• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 혈압과 광용적맥파, 국부피부온도변화에 따른 심혈관 파라메터의 통계적 변화와 관계에 대해 연구하였다. 국부피부온도변화는 Finometer의 혈압, 광용적맥파 그리고 총말초저항에 영향을 주었고 오실로메트릭 혈압, 심박수, 심박출량에는 영향을 주지 않는 결과를 얻었다. 그러므로 온도변화가 있는 환경에서 에러를 줄이기 위해 심혈관계의 상태를 광용적맥파로 평가하기위해서는 온도를 제어하거나 보상해 주어야 한다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2003

The present study investigates the fire suppression characteristics using a water mist fire suppression system. Numerical simulations of fire suppression with water mist are performed with considering the interaction of fire plume and water droplet, droplet evaporation, and combustion of pool fire. The predicted temperature fields of smoke layer are compared with that of measured data. Numerical results agree with the experimental results within 5$^{\circ}C$ in the case without water mist In the case of fire suppression with water mist, numerical results dose not predict well lot temperature field in the gradual cooling region after water mist injection. But the predicted results of initial fire suppression are in good agreement with that of measured data. The reason of the discrepancy between predicted and measured data is due to the variation of turning rate during the injection of water mist. The effect of burning rate on the fire suppression is left as future study.

• Carbon letters
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• 제21권
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

Isotropic pitch-based fibers produced from coal tar pitch with the melt-blowing method were carbonized at temperatures ranging from 800 to $1600^{\circ}C$ to investigate their crystalline structure and physical properties as a function of the carbonization temperature. The in-plane crystallite size ($L_a$) of the carbonized pitch fiber from X-ray diffraction increased monotonously by increasing the carbonization temperature resulting in a gradual increase in the electrical conductivity from 169 to 3800 S/cm. However, the variation in the $d_{002}$ spacing and stacking height of the crystallite ($L_c$) showed that the structural order perpendicular to the graphene planes got worse in carbonization temperatures from 800 to $1200^{\circ}C$ probably due to randomization through the process of gas evolution; however, structural ordering eventually occurred at around $1400^{\circ}C$. For the carbonized pitch powder without stabilization, structural ordering perpendicular to the graphene planes occurred at around $800-900^{\circ}C$ indicating that oxygen was inserted during the stabilization process. Additionally, the shear stress that occurred during the melt-blowing process might interfere with the crystallization of the CPF.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1994

VV Cep-type long period spectroscopic-eclipsing binary AZ Cas has been observed for five years, 1985 Oct~1990 Feb, UBV at the Ilsan Station of Yonsei University Observatory. A total of 431 observations (U=129, B=142 and V=160) are made for 86 nights. Instrumental differential UBV and B-V light curves made with these observations cover phases nearly a half of one period. There is no appreciable light variation in V but in other two passbands a gradual decrease of the brightness is clearly noticed. The loss of light in B resulted in a reddening in $\Delta(B-V)$ by + 0.06 at phases between 0.4~0.5 as compared with that of at phase ~0.1. This intrinsic reddening arouses a question why at the orbital phase of the transit of a hot star in front of a cool M supergiant the heating of the facing hemisphere of M supergiant by the strong radiation from the B stat is absent. With regard to this unusual situation we propose a hypothesis that a large amount of gas stream of low temperature ejected from the surface of M supergiant component towards the B star dominates the brightness of B star and the reflection effect.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

Drastic changes in the water quality and phytoplankton community of the new Saemankeum Lakeduring the first decade following the construction of the Saemankeum Sea Wall has been considered to be unavoidable. Input of eutrophicated water through the Mankyeong River and Dongjin River might produce more direct effects on the water quality and phytoplankton community, which lead us to launch a long-term semi-weekly investigation at the "Mankyeong Bridge" monitoring point to resolve its short-term effect as well as long-term stabilization of the ecosystem in the new Saemankeum Lake. During 15 months starting from June 2006, the water temperature varied in accordance with the typical seasonal variations in temperate on the coasts, and no significant daily variations evoked by tidal cycle could be detected. However, there was an inverse relationship between seasonal precipitation and salinity even though the range in annual variation was drastically reduced right after the construction of the Saemankeum Sea Wall. Species richness in the phytoplankton community was also reduced due to the narrowed annual range of salinity, which would eliminate the mid-high salinity species from the Mankyeong Bridge monitoring point. Similarly, species diversity was decreased with increased dominance of the phytoplankton community after the construction. Between the two summer seasons during the present study, species diversity was higher in 2007 than in 2006, which might indicate the early stage of a gradual stabilization in the ecosystem including the phytoplankton community at the monitoring station. The phytoplankton community thus needs to be monitored on a long-term basis to identify indirect signals that can be used to assess the stability of the ecosystem in the young Saemankeum Lake.

