• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.173-180
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• 2006

Autotrophic nitrogen removal and its microbial community from a laboratory scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor were characterized with dynamic behavior of nitrogen removal and sequencing result of molecular technique (DNA extraction, PCR and amplification of 16S rDNA), respectively. In the experiment treating inorganic wastewater, the anaerobic granular sludge from a full-scale UASB reactor treating industrial wastewater was inoculated as seed biomass. The operating results revealed that an addition of hydroxylamine would result in lithoautotrophic ammonium oxidation to nitrite/nitrate, and also hydrazine would play an important role for the success of sustainable nitrogen removal process. Total N and ammonium removal of 48% and 92% was observed, corresponding to nitrogen conversion of 0.023 g N/L-d. The reddish brown-colored granular sludge with a diameter of $1{\sim}2\;mm$ was observed at the lower part of sludge bed. The microbial characterization suggests that an anoxic ammonium oxidizer and an anoxic denitrifying autotrophic nitrifier contribute mainly to the nitrogen removal in the reactor. The results revealed the feasibility on development of high performance lithoautotrophic nitrogen removal process with its microbial granulation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of surfactant on the dissolution of relatively hydrophilic drugs, such as sulfanilamide (SF) and sulfacetamide (SFA) granules prepared by wet granulation. The additive incorporated in the granules is starch or microcrystalline cellulose(MCC) as an excipient, PVP as a binder, and polysorbate 80 (P-80) as a surfactant. The dissolution characteristics of SF and SFA granules in distilled water were as follows: The values of T$_{75%}$ were 4.60 and 2.50min, respectively for SF and SFA granules. Incorporation of 0.1% P-80 in SF granule ratarded the dissolution of SF as compared with control, but addition of 0.1% P-80 to SFA granule improved the dissolution of SFA in comparison with control. In SF and SFA granules formulated with either starch or PVP, the release of the drug was increased as compared with control. In SF granule, the dissolution of the drug was further reduced by the inclusion of P-80 in the granule containing starch or PVP. Incorporation of P-80 in SFA granule with starch or PVP affected little on the dissolution of the drug. Addition of a nonswelling excipient, MCC decreased the dissolution rate of SF and SFA granules. as compared with each control. The presence of P-80 in these granules made the dissolution rate slower in comparison with the granules containing only MCC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.301-304
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new fuzzy set-based polynomial neuron (FSPN) involving the information granule, and new fuzzy-neural networks - Fuzzy Set based Polynomial Neural Networks (FSPNN). We have developed a design methodology (genetic optimization using Genetic Algorithms) to find the optimal structure for fuzzy-neural networks that expanded from Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH). It is the number of input variables, the order of the polynomial, the number of membership functions, and a collection of the specific subset of input variables that are the parameters of FSPNN fixed by aid of genetic optimization that has search capability to find the optimal solution on the solution space. We have been interested in the architecture of fuzzy rules that mimic the real world, namely sub-model (node) composing the fuzzy-neural networks. We adopt fuzzy set-based fuzzy rules as substitute for fuzzy relation-based fuzzy rules and apply the concept of Information Granulation to the proposed fuzzy set-based rules.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.507-516
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• 1993

The Chlorhexidine(CHX) has been a widely used adjunt in periodontal therapy due to its bactericidal effect. In spite of the effects of CHX exhibits cytotoxic to human cells and delays granulation tissue formation. Therefore, understanding the effects of CHX on fibroblast attachment and cell growth will provide the rationale for its use during healing phase of periodontal surgery. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of standardized CHX-pretreated dentin slices and direct CHX exposure on human gingival fibroblasts. The results were as follow : 1. In experiment 1, there was a significant reduction in the number of fibroblast attachment in 0.12, 1%-pretreated groups relative to the control, 0.05%-pretreated groups(P<0.05). 2. In experiment 1, the control, 0.05%-pretreated groups showed considerable attachment and typical fibroblastic morphology, but 0.12, 1%-pretreated groups showed irregular, round-up (unattached) fibroblastic morphology. 3. In experiment 2, it appeared that all experimental groups exhibits significant inhibition of cell growth when compared with the control group.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Complications arising from endotracheal intubation are uncommon but, when they do occur, can be significant. Placement of an endotracheal tube frequently results in trauma to the underlying laryngeal and tracheal tissue, although the trauma is usually reversible. Occasionally, these changes can be of a more permanent nature and result in severe impairment of the airway and/or voice. It is proposed that a common factor-gastroesophageal reflux-might be responsible. This study was performed in order to develop the animal model of LPRD using rats and investigated that LPRD could produce significant damage to larynx especially vocal cords. Materials and Methods : The each four rats were used in the experiment and control study. Each was anesthetized and larynx was exposed and injured in the unilateral aritenoid. Injured site was contact with normal saline(control group) and synthetic gastric juice(experimental group). The larynx was examined after 7days in normal environment. Results : All was survived in the control group and two was survived in the experimental group. In the control group, some inflammation cells was found but in the experimental group, granulation was found. Conclusion : We developed animal model of LPRD using rat and thought LPRD may Play an important role in the development of permanent laryngeal injury.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.81-81
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• 1993

