• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2011

이 연구는 2007 개정 과학과 교육과정에서 신설된 자유탐구활동을 위한 학년별 자유탐구활동 주제 내용 의 특성을 알아보고, 학년에 적합한 자유탐구활동 주제를 선정 할 수 있도록 지도하는데 도움을 주고자 하였다. 연구대상은 서울특별시에 소재한 I 초등학교 3, 4, 5, 6학년 470명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구방법은 학생들이 작성한 자유탐구활동 실험계획서를 분석기준에 따라 분석하였다. 분석 기준은 자유탐구활동 주제 선정 이유 및 도움 정도, 주제 내용, 주제의 적합 여부로 나누어 분석하였다. 연구결과 호기심을 가지고 있었던 주제와 흥미로운 주제를 자유탐구활동 주제로 선정하는 경향이 있었으며, 도움을 받아 자유탐 구활동 주제를 선정할 때는 중학년은 가족, 고학년은 인터넷의 도움을 많이 받은 것으로 나타났다. 자유탐구활동 주제 영역은 생물 영역에 관한 주제가 많았으며, 고학년으로 갈수록 화학과 물리영역에 관한 것이 많아졌다. 탐구 방법은 주로 실험이나 조사 활동이 많았고, 탐구 기간은 '1주'정도가 가장 많았다. 초등학생들이 정한 자유탐구활동 주제는 내용 수준, 방법 수준, 과학적 의문, 안전과 생명 존중의 면에서 지도가 필요한 부적합한 주제도 많았다. 그러므로 초등학생들이 자유탐구활동 주제 선정 시 고려할 점은 초등학생들이 평소 알고 싶었던 과학적 의문점이나 흥미로운 주제를 자유탐구활동 주제로 선정할 수 있도록 지도해야 한다. 자유탐구활동 주제 선정을 위한 대략의 큰 영역을 학년별로 제시해야한다. 초등학생들이 자유탐구활동의 성공을 경험하여 탐구에 대한 긍정적 생각을 가질 수 있도록 탐구하고자 하는 주제에 대하여 어느 것을 얼마나 탐구할 것인가에 대하여 자유탐구활동 주제에 대한 구체적 진술을 하도록 지도해야한다.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-70
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 집단음악치료 기반 음악극 창작활동 프로그램이 지역아동센터 아동의 자아존중감, 자기표현력, 사회성 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것에 있다. 연구프로그램은 지역아동센터를 이용하고 있는 28명의 아동들을 대상으로 진행하였으며, 저학년 14명, 고학년 14명으로 구성되었다. 학년별 집단은 실험집단 7명, 통제집단 7명으로 배치하였으며, 실험집단은 총 12회기의 음악극 창작활동 프로그램에 참여하였다. 음악극 창작활동 프로그램은 탐색-창작-실행의 총 3단계로 구성되었으며, 각 단계는 아동들이 기존 음악극을 체험하고, 자신들의 음악극을 창작하여 음악극 발표를 경험할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 참여자의 변화를 확인하기 위해 자아존중감 척도, 자기표현능력 척도, 사회성기술평가척도를 사전, 사후에 실시하였다. 연구결과, 실험집단은 통제집단과 비교해 음악극 창작활동 프로그램에 참여 후 자아존중감, 자기표현력, 사회성 점수가 유의하게 증가했다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 단계적으로 구성된 집단음악치료 기반 음악극 창작활동에서 제공되는 음악경험의 수준과 완성도가 발달기 아동의 개인적 사회적 역량강화에 긍정적 경험이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of castration on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of goat kids. Fourteen Boer-cross buck and wether goat kids (n = 7; initial body weight (BW) $38.0{\pm}0.35\;kg$ and $34.8{\pm}0.35\;kg$, for bucks and wethers, respectively) were grazed on annual Marshall ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for 56 days. Body weights were recorded after 4 h withdrawal from feed and water for two consecutive days, every 2 wk. After d 56, animals were harvested and hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), dressing percent (DP), kidney and pelvic fat (KPF), longissimus muscle (LM) area, back fat (BF), and other carcass parameters were measured. Day 0 BW was used as a covariate for analyses. However, bucks were heavier than wethers at d 15 (p = 0.09), 42 (p = 0.001) and 56 (p = 0.001). Bucks had higher ADG (146 vs. 74 g/d; p = 0.001), HCW (21.2 vs. 18.8 kg; p = 0.06) and CCW (20.3 vs. 17.9 kg; p = 0.04) when compared with wether goats. Dressing percentage (51 vs. 47%; p = 0.06), KPF (0.44 vs. 0.16%; p = 0.02) and BF (0.41 vs. 0.21 cm; p = 0.05) were higher in wethers vs bucks, respectively; however, USDA live or carcass grades were similar. Longissimus muscle tissue from wethers and bucks were similar in darkness ($L^*$) and redness ($a^*$), but wethers had more (p = 0.02) yellow tint ($b^*$). Palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids were higher (p = 0.001) in muscle tissue from wethers compared to bucks. The saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents of muscle tissue were lower (p = 0.001) for bucks with no difference in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Longissimus muscle initial temperature was higher in bucks (p<0.04) and pH change post-mortem was similar for bucks and wethers. These results indicated that castration of young market goats reduced growth performance and produced carcasses with more fat and higher SFA.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2717-2722
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• 2013

