• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2014

In this study, portland cement (PC) has been partially replaced with a Class F fly ash (FA) at level of 70 % to produce high-volume FA (HVFA) concrete (F70). F70 was modified by replacing FA at levels of 10 and 20 % with silica fume (SF) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and their equally combinations. All HVFA concrete types were compared to PC concrete. After curing for 7, 28, 90 and 180 days the specimens were tested in compression and abrasion. The various decomposition phases formed were identified using X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the formed hydrates was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated higher abrasion resistance of HVFA concrete blended with either SF or equally combinations of SF and GGBS, whilst lower abrasion resistance was noted in HVFA blended with GGBS.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2007

In the recent design of high ductile engineered cementitious composites (ECC), optimizing both processing and mechanical properties for specific applications is critical. This study employs a method to develop useful ECC produced with slag particles (slag-ECC) in the field, which possesses different fluid properties to facilitate diverse types of processing (i.e., self-consolidating or spray processing). Control of rheological modulation was regarded as a key factor to allow the performance of the desired processing while retaining the ductile material properties. To control the rheological properties of the composite, the basic slag-ECC composition was initially obtained, determined based on micromechanics and steady-state cracking theory. The stability and consequent viscosity of the suspensions were then mediated by optimizing the dosage of the chemical and mineral admixtures. The rheological properties altered through this approach were revealed to be effective in obtaining ECC-hardened properties, represented by pseudo strain-hardening behavior in uniaxial tension, allowing the readily achievement of the desired function of the fresh ECC.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2013

최근 시멘트 생산 시에 발생하는 다량의 $CO_2$로 인한 환경문제가 심각한 실정이며, 이러한 환경문제를 해결하기 위해 고로슬래그 미분말과 같은 산업부산물을 시멘트 대체 재료로 사용한 알칼리 활성 슬래그 콘크리트에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. AAS 콘크리트는 상온에서 고강도 발현이 가능하지만 알칼리 반응으로 인한 빠른 응결시간과 유동성 손실로 인해 작업시간 확보에 어려움이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 알칼리 활성 콘크리트의 구조 부재 적용을 위한 기초 자료 확보를 위해 AAS 모르타르의 압축강도 및 유동 특성에 시멘트용 유동화제가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 물-결합재비(W/B)는 0.35로 고정하고 알칼리 활성화제로 수산화나트륨과 물유리를 사용하여 AAS 모르타르를 제조하였으며, 유동성 확보를 위해 4종의 유동화제인 나프탈렌(N), 리그닌(L), 멜라민(M), PC(P) 계를 각각 슬래그 질량대비 최대 2%까지 첨가하여 압축강도, 플로우, 초음파 속도를 측정하였다. 실험결과, 멜라민계 유동화제를 첨가한 경우 AAS 모르타르의 압축 강도 저하 현상 없이 유동성이 증진되는 것으로 나타났으며, 나프탈렌계와 PC계의 경우에는 유동성 개선효과가 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2012

최근 시멘트 제조시 발생되는 다량의 이산화탄소로 인한 온난화 현상이 심각한 실정이며, 이러한 환경문제와 자원 고갈 문제를 동시에 해결하기 위해 고로슬래그와 같은 산업부산물을 콘크리트 배합에 사용하는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 일반적으로 고로슬래그는 대체율 20~50%의 범위에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있으나, 최근에는 고로슬래그를 100% 사용한 알칼리 활성 슬래그 콘크리트의 개발 및 실용화 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고강도 알칼리 활성 콘크리트의 구조 부재 적용을 위한 기초 자료를 확보하기 위해 알칼리 활성화 슬래그 모르타르의 초기 재령특성을 조사하였다. 물-결합재비(W/B)는 0.3, 0.4, 0.5의 3수준으로 하고 알칼리 활성화제인 NaOH를 슬래그 질량대비 4%, 8%, 12% 첨가한 AAS 모르타르의 압축강도, 플로우, 초결과 종결, 초음파속도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 물-결합재비가 낮을수록 높은 압축강도가 발현되었으나 시간 경과에 따라 플로우가 저하하고 응결시간이 빨라지는 것으로 나타나 고강도 알칼리 활성 콘크리트를 제조하기 위해서는 적절한 유동화제의 사용이 필수적이라고 판단된다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2019

매립지 감소 및 천연 잔골재의 부족으로 인해 산업부산물을 콘크리트의 골재로 사용하려는 연구가 최근 들어 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 EOS 잔골재를 치환하여,OPC 콘크리트 배합과 GGBFS 배합을 대상으로 초기재령에서의 공학적 특성을 평가하였다. 실험은 EOS 잔골재를 0%, 30%, 50%로 치환, GGBFS를 0%, 40% 치환하여 물-결합재비 60% 콘크리트로 실험을 진행하였다. 굳지 않은 콘크리트에서 슬럼프, 공기량, 단위용적질량을 평가하였으며, 경화 콘크리트에서 압축강도와 NT BUILD 492 방법을 이용한 염화물 확산계수를 도출하고 EOS 골재 치환에 따른 내구성능을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 실험결과 EOS 잔골재를 치환함에 따라 재령 3일, 7일까지는 압축강도 발현이 각 기준 배합에 비해 증가함을 확인하였지만, 재령 28일에서는 일부 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 촉진 염화물 침투 실험결과, GGBFS 콘크리트 배합에서 OPC콘크리트 배합과 비교하여 약 60~67% 감소하였으며, EOS 잔골재 50% 치환 배합에서 가장 낮은 염화물 확산계수가 나타남에 따라 EOS 잔골재가 OPC 및 GGBFS 콘크리트에 사용될 수 있는 공학적 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.421-431
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• 2019