Tracheal stenosis in children are often the result of prolonged intubation and its treatment depends on the severity and extent of the involved segment. Repeated surgical endoscopic procedures may be indicated in those with mild stenoses mainly consisting of granulation tissues, However, surgical reconstruction of the airway should be performed in patients with severe, extensive stenoses composed of mature scar tissue. The senior author has successfully managed such patients with cartilage graft augmentation and tracheal resection anastomosis. This is a presentation of 9 pediatric patients with tracheal stenosis who have been successfully treated by resection anastomosis. The details of the cases and indications for this type of surgery are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate five cases with chronic Achilles tendon rupture that occurred after steroid injections. Materials and Methods: In our hospital, we experienced five cases of chronic Achilles tendon rupture from September 2010 to March 2012. All patients had got steroid injection for Achilles tendinitis at the other hospitals, and their heel pain was aggravated when they visited our outpatient department. After treatment, signs and symptoms of Achilles tendon rupture were developed and the diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surgical treatment was done for Achilles tendon rupture. Results: There was difference between intra-operative findings of Achilles tendon rupture and usual chronic Achilles tendon rupture. Unlike usual findings of chronic Achilles tendon rupture whose scar tissue or tissue attenuation are found around the defect area of Achilles tendon, there were partial necrosis of tendon severe adhesion with surrounding tissue, extensive defect and longitudinal rupture on ruptured area. Also, severe inflammation of paratenon, granulation and fibrinoid deposit were found on biopsy findings in four cases. Conclusion: Based on review of data about relative risk and benefit of local corticosteroid injection to inflammatory lesion in Achilles tendon, it requires more attention to Achilles tendon rupture following local corticosteroid injection.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.716-721
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• 2017

SiAlON-based ceramics are some of the most typical ceramic materials used as cutting tools for HRSA(Heat Resistant Super-Alloys). SiAlON can be fabricated using ceramic processing, such as mixing, granulation, compaction, and sintering. Spray drying is a widely-used method for producing a granular powder of controlled morphology and size with flowability. In this study, we report a systematic investigation aimed at optimizing spherical granule morphology by controlling spray-drying parameters such as gas flow and feed rate. Before spray drying, the viscosities of the raw material slurries were also optimized with the amount of dispersant added.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1976.06a
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• pp.87.3-87
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• 1976

The authors experienced a case of a difficult decannulation in a 4 years old boy, in which. case decannulation was possible 2 years later a tracheostomy. Some immunoglogical phenomena could be considered in this case as though cancer can remiss spontaneously. Such complications of tracheostomy as subglottic edema and perichondritis could become relatively less troublesome to breathing during his aging process. And another reason for the easy decannulation is considered as the patient could be accustomed to breathing through natural air pathway by continual cannula corking training.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

A total of 55 patients underwent surgical managements for postintubation tracheal stenosis from July 1975 through March 1997. All but 8 had received ventilatory assistance. The patients had S cuff lesions, 17 stoma lesions, 7 at both levels, 5 at subglottic lesions. Thirty two patients underwent the sleeve tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Five patients performed a wedge resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Twenty two patients received the Montgomery T-tube for relief of airway obstruction. Simple excision of granulation tissue was done in 7 patients. Rethi procedures(anterior division of cricoid cartilage, partial wedge resection of lower thyroid cartilage and T-tube molding) were performed in 2 subglottic stenosis patients. And the other subglottic patient was received permanent tracheal fenestration at 1975. The tracheoesophageal fistula patient was done sleeve tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis with interrupted double layer closure of esophageal fistula site. Cervical approach was used in 49 cases, cervicomediastinal in 13 cases and median stemotomy In 6 cases. Techniques for obtaining tension-free anastomosis included a cervical neck flexion(15-30$^{\circ}$) in all sleeve resection patients and laryngeal release in one. The length of resection was 1.5 to 5.0 on A total of 41 patients(74.5%) had good(24 patients) or satisfactory(17 patients) results. But in ten cases, the restenosis of anastomosis site which is the most common complication was developed Two of them underwent a second reconstruction and 8 patients required T-tube insertion for airway maintenance. Three patients(5.4%) died. The causes of death were tracheo-innominate artery fistula(2) and sudden obstruction of airway(1).