• Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.971-975
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• 2021

This study investigates the effects of grain boundary structures on mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Al-0.7Mg-1.0Cu alloy using nanoindentation system. Grain boundary structure transforms to high angle grain boundaries from low angle ones with increase of heat treatment temperature and the transformation temperature is about 400℃. Young's modulus and hardness are higher in sample with low angle grain boundaries, while creep length is larger in sample with high angle ones. These results indicate that progress of plastic deformation at room temperature is more difficult in sample with low angle ones. During compression test at 200℃, strain softening occurs in all samples. However, yield strength in sample with low angle grain boundaries is higher twice than that with high angle ones due to higher activation energy for grain boundary sliding.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 소나무의 고부가적 이용을 위한 휨가공 특성을 조사하였다. 먼저 휨가공에 영향을 미치는 수종 특성에 대하여 조사하였다. 다음으로 섬유경사각과 휨가공 특성의 관계에 대하여 조사하였다. 시험편은 섬유경사각 $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$와 치수 $10mm(T){\times}20mm(R){\times}350mm(L)$로 제작하였다. 휨가공 전의 고주파조사 시간은 30, 60, 90, 120초로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 섬유경사각의 크기는 휨가공에 있어 탄성계수와 높은 상관이 있었으며, 섬유경사각이 커질수록 휨가공 성능이 크게 증가하였다. 2 강도적인 측면을 고려할 때, 지나치게 큰 섬유경사각은 강도가 약하기 때문에 휩가공채의 용도에 따라 적당한 섬유경사각의 크기가 조정되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 3. 휨가공성은 수종에 따라 현저하게 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었고 수종특성이 명백히 존재하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.48-57
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• 1984

To analyze the grain transport velocity, which is valuable for optimizing the separation losses, an oscillating appratus for sieve was designed. The grain transport velocity was measured in each combination of three amplitude levels, three rpm levels and four projection angle levels. To analyze the grain transport velocity theortically, two computer programs were developed. And the results from experiment and theoretical analysis were compared. 1. The grain transport velocity was increased with the projection angle of oscillating sieve. Especially when the projection angle is higher than $45^{\circ}$ the grain transport velocity on the flat-plate was not increased but on the racked surface was increased persistently. 2. The grain transport velocity was increased linearly with the frequency of oscillating motion. The speed of driving link must be higher than 350 rpm at 24mm amplitude, 250 rpm at 36 mm amplitude to transport the grain efficiently. 3. The grain transport velocity was increased with the amplitude of oscillating motion. But if the amplitude was smaller than interval of racks, the grain on the racked surface was not transported, even though the projection angle or the speed of revolutionary link was increased. 4. The transport characteristics of a grain varied with the amplitude and projection angle. Especially in the range of 1.5 < K < 2.3 at $45^{\circ}$ projection angle the transportation of grain was successful and the grain motion consisted of sliding movement (forward, backward) and jumping movement, which is considered recommendable for separating process of a combine sieve. 5. The results from theoretical analysis were approximately in accord with that from experiment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2020

The radiation induced segregation of Cr at grain boundaries (GBs) in Ferritic/Martensitic steels was modeled assuming vacancy and interstitialcy diffusion mechanisms. In particular, the dependence of segregation on temperature and grain boundary misorientation angle was analyzed. It is found that Cr enriches at grain boundaries at low temperatures primarily through the interstitialcy mechanism while depletes at high temperatures predominantly through the vacancy mechanism. There is a crossover from Cr enrichment to depletion at an intermediate temperature where the Cr:Fe vacancy and interstitialcy diffusion coefficient ratios intersect. The bell-shape Cr enrichment response is attributed to the decreasing void sinks inside the grains as temperature rises. It is also shown that low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and special Σ coincidence-site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries exhibit suppressed radiation induced segregation (RIS) response while high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) have high RIS segregation. This different behavior is attributed to the variations in dislocation density at different grain boundaries.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2004