Background: The objective of this research is the computed axial tomography (CT) imaging grading of radiation induced pneumonitis (RP) and its correlation with clinical and radiotherapeutic parameters. Materials and Methods: The chest CT films of 20 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have undergone threedimensional conformal radiation therapy were reviewed. The proposed CT grading of RP is supported on solely radiological diagnosis criteria and distinguishes five grades. The manifestation of RP was also correlated with any positive pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) history, smoking history, the FEV1 value, and the dosimetric variable V20. Results: The CT grading of RP was as follows: 3 patients (15%) presented with ground glass opacity (grade 1), 9 patients (45%) were classified as grade 2, 7 patients (35%) presented with focal consolidation, with or without elements of fibrosis (grade 3), and only one patient (5%) presented with opacity with accompanying atelectasis and loss of pulmonary volume (grade 4). Both univariate and multivariate analysis revealed as prognostic factors for the radiological grading of RP the reduction of FEV1 and the V20 (P=0.026 and P=0.003, respectively). There was also a significant (P<0.001) correlation of radiological grading of RP with FEV1 and V20 (spearman rho 0.92 and 0.93, respectively). Conclusions: The high correlation of the proposed radiological grading with the FEV1 and the V20 is giving a satisfactory clinical validity. Although the proposed grading scale seems relevant to clinical practice, further studies are needed for the confirmation of its validity and reliability.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1049-1059
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the general characteristics of parents to their children's oral health care. The subjects in this study were 117 parents and their children who resided in rural communities in the region of K. Methods : A survey was conducted with the consent of the parents from July 1 to 30, 2010. As for the survey on the children, the children who were in the lower grades were interviewed, and the upper graders filled out the questionnaires in person. A frequency analysis was carried out to find out the general characteristics of the parents and children, and x2-test was utilized to grasp the links between the general characteristics of the parents and the children's oral health care. A SPSS WIN 12.0 program was employed to analyze all the collected data. The findings of the study were as follows: Result : 1. As a result of investigating the relationship of the occupation of the parents to the children's regular dental checkup, the 71.8 percent of the entire children didn't get a dental checkup on a regular basis. The biggest percentage of the children of the self-employed parents(100%) got a regular dental checkup, and 90.9 percent of the children of the government workers did that(p<.05). 2. As a result of checking the relationship of the occupation of the parents to the children's dental-caries experiences, 39.3 percent of the whole children had no such experiences. The largest percentage of the children of the company employees(51.9%) had dental-caries experiences(p<.05). 3. Concerning the links between the academic credential of the parents and the children's toothbrushing method, the biggest percentage of the children(40.2%) brushed their teeth up and down. The largest rate of the children whose parents were high-school graduates(41.5%) brushed their teeth in that way(p<.05). 4. Regarding the links between the toothbrushing time of the parents and the children's view, 43.6 percent found their parents to take good care of their teeth to make them clean. 60 percent whose parents brushed their teeth after having breakfast and dinner took the best view(p<.001). 5. As for the oral-health education experiences of the parents and a time for the children's change of toothbrushes, 29.1 percent changed their toothbrushes every two months, and 29.1 percent did that not on a regular basis but when the bristles of their toothbrushes got bent(p<.05). Conclusions : The above-mentioned findings suggest that in order to promote children's oral health in consideration of the characteristics of their parents, children should be urged to get a regular dental checkup, and the development of oral-health education programs in which parents and children can participate together is urgently required.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.753-763
