• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.271-276
• /
• 2016

Background: In the present study, we established an HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography)-analysis method for the determination of marker compounds as a part of the material standardization for the development of health-functional foods from Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract. Methods and Results: The quantitative determination method of hispidulin as a marker compound was optimized by HPLC analysis using a YMC hydrosphere C18 column with a gradient elution system. This method was validated using specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision tests. It showed a high linearity in the calibration curve with a coefficient of correlation ($r^2$) of 0.999995. The method was fully validated, and was sensitive, with the limit of detection (LOD) at $0.09{\mu}g{\cdot}m{\ell}^{-1}$ and limit of quantification (LOQ) at $0.27{\mu}g{\cdot}m{\ell}^{-1}$. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the data from intra- and inter-day precision were 0.05 - 0.22% and 0.32 - 0.42%, respectively, and the intra- and inter-day accuracy of hispidulin were 99.5 - 102.3% and 98.8 - 101.5%, respectively. The average content of hispidulin in Salvia plebeia R. Br. extract was $3.945mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ (0.39%). Conclusions: These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is very efficient, and that it could contribute to the quality control of Salvia plebeia R. Br. extracts as a functional ingredient in health functional foods.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study was to find the basic application of Disporum genus in landscape-arc-hitectual space. Environment of native site (Daeducksan, Piseulsan) and growth characteristics of experiment plot were investigated and analyzed in this study. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In the case of environment of native site, the relative light intensity was about 10% and distribution of species were primarily north slope. Gradient of Daeducksan and Piseulsan were 10$^{\circ}$, 18$^{\circ}$ Soil textures was Lic both and field capacity of Daeducksan and Piseulsan were 69%, 73.5%. The soil pH of Daeducksan and Piseulsan were 6.1 and 5.8. The both content of organic matter and C.E.C. were high markedly. The P2O5 content of Daeducksan showed high but total nitrogen showed nearly the same level when comparing with the common dry field condition. 2. In tree layer, Daeducksan composed of broadleaved forest of 80% involving Quercus variabilis, and Piseulsan composed of coniferous forest of 80% involving Pinus densiflora on the other hand. Daeducksan, therefore, was more appearance species than Piseulsan in herbaceous layer. 3. Result in ANOVA Test, significance followed with light intensity was recognized in plant height, leaf width, leaf length, leaf thick and No. of leaf, while in the case of soil was not. Plant height was longest in 1% and leaf width, leaf length was largest in 25%. Therefore ornamental value of leaf was the very best in 25%. 4. Result in correlation coefficient analysis, plant height was correlated leaf width, leaf length. The longer plant height, the smaller leaf width, leaf length. In relative light intensity of 1%, flower was hardly expected because of the more shade, the less flower. Disporum smilacinum is expected great use as ground covers in the shades of tall-building or hdavy woods.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.549-552
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 식품 중 식품에 사용이 불가한 수단 1호, 2호, 3호 및 4호 등 4종의 유용성 색소에 대한 안전성 확보 및 효율적 품질관리를 위해 박층크로마토그래피 (TLC)와 고속액체 크로마토그래피 (HPLC-PDA)를 이용한 정성, 정량분석법을 확립하고자 수행하였다. $C_{18}$-silica를 사용하여 methanol : water(95 : 5)으로 전개하였을 때 수단색소들의 R$_{f}$ 값은 0.27～0.59로 산출되었다. HPLC-PDA를 이용하여 water와 acetonitrile용매를 사용하여 분석한 결과 20분내에 모두 분리되었으며 검량선의 농도 범위는 0.1 ∼ 100.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 고춧가루, 김치 및 깍두기 등 식품을 대상으로 적용한 결과, 회수율은 고춧가루에서는 85.84∼96.95%, 김치에서는 86.24∼104.30%, 깍두기에서는 83.02∼99.93%의 양호한 결과를 얻었으며 , 검출한계는 수단 1호 및 2호는 0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, 수단3호 및 4호는 0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL으로 나타났다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.93.1-93.1
• /
• 2013

The Earth's radiation belts consist of an inner belt and an outer belt, being separated by the slot region. It is well known that the variations of the inner edge of the outer belt and the location of the plasmapause (Lpp) are closely related to each other. Different waves exist inside and outside the plasmasphere, playing different roles in the particle dynamics. The plasmapause is well known to be influenced by solar wind conditions and geomagnetic disturbances. Therefore, it is important to precisely determine the location of the plasmapause and develop a prediction scheme. In this study, we identified the location of the plasmapause using the plasma density data from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS). The plasmapause is determined by requiring density gradient of a factor of 15 within L-change = 0.5. We statistically determined Lpp as a function of preceding geomagnetic indices. Also, we determined the relations between Lpp and preceding solar wind conditions by estimating correlation coefficients. These relations give us predicting models of Lpp as a function of preceding solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices. As our database covers a period over the ascending phase from near-sunspot minimum, our statistical results differ somewhat from previous works that cover near-sunspot maximum. Finally, we give some comparative examples obtained from the Van Allen Probes data.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.24-32
• /
• 2001

Purpose : We investigated the reproducibility of language lateralization by 4 different word generation paradigms or the rest contents in each paradigm using functional magnetic resonance imaging in normal volunteers Materials and Methods Nine normal volunteers with left-handedness (mean age: 25 yrs) were examined on a 1.57 MR unit using a single-shot gradient echo epibold sequence. Four different word generation paradigms of noun, verb, adjective and adverb were used in each normal volunteer for investigating language system. In each paradigm, two different rest contents consisted of only seeing the " +" symbol or reading the meaningless letters. Each task consisted of 96 phases including 3 activations and 6 rests of 2 different contents. Two activation maps in one task were obtained under two different rest contents using the correlation method. We evaluated the detection rates of Broca and Wernicke areas and the differences of language lateralization among four different word generation paradigms, or between the rest contents. Results : The detection rates of Broca and Wernicke areas were over 67 % in 4 different language paradigms and there was no significant difference of them among language paradigms, or between two different rest contents. Language dominances, in all 4 different language paradigms, were shown to be consistent in 66 %, but were contrary with language paradigms in some subjects. The rest contents made no significant effect on dominant language dominance determination, but the success rates of the dominant language dominances determined from 4 language paradigms were higher in reading the meaningless letter (100%, n=9) than in only seeing "+" on screen at the rest task (78%, n=7).