The alarming rate of depletion of natural stone based coarse aggregates is a cause of great concern. The coarse aggregates occupy nearly 60-70% by volume of concrete being produced. Research efforts are on to look for alternatives to stone based coarse aggregates from sustainability point of view. Response surface methodology (RSM) is adopted to study and address the effect of ferrochrome slag (FCS) replacement to coarse aggregate replacement in the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) based concretes. RSM involves three different factors (ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as binder, flyash (FA) as binder, and FCS as coarse aggregate), with three different levels (GGBS (0, 15, and 30%), FA (0, 15, and 30%) and FCS (0, 50, and 100%)). Experiments were carried out to measure the responses like, workability, density, and compressive strength of FCS based concretes. In order to optimize FCS replacement in the OPC based concretes, three different traditional optimization techniques were used (grey relational analysis (GRA), technique for order of preference by similarity (TOPSIS), and desirability function approach (DFA)). Traditional optimization techniques were accompanied with principal component analysis (PCA) to calculate the weightage of responses measured to arrive at the final ranking of replacement levels of GGBS, FA, and FCS in OPC based concretes. Hybrid combination of PCA-TOPSIS technique is found to be significant when compared to other techniques used. 30% GGBS and 50% FCS replacement in OPC based concrete was arrived at, to be optimal.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.445-448
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• 2008

콘크리트는 골재, 시멘트와 물이 주 구성성분이지만 현대 구조물의 다양화 및 해양환경 구조물의 증가로 해수에 대한 저항성이 우수한 콘크리트의 개발과 환경적 측면에서의 자원재활용이라는 사회적 관심 또한 증폭되고 있다. 따라서 내구성 향상, 고강도화, 현장에서의 워커빌리티 향상, 운반, 경제성 향상 등의 고성능 콘크리트의 필요성이 요구되어 오고 있다. 또한 고강도 영역의 고성능 콘크리트는 단위결합재량이 많으므로 수화열의 상승으로 콘크리트 균열에 의한 내구성능 저하의 원인이 되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수화열의 억제 목적으로 Plain 실험체와 기본적으로 플라이애쉬 20%, 고로 슬래그 미분말 30%, 45% 치환한 조건에서 물-결합재비 26%, 30%, 34%인 실험체를 제작하여 이에 따른 압축강도 및 중성화 특성과 중성화 영역과 미중성화 영역을 대상으로 XRD(X-ray diffraction) 분석을 통하여 혼화재 치환량에 의한 특성을 평가하였다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.271-288
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• 2017

This paper aims to investigate the effects of replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in self compacting concrete in the fresh and hardened state. The performance of SCC in moderate climate is well investigated but few studies are available on the effect of hot environment. In this paper, the effect of initial water-curing period and curing conditions on the performance of SCC is reported. Cement was substituted by GGBFS by weight at two different levels of substitution (15% and 25%). Concrete specimens were stored either in a standard environment (T=$20^{\circ}C$, RH=100%) or in the open air in North Africa during the summer period (T=35 to $40^{\circ}C$; R.H=50 to 60%) after an initial humid curing period of 0, 3, 7 or 28 days. Compressive strength at 28 and 90 days, capillary absorption, sorptivity, water permeability, porosity and chloride ion penetration were investigated. The results show that the viscosity and yield stress are decreased with increasing dosage of GGBFS. The importance of humid curing in hot climates in particular when GGBFS is used is also proved. The substitution of cement by GGBFS improves SCC durability at long term. The best performances were observed in concrete specimens with 25% GGBFS and for 28 days water curing.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.183-196
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• 2018

The rheological behaviour of high strength self compacting concrete (HS-SCC) studied through an experimental investigation is presented in this paper. The effect of variation in supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) $vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ four different types of processed crushed sand as fine aggregates is studied. Apart from the ordinary Portland cement (OPC), the SCMs such as fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) ultrafine slag (UFS) and micro-silica (MS) are used in different percentages keeping the mix -paste volume and flow of concrete, constant. The combinations of rheology, strength and durability are equally important for selection of mixes in respect of high-rise building constructions. These combinations are referred to as the rheo-strength and rheo-durability which is scientifically linked to performance based rating. The findings show that the fineness of the sands and types of SCM affects the rheo-strength and rheo-durability performance of HS-SCC. The high amount of fines often seen in fine aggregates contributes to the higher yield stress. Further, the mixes with processed sand is found to offer better rheology as compared to that of mixes made using unwashed crushed sand, washed plaster sand, washed fine natural sand. The micro silica and ultra-fine slag conjunction with washed crushed sand can be a good solution for high rise construction in terms of rheo-strength and rheo-durability performance.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.601-613
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• 2023

Low liquid limit silt, widely distributed in the middle and down reaches of Yellow River, has the disadvantages of poor grading, less clay content and poor colloidal activity. It is very easy to cause vehicle jumping at the bridge-embankment transition section when the low liquid limit silt used as the backfill at the abutment back. In this paper, a series of laboratory tests were carried out to study the physical and mechanical properties of the low liquid limit silt used as back filling. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) was excited by active MgO and hydrated lime to solidify silt as abutment backfill. The optimum ratio of firming agent and the compaction and mechanical properties of reinforced soil were revealed through compaction test and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) test was used to study the pore characteristics and hydration products of reinforced soil. 6% hydrated lime and alkali activated slag were used to solidify silt and fill the model of subgrade respectively. The pavement settlement regulation and soil internal stress-strain regulation of subgrade with different materials under uniformly distributed load were studied by model experiment. The effect of alkali activated slag curing agent on curing silt was verified. The research results can provide technical support for highway construction in silt area of the Yellow River alluvial plain.