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• 2018

학습자들이 갖고 있는 과학자 이미지는 과학학습이나 과학 관련 직업 선택에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 과학자의 이미지는 주로 그리기 분석법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 그리기 분석법은 그리는 것에 제한이 있어 주로 과학자의 외형적인 이미지를 분석하였다. 과학교사들이 갖고 있는 과학자의 이미지 및 과학 관련 직업에 대한 인식은 학생들의 과학학습이나 과학 관련 직업 선택에 중요한 요인이다. 하지만 과학교사들을 대상으로 하는 연구는 부족한 편이다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 의미분석법을 통해서 과학자 이미지 측정도구를 개발하고 적용하여 측정 도구의 유용성을 알아보고, 중등 예비 과학교사의 과학자 이미지 및 과학 관련 직업에 대한 인식을 조사하여 교육적 시사점을 논의하는 데 있다. 연구 대상은 사범대학교에서 과학교육을 전공하는 2, 3학년 남학생 79명, 여학생 55명 총 134명이다. 연구결과 과학자 이미지 측정도구는 '능력', '평가', '활동', '정서'의 4개 요소, 24문항으로 구성되었다. 개발한 측정도구를 활용하여 중등 예비 과학 교사들에게 적용한 결과 과학자의 '평가', '능력', '활동' 요소에 대한 이미지는 높은 반면에 '정서'는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 통계적인 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 과학 관련 직업에 대해서는 '힘들다', '전문적이다', '똑똑해야한다', '복잡하다' 등으로 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 남학생들은 '힘들고 어렵다'라고 인식하는 반면 여학생들은 '도전적이고 복잡하다'라고 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 과학자 이미지 측정도구 활용의 유용성 및 중등 예비 과학교사들의 과학자 이미지, 과학 관련 직업에 대한 교육적 시사점을 논의하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Objectives: This study is aimed to develop a Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) on acupuncture treatment for the patients with post-stroke spasticity. Methods: Experts committee, consisting of stroke or methodology specialists, searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and 19 Korean medicine journals. The search terms were selected to screen the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or systematic reviews for the effectiveness of acupuncture on post-stroke spasticity, compared with placebo or conventional group. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations were appraised based on Recommendations for Development of Clinical Practice Guideline in Korean Medicine. Results & Conclusions: One systematic review and 7 RCT were included to build the CPG. There was a strong evidence to support the effectiveness of electroacupuncture treatment for post-stroke spasticity. However, it did not show any sufficient evidence to treat the patients with post-stroke spasticity with the sole acupuncture. The moderate evidence was presented that over 3 times of the electroacupuncture treatments with 1-100 Hz frequency should be performed every week on the acupoints, such as LI11, LI10, TE5, LI4, ST36, GB34, ST40, or LR3, for 20-30 minutes. It was also suggested that the procedure should begin at the acute stage just after the vital signs of the patients are stabilized. Finally, there was a moderate evidence to support safety of acupuncture treatment for post-stroke spasticity.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2018

본 연구의 연구목적은 대학생을 대상으로 일반적인 특성에 따라 진로태도성숙도, 자기관리 그리고 대학생활만족도를 알아보기 위함이다. 대구, 경북에 위치한 대학 중 403명을 연구 대상으로 일반적인 특성과 성격특성, 진로 태도 및 자신의 관리 등 요인을 중심으로 위계적 다중회귀분석 방법을 실시 분석하였다. 그 결과, 대학생활만족도의 빈도와 일반적 특성에 비추어볼때, 전체 대학생활만족도는 3.29점으로 5점 만점 중 보통이상을 보였고, 신입생들이 2학년 이상의 학생들보다 높았다. 또한 성격이 개방적일수록 성실성이 높으며, 자기 관리는 생활 관리를 잘하는 학생일수록 고유 행동관리와 신체관리를 잘 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고학년이 저학년보다 성격은 친화성이 적고, 준비성이 많은 학생들이 진로태도성숙도의 대학생활에 만족도가 높게 나타났으며 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 친화적 특성을 가진 학생들이 진로태도 성숙도에서 준비를 잘 할 수 있고, 대학생활만족도를 높일 수 있도록 학생을 잘 지도 하는 것이 중요하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.627-651
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• 1994

