• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and biological activities of $Sorghum$ $bicolor$ germplasms introduced from USA. Plant height, stem diameter, tiller number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf vein color, ear type, ear length and ear width have different from the cultivated accessions. Sweet-N-Sterile (#4) showed the tallest height, widest ear-width and stem diameter. Most of $Sorghum$ $bicolor$ plants may be available to use for bio-energy from these results showing big biomass. Antioxidant activities of 11 cultivars collected from USA were examined by DPPH assay and reducing power. Among the cultivars, Premium stock (#1), Early Sumac (#7), SS Silage (#9) and WGF Grain Sorghum (#11) showed a significantly higher antioxidant activity in comparison to others. Early Sumac (#7) and SS silage (#9) showed more strong reducing power activities than ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, a positive control. Premium stock (#1), Sweet-N-Sterile (#4), Early Sumac (#7) and SS Silage (#9) were also showed high antioxidant activities by DPPH assay and reducing power experiment. BMR Gold I (#3) displayed strong antimicrobial activity against $Escherichia$ $coli$ at minimum inhibitory concentrations (125 ${\mu}g$/ml).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.109-119
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• 2002

Rice production in Korea began to rise significantly after 1970. Rice is the dominant food in Korea and most of the rice production (about 95%) is consumed as cooked rice. it provides over 4,000Kj of energy per capita per day. Apparent rice availability in 2000, 93.6Kg of milled rice per person annually. The non-allergenic character of rice offers a sound basis for development of products for markets for all age groups. Whole grains are washed rice, coated rice, enriched rice in Korea. Utilization of rice as food can be categorized three categories in Korea; direct food use, processed foods, and brewing. Rice for direct consumption include regular whole grain, precooked rice, brown rice and specialty products such as aseptic cooked rice, retort cooked rice and rice burger. Rice used for processed foods includes that for cereal, soup, baby food, snack, cake, noodle, brown rice tea, and minor unclassified uses. Rice use for brewing is for the production of fermented rice wine. The use of rice for direct food is by for the greatest of the three uses. Although direct food accounts for the largest domestic consumption, a significant quantity of rice is used in processed products. The use of rice by-products as human food should not be over looked. Utilization of by products(rice germ, rice bran) requires a specialized technology. Typical type of rice is black rice. When cooked, black rice gives a black color to cooked rice. Glutinous rice performs specific functions in several commercial products such as dessert, gravis, cake and snack. Rice starch production is quite limited because of the high cost of making of starch. Rice processed products in Korea are occupied small parts of total rice production compared to Japan. Rice cake (Garadog) is the principal from of rice product consumed in Korea. Rice cake and snack is usually prepared from non-glutinous milled by washing, grinding, steaming, cooling and packaging. Rice cake will be continued to be a major rice product in Korea. Rice products represent a means to study variety differences in rice grain quality, since the processing magnifies differences not normally detected from more boiling. Recently, rice processing companies in Korea are about 400 ones which uses rice about 160,000tons. New rice processed products and modified traditional products must be developed and diversified with high quality and processing properties of rice processed products are improved.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.388-394
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• 2008

This study was carried out to develop new cultivars using the $T_5$ generation of transformed rice by PCR analysis with DNA marker in each generation $(from\;T_3\;to\;T_5)$. In the previous study, we successfully developed the transgenic rice plants over-expressing the Arabidopsis $H^+/Ca^{2+}$ antiporter CAX 1 (accession no. U57411) gene. The calcium concentration in brown rice of transgenic plants was higher than that of donor plants, Iipum, and was selected 3 lines out of 25 lines at cultured GMO field. The major agronomic traits such as culm length, panicle length and panicle number of 3 lines at transgenic plants $(T_5)$ were similar to wild type. Also these lines appeared to have disease resistance to rice blast, cold resistance as compared with donor types. The grain shape was similar to donor plant, however, the 1000 grain weight of brown rice was different from transgenic plants. These finding would be used for basic data of new variety registration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1173-1179
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• 2012