• 생태와환경
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• 제33권2호통권90호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2000

수화의 소멸과정에서 수계에 분포하는 세균의 역할을 확인하기 위하여 대청호의 주요 정점에서 환경요인과 종속영양세균 군집, Anabaena cylindrica 생장억제세균의 수층별 연중 변화를 조사하였다. 평균수심은 정점 1에서 25.5m, 정점 2에서 15.0m, 정점 3에서는 12.3m였다. 모든 정점에서 수층별 온도는 하절기를 중심으로 하는 온대지방 수계에서의 전형적인 변화를 나타내었다. 용존산소량은 하절기에 불규칙하게 변화하긴 했지만 수온과 비교적 반비례적인 양상으로 변화하였다. 대체적으로 모든 정점에서 5월 초순까지 점차 감소하던 용존산소량은 이후에는 급격한 변화를 나타내다가 9월 중순 이후에는 점차 증가하는 양상을 보였으며, 특히 이러한 변화양상은 표층에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 용존산소량이 불규칙적으로 큰 변화를 보이는 하절기에는 다른 수층에 비하여 표층에서 용존산소량이 매우 높았다. 표층에서의 클로로필 a농도는 하절기에 변동폭이 크게 나타났으며, 용존산소량이 높은 시기에 비교적 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 종속영양세균의 분포도는 모든 수층에서 봄부터 가을까지는 대체로 높게 유지되다가 수온이 급격히 하락하는 9월 이후에는 매우 낮은 개체군 크기를 보였다. 특히 모든 표층에서 이러한 변화는 두르러졌다. Anabaena cylindrica 생장억제세균은 6월 이전에는 거의 분포하지 않다가 7월에 분포도가 큰 폭으로 증가하였고, 이후부터는 정점별로 상이한 분포 변화를 보였다. 모든 정점에서 A. cylindrica생장억제세균의 분포값이 높았던 7월과 10월에는 표층보다는 중층과 하층에서 더 많은 생장억제세균이 검출되었는데, 이러한 결과는 숙주인 A. cylindrica의 활력이 상대적으로 떨어질 때 억제세균의 활성이 높아지는 것을 암시한다. 이상의 결과로부터 자연수계에서 세균은 남조세균 분포에 대한 조절자로서의 역할을 하며, 특히 남조세균의 활력이 떨어질 때 그 역할이 더욱 두드러진다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.642-652
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• 2006

In order to understand the characteristics of surface ozone concentration and high $O_3$ concentration days, regional data from seven air quality monitoring stations which were operated by local governments were analyzed Regional characteristics of $O_3$ concentration were analyzed with the data of $O_3$ concentration and the characteristics of $O_3$ generation and weather conditions by the selection of the days in which the concentration was higher than 80 ppb. In the case of daily variation, the lowest $O_3$ concentration was shown in all regions from 7am to 8am and the highest around at 4 pm. The monthly variation of mean $O_3$ concentration and ${\Delta}O_3$ values revealed a reducing pattern in July and August following the peak in June, and again a gradual increasing trend in September and October. The result shows that the amount of ozone is dependent on photochemical reaction. The days of $O_3$ generated more than 80 ppb in the region of Gwangyang-bay were 544 days(1,760 hrs). The frequency of occurrence in the region revealed a strong pattern with the order of Samil-dong, Jinsang, and Gwangmu-dong stations in the Gwangyang region. However, Tein-dong, which is the nearest station to air pollution material generation source, showed the lowest frequency in the study area. Consequently, the meteorological parameters which can easily generate the high concentration of $O_3$ in the region of Gwangyang-bay are characterized as follows; atmospheric temperature which is higher than $19^{\circ}C$, relative humidity with the range of $60{\sim}85%$, the less average wind velocity than 5 m/s, cloud cover which is less than 5/10, and the more duration of sunshine than 8 hours.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 안성천 상류 공도유역($366.5km^2$)을 대상으로 SWAT 모형을 이용하여 미래 기후변화 평가에 있어, 미래의 토지이용변화를 동시에 고려하면 수문학적 거동에 얼마나 영향을 주는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 미래기후변화 시나리오는 HadGEM3-RA의 RCP 4.5와 8.5 시나리오를 이용하여 2030s (2020-2039)과 2050s (2040-2059) 기간으로 나누어 적용하였으며, 토지이용변화는 도시성장 시나리오에 따른 회귀모형 기반의 CLUE-s 모델을 이용하였다. 기준년(1976-2005) 대비 미래 강수량은 RCP 4.5에서 2030s에 최대 5.7%의 감소, 2050s에는 최대 18.5% 증가하였고, 미래 기온은 2030s RCP 4.5에서 최대 $1.8^{\circ}C$, 2050s RCP 8.5에서 최대 $2.6^{\circ}C$ 증가하였다. 미래 토지이용은 2050년 도시지역이 58.6% ($29.0km^2$에서 $46.0km^2$) 증가하는 것으로 예측되었다. SWAT 수문 검보정은 14년(2002-2015) 동안의 공도관측소 일유량 자료를 이용하였으며, 저유량 모델효율의 향상을 위하여 2014-2015년 연속 가뭄년을 대상으로 보정을 실시한 결과, 하천유량(Q)과 1/Q을 대상으로 Nash-Sutcliffe 모델효율은 각각 0.86과 0.76이었다. 미래 기후변화 시나리오만을 적용한 결과, 하천유출량이 2030s RCP 4.5에서 최대 24.2% 감소하다가 2050s RCP 4.5에서 최대 10.9% 증가하는 변화를 보여주었다. 한편, 기후변화와 더불어 미래의 토지이용변화를 함께 고려한 경우는 하천유출량이 2030s RCP 4.5에서 최대 14.9% 감소, 2050s RCP 4.5에서 최대 19.5% 증가하는 변화를 보여주어, 미래 기후변화에 따른 유역의 수문평가 시, 도시성장이 기대되는 유역 등 미래의 토지이용변화가 클 가능성이 있는 유역에 대해서는 토지이용변화 요소를 고려할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.