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.152-167
• /
• 2011

MODIS/Terra level 3 and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data from 2001 to 2008 have been analyzed to understand long-term aerosol and cloud optical properties, and their relationships around Korea. Interestingly, cloud fraction(CF) has the similar annual variation to aerosol optical depth (${\tau}_a$) without any temporal significant trend. Horizontal distributions of ${\tau}_a$ showed the substantial horizontal gradient from China to Korea, especially with the strong difference over the Yellow Sea, which could represent the evidence of the anthropogenic influence from China in the perspective of long-term average. Specifically the negative correlations between ${\tau}_a$ and liquid-phase cloud effective radius ($r_e$) were shown on the monthly-average basis, only in summer with significant associations over the Yellow Sea, but not in the other seasons and/or specific regions. Relationship between ${\tau}_a$ and CF for the low-level liquid-phase clouds exhibited the overall positive correlation, being consistent with cloud lifetime effect. Meanwhile static stability showed no deterministic relationships with ${\tau}_a$ as well as CF. The dependence of aerosol-cloud relationship on the meteorological conditions should be examined more in detail with the satellite remote sensing and reanalysis data.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.300-314
• /
• 2014

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-MS) method was established for the simultaneous quantification of eighteen marker compounds in traditional Korean formula, Cheonwangbosimdan (CWBSD). In addition, we evaluated the antioxidant effects of CWBSD. Eighteen marker components were separated on a UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) and kept at $45^{\circ}C$ by gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and the injection volume was $2.0{\mu}L$. The antioxidant activities of CWBSD were assessed by measuring free radical scavenging activities on 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The calibration curves of all analytes showed good linearity (correlation coefficient ${\geq}0.9937$) within the test ranges. The limits of detection and quantification for the 18 marker compounds were 0.01-4.71 ng/mL and 0.03-14.13 ng/mL, respectively. The contents of the 18 compounds in CWBSD extract ranged from none to $1701.00{\mu}g/g$. The CWBSD showed the radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration required for 50% reduction ($RC_{50}$) against ABTS and DPPH radicals were $149.42{\mu}g/mL$ and $339.24{\mu}g/mL$.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.381-388
• /
• 2016

Hyangso-san is a traditional herbal medicine that consists of the seven herbal medicines, Cyperi Rhizoma, Perillae Folium, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, and Allii Fistulosi Bulbus. Hyangso-san has long been clinically used to treat the influenza, including headache, ferver, chills, and pantalgia. In this study, we were performed the simultaneous analysis of the 15 marker compounds (liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, ferulic acid, naringin, hesperidin, rosmarinic acid, liquiritigenin, kaempferol, glycyrrhizin, nobiletin, 6-gingerol, elemicin, atractylenolide III, nootkatone, and atractylenolide I) in Hyangso-san using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Column for the separation of the 15 ingredients was used a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at $45^{\circ}C$ by using a mobile phase of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient condition. Identifications of all analytes were performed using a Waters ACQUITY TQD LC-MS/MS system. The flow rate and injection volume were 0.3 mL/min and $2.0{\mu}L$, respectively. Correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was ${\geq}0.9958$. The values of limits of detection and quantification of the 15 components were 0.002-4.29 and 0.01-12.88 ng/mL, respectively. The result of an analysis using the established LC-MS/MS method, kaempferol and atractylenolide I were not detected, while other 13 compounds were 0.08-56.87 mg/g in lyophilized Hyangso-san sample.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.461-468
• /
• 2015

역상 HPLC에 의한 Cetyltrimetyl ammonium chloride(CTM), Stearamidopropyl dimetylamine(SAP), Behentriammonium chloride(BHT), Dihexadeyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DHDDM)의 양이온계면활성제 4종 동시 정량분석 방법을 개발하였다. 분석조건으로 분리관은 Alltech $C_{18}$($250mm{\times}4.6mm$ i.d., $5{\mu}m$)을 사용하였고, 검출기는 ELSD를 사용하였으며, 이동상은 0.2% TFA/Methanol의 기울기 용리에 의해 분석되었다. 이때 검량선의 상관계수($r^2$)는 $130{\sim}1980.5{\mu}g/mL$농도 범위에서 0.997이상 이었고, 검출한계, 정밀성이 우수하였다. 이 방법은 fatty quaternary ammonium salt 4종의 정량분석 가능함을 보여 주었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.66-84
• /
• 2003

Objectve : Recent stuides suggested that there is a strong correlation between acupuncture stimulation and its cortical activation. Another study showed that either positive or negative BOLD effects could be observed depending on anatomical structure in acupuncture. Methods : 1) Subjects and paradigms: Two separate stimulation paradigms were performed in this study. To see the effects of electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu), the experiment was carried out on six healthy volunteers, using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right K7(Fuliu), 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds, repeated five times, with 30 seconds' intervals. During the intervals while there was no electro-stimulation, the subjects performed motor task as a reference. The image analysis including motion correction, talairach transformation, and smoothing was done using SPM99. Results: The electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu) activated Brodmann's Areas of 9, 19, 23, 24, 31, 32, 39 which may be the central pathways of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu) and those brain areas may be related with the function of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on K7(Fuliu).