The importance of genetic stability and bio-safety in the environment has recently been recognized for many (genetically modified) GM plants. This study evaluated the GM safety of transgenic rice and its environmental variance. Data on agronomic characters and principal component were collected for vitamin A-enriched GM rice and four check cultivars in a large GM field trial during 2009-2011. The cultivation environment was a large GM field and a greenhouse. In this experiment, there was no significant difference between the agronomic characters of the GM rice and those of a donor plant, 'Nagdong'. In terms of grain characteristics, the appearance and physicochemical characteristics of the GM rice and those of the donor plant were similar. However, the grain of the GM rice developed a white core and a white belly when planted in the greenhouse. The type and distribution of dominant weed species were not different in the GM rice and the 'Nagdong'. In addition, gene flow was not detected in the dominant weed species based on PCR analysis.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.440-446
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• 2016

This study introduces the characteristics of current-voltage (I-V) and impedance variance for $ZnO-Zn_2BiVO_6-Co_3O_4$ (ZZCo), which is sintered at $900^{\circ}C$, according to temperature changes. ZZCo varistor demonstrates dramatic improvement of non-linear coefficient, ${\alpha}=66$, with lower leakage current and higher insulating resistivity than those of ZZ ($ZnO-Zn_2BiVO_6$) from the aspect of I-V curves. While both systems are thermally stable up to $125^{\circ}C$, ZZCo represents a higher grain boundary activation energy with 1.05 eV and 0.94 eV of J-E-T and from IS & MS, respectively, than that of ZZ with 0.73 eV and 0.82 eV of J-E-T and from IS & MS, respectively, in the region above $180^{\circ}C$. It could be attributed to the formation of $V^*_o$(0.41~0.47 eV) as dominant defect in two systems, as well as the defect-induced capacitance increase from 781 pF to 1 nF in accordance with increasing temperature. On the other hand, both the grain boundary capacitances of ZZ and ZZCo are shown to decrease to 357 pF and 349 pF, respectively, while the resistances systems decreased exponentially, in accordance with increasing temperature. So, this paper suggests that the application of newly formed liquid phases as sintering additives in both $Zn_2BiVO_6$ and the ZZCo-based varistors would be helpful in developing commercialized devices such as chips, disk-type ZnO varistors in the future.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 2017

The East Sea is almost entirely composed of sandy facies, and the facies type is the major factor influencing benthic polychaete communities. There have been few studies of the effects of environmental factors on benthic polychaetes in thermal discharge areas consisting of different sediment types. This study identified the spatial distribution patterns based on the species composition and distribution of benthic polychaete communities, and the environmental factors influencing benthic polychaetes near power plants were investigated. The polychaete communities in the Uljin, Hupo, and Gori coastal areas near the power plants in the East Sea were seasonally investigated from August 2006 to February 2013. As a result, 283 species were collected. The dominant species were Spiophanes bombyx, Magelona japonica, Lumbrineris longifolia, and Sternaspis scutata. Spiophanes bombyx was the dominant species at Uljin and Hupo, but M. japonica was the dominant species at Gori. Two dominant species from the coastal waters of the East Sea, Lumbrineris longifolia and M. japonica, were rare in the power plant water intake or drainage areas. Cluster analysis was performed to divide the study area into groups by the total organic carbon content, sediment grain size and facies patterns. This study suggests that the community structures of polychaetes are more affected by the total organic carbon, grain size of sediment and facies than by disturbance from thermal discharge, which only affected the polychaete community near power plant drainage areas.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2007

