as the value of b, which corresponds to the level of yellowness, gradually (p<0.05). In the texture analysis, hardness was highest in the 7% grape-peel powder group, while the 5% groups showed the highest springness values. The 1% groups showed the highest cohesivness while the 7% groups were the chewiest. The 7% groups had the lowest stickiness values (p<0.05). It terms of sensory quality, the overall surface color, texture and taste were perceived as superior for the 3% grape-peel powder-added groups and lowest for the 7% group (p<0.001). The 3% treatment showed the best overall quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.1416-1423
• /
• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the effect of grape pomace powder (GPP), mangosteen peel powder (MPP) and monensin on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, microorganisms, rumen fermentation characteristic, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen balance in dairy steers. Four, rumen fistulated dairy steers with initial body weight (BW) of $220{\pm}15kg$ were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to receive four treatments. The treatments were as follows: T1 = control, T2 = supplementation with monensin at 33 mg/kg diet, T3 = supplementation with GPP at 2% of dry matter intake, and T4 = supplementation with MPP at 30 g/kg diet. The steers were offered the concentrate diet at 0.2% BW and 3% urea treated rice straw (UTRS) was fed ad libitum. It was found that GPP supplemented group had higher UTRS intake and nutrient digestibility in terms of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber than those in control group (p<0.05). Ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) and blood urea-nitrogen concentration were higher in monensin, GPP and MPP supplemented groups (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acids and propionate in the GPP group were higher than those in the control group (p<0.05) while acetate concentration, and acetate to propionate ratio were decreased (p<0.01) when steers were supplemented with GPP, monensin, and MPP, respectively. Moreover, protozoal populations in GPP, MPP, and monensin supplementation were significantly lower than those in the control group (p<0.05), while cellulolytic bacterial population was significantly higher in the control group (p<0.05). Nitrogen retention, microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis were found significantly higher in steers that received GPP (p<0.05). Based on this study it could be concluded that the GPP has potential as an alternative feed supplement in concentrate diets which can result in improved rumen fermentation efficiency, digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in steers fed on treated rice straw.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.80-88
• /
• 2016

천연색소 혼합물의 생리활성을 검증하고자 하고자 천연색소 7종에 대하여 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성과 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성, 콜레스테롤 흡착활성 및 COX-2 저해활성을 측정하였으며, 활성이 우수하였던 시료 3종(아선약, 오배자, 정향)을 선별하였다. 선정된 3종 시료의 혼합물 4종(아선약+오배자, 아선약+정향, 오배자+정향, 아선약+오배자+정향)에 대해서는 콜레스테롤 흡착활성, COX-2 저해활성, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 및 ${\alpha}$-amylase 저해활성을 측정하였다. 천연색소 시료들은 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성에 비해 ABTS 라디칼 소거활성이 더 우수하였으며, 콜레스테롤 흡착활성은 정향이 유의적으로 높았고, COX-2 저해활성은 아카시아 분말이 유의적으로 낮았으며, 여타 시료간에는 유의적인 활성의 차이가 없었다. ${\alpha}$-Amylase 저해활성은 아선약과 오배자에서 높았으나, 혼합물들에서는 서로간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase 저해활성은 아선약 분말이 가장 높았고, 아선약이 첨가된 혼합물의 활성이 더 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 천연색소의 생리활성은 혼합물로 조성하여 활용할 때 시너지 효과를 얻을 수 있으나, 조합되는 물질간의 상호작용에 따라 활성의 증감 정도는 상이하므로 이에 대해서는 앞으로 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.