Effects of the annealing parameters on the formation of ferrites transformed at low temperatures were studied in cold-rolled ultra low carbon steels with niobium and/or chromium. Niobium and chromium were found to be effective in the formation of the low temperature transformation ferrites. The low temperature transformation ferrites more easily formed when both higher annealing temperature and longer annealing time, allowing substitutional alloying elements to distribute between phases, are in combination with faster cooling rate. It was found from EBSD study that the additions of niobium or chromium resulted in the increase in the numbers of high angle grain boundaries and the decrease in those of the low angle grain boundaries in the microstructures. Both granular bainitic ferrite and bainitic ferrite were characterized by the not clearly etched grain boundaries in light microscopy because of the low angle grain boundaries.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.194-202
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• 1996

고온가압성형된 다결정상 titanium diboride내에 형성된 전위구조를 투과전자현미경으로 분석하였다. Ion beam thinner를 사용하여 제작한 박편시편은 전위구조에 대한 특징을 드러내 보였다. 이들 특징들은 전위들로 배열된 적각결정입계, ledges나 steps들이 결정입계면에 존재하는 고각결정입계 등이다. 결정입계에서의 ledges나 steps들은 전위형성이나 결정입계 근처에서의 crack전파와 같은 결함구조로서 평가되었고, 고각결정입계는 부분적으로 결정입계전위를 포함하고 있는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한, 시편의 미세구조에 존재하는 전위들의 Burger's vectors를 결정하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2009년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.38-41
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• 2009

Debonding behavior of symmetric tilt bicrystal interfaces with <100> misorientation axis is investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. FCC single crystal copper is considered in each grain and the model is idealized as a grain boundary under mechanical loading. Embedded-Atom Method potential is chosen to calculate the interatomic forces between atoms. Constrained tensile deformations are applied to a variety of misorientation angles in order to estimate the effect of grain boundary angle on local peak stress. A new parameter of symmetric grain-boundary structure is introduced and refines the correlation between grain boundary angle and local peak stress.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2017

This study presents a simple method to control the seed orientation which leads to the various growth characteristics of a single grain REBCO (RE: rare-earth elements) bulk superconductors. Seed orientation was varied systematically from c-axis to a-axis with every 30 degree rotation around b-axis. Orientations of a REBCO single grain was successfully controlled by placing the seed with various angles on the prismatic indent prepared on the surface of REBCO powder compacts. Growth pattern was changed from cubic to rectangular when the seed orientation normal to compact surface was varied from c-axis to a-axis. Macroscopic shape change has been explained by the variation of the wetting angle of un-reacted melt depending on the interface energy between $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ (Y123) grain and melt. Higher magnetic levitation force was obtained for the specimen prepared using tilted seed with an angle of 30 degree rotation around b-axis.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2019

Although graphene has been successfully grown in large scale via chemical vapor deposition (CVD), it is still questionable whether the mechanical properties of CVD graphene are equivalent to those of exfoliated graphene. In addition, there has been an issue regarding how the tilt angle of the grain boundary (GB) affects the strength of graphene. We investigate the mechanical properties of CVD graphene with nanoindentation from atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Surprisingly, the samples with GB angles of 10° and 26° yielded similar fracture stresses of ~ 80 and ~ 79 GPa, respectively. Even for samples with GB exhibiting a wider range, from 0° to 30°, only a slightly wider fracture stress range (~ 50 to ~ 90 GPa) was measured, regardless of tilt angle. The results are contrary to previous studies that have reported that GBs with a larger tilt angle yield stronger graphene film. Such a lack of angle dependence of GB can be attributed to irregular and well-stitched GB structures.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1997

This study was carried out to find the relationship between anatomical characters and compression strength parallel to grain of Pinus densiflora S. et. Z., the representative conifer species in Korea. The results were as follows ; 1. The compression strength parallel to grain increased with the increase of tracheid length and wall thickness. The strength, however, decreased with the increase of height of uniseriate ray and microfibril angle. 2. The major factors affecting compression strength parallel to grain in heartwood were radial diameter of latewood tracheid and wall thickness of earlywood tracheid but length and tangential diameter of latewood tracheid were the important factors in sapwood.