The tidal channel is influenced by sediment type, grain size, grain composition and tidal currents in tidal flat. The development of tidal channel including density, shape and order can be used to analyze the characteristics of tidal channel. The quantitative investigation to the tidal channel is insufficiency. In this paper, we represented the fractal analysis method according to the quantitatively analysis in tidal channel and compared with the different intertidal channel patterns. The tidal channel was extracted from the IKONOS image of the southern part of the Kanghwa-do. We used the Box-counting method to estimate fractal dimensions for each tidal channel. As a result, the fractal dimension values (D) were 1.31 in the southern Kanghwa-Do. Linear pattern and less dense channel development area had low D values (from 1.0563 to 1.0672). Dendritic pattern and dense channel development area had high D values (from 1.2550 to 1.3016). In other words, fractal dimension values had difference about 0.2 values according to the characteristic of tidal channel development. We concluded that fractal analysis can be able to quantitatively classification in tidal channel.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.225-238
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• 2018

In this paper, to investigate the influence of installation damage, a variety of full-scale field installation tests with 15 geosynthetics reinforcements and fill materials of various grain size distribution have been performed. The full-scale field installation test was conducted with reference to the FHWA (2009) guidelines. The tensile strength tests were performed by sampling up to 20 specimens randomly from the excavated geosynthetics reinforcements after compaction of fill material, and the degree of decrease in tensile strength of reinforcements due to compaction was analyzed based on the experiment results. It was found that the degree of tensile strength reduction of geosynthetics reinforcements due to the compaction of fill material is greatly influenced by the type of reinforcement and the maximum diameter of fill material. In addition, it was found that the strength reduction ratio of PET geogrid (PVC coating) with relatively small stiffness was greatest, and that the larger the maximum grain size of the fill material, the greater the strength reduction ratio. And also, a more reasonable evaluation method for the installation damage reduction factor of geosynthetics reinforcements is proposed based on the results of full-scale field installation tests in present study and the existing test results.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

Varietal difference of eating quality by milling degree was investigated for total nine rice varieties comprised of three varieties each as excellent, good, and normal according to sensory evaluation results of cooked rice. Nine varieties were analyzed for their physicochemical properties and for the sensory evaluation according to five different degree of milling(5.5~13.5% based on brown rice). Overall score obtained through sensory evaluation was found the best in the milling degree at 9.5% and 11.5%. The overall score by rice variety was categorized into type A that showed high score at milling degree 9.5%, type B at milling degree 11.5%, and similar type C at both milling degrees 9.5% and 11.5%. The best eating quality was observed in Ilmibyeo and Koshihikari having overall eating quality excellent at milling degree 9.5% and in Chucheongbyeo and Dongjinbyeo having overall eating quality good at milling degree 11.5%. While, Palgongbyeo and Nonghobyeo having eating quality normal showed the best eating quality at milling degree 9.5% and 11.5%. Correlation analysis between overall score and physicochemical properties and five sensory evaluation items by three types of rice showed that Mg content and stickiness of type A, protein content and taste of type B, and K content and appearance of type C were highly significant correlation on overall score by panel test. Therefore, Mg contents might have affected on the stickiness of cooked rice in type A, protein contents on the taste in type B, and K contents on the appearance in type C, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2009

This study was carried out to develop transgenic rice cultivars with the CAX1 (accession no. U57411) gene. We successfully selected the transgenic rice plants over-expressing the Arabidopsis H+/$Ca^{2+}$ antiporter CAX1 (accession no. U57411) gene in T6 generation. The brown rice of the CAX1 expressing rice contained 13.4~68.0 % more calcium $(Ca^{2+})$ than that of the wild type and 5 lines were selected based on the phenotypes compared to the control cultivar at the GMO field. The CAX1 expressing transgenic rice plants were similar in phenotype to the wild type during the whole growth period. Also these selected 4 lines appeared to be resistant to blast, cold and water solution compared with the wild type. Difference in 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was observed among each line but grain shape did not show any morphological alternations. These results suggest the enhanced Ca-substrate specificity of CAX1 exchanger in donor plant. Therefore, intact CAX1 exchanger can be functionally useful for $Ca^{2+}$ nutrient enrichment of rice with reduced accumulation of undesirable cation.