In this study, literature review was done to examine and compare the current status and problems of different evaluation approaches toward permanent impairment in Korea. Alternatives and improvements in the current approaches in Korea were suggested. Series of cases were also examined to compare different approaches applied to the real cases, using 105 cases from a hospital data and another 207 cases from a insurance company data. The main findings of the literature review are as follows; 1. The current evaluation methods of permanent impairment in Korea are grouped into two categories, grading and rating. Gradings of impairments are expressly specified in 17 various statutes. 2. In Grading methods, the rigid system of 74 different grades has been adopted uniformally for the convenience of administration, which may not be, appropriate or valid from medical and scientifical aspect. 3. The adventage of McBride method is assessment of occupational disability rate. However the classified compensable occupations are only 280 and limited to manufacturing industries in 1960s'of U.S.A., which is not appropriate to current Korean circumstances. Especially, the job list does not include managerial officers or mental workers. 4. AMA Guides is the scientific and reasonable method for the assessment of physical impairment rate. However compensation and reparation of impairment case is difficult because this method cannot assess the disability rate according to occupation, age, etc. The results of cases comparative study are as follows: 5. The physical Impairment could be compared in 167 out of total 312 cases, and for the cases of complex impairment, McBride method underestimate physical impairment rate compared with AM A method. 6. When disability late was assessed, occupation was considered the compensation of only 85 cases, and age was used in only 21 cases. This was because occupation and age compensation in McBride method are unreasonable. 7. The most Ideal alternative is to assess physical impairment according to AMA method and then to develop a compensation method appropriate for the circumstances of Korea society.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1998

This study aims to investigate smoking patterns in high school student and to give student smoker effective information. The sample of 250 male highschool students out of two different schools in Tae-Jon was questioned from July 10th to 15th. 1995. In analyzing these date. the statistics shows the realities by means of number of students. The results are summarized into 17 items as follows. Regarding the level of smoking. 140 students out of 250 admit that they have ever smoked. 52.1% of smoking students say that the motivation of beginning smoking is mainly curiosity. The survey shows that 22.9% of smoking students feel very good when smoking. It also shows that 30.0% of smoking students began smoking in the first grade of high school. With regard to the volume of smoking per day. 41.4% of smoking students smoke variably. 42.1% drink when smoking. 15.0% spend more than W 70.000 a month. About the question who knows the fact of their smoking. 51.5% answer that their friends know the fact of their smoking. In regard to the resaltionship between smoking and school per-formance. 18.2% of non smoking students make poor grades as compared with 40% of smoking students. 9.3% of smoking students say that they are satisfied with the school life. but 35.7% of them are not satisfied. Regarding the attitude to smoking teachers. 35% of smoking students state that they are affected by them. 69.3% of smoking students say that they will stop smoking. while the remaining 30.7% say that they will keep smoking. The reason of 63.9% to stop smoking is that smoking is bad for the health. The reason of 46. 5% to keep smoking is the acquired habit of smoking. 97.2% know the fact that the major element of cigarettes is nicotine and it is very harmful to the health. 40.8% recognize the harmful effect of smoking by TV and radio programs. 97.2% know that smoking could cause lung cancer. From the above results. I propose as follows We should make specific plan to keep smoking by simple curiosity from being developed into habitual smoking. We should teach them how harmful smoking is and make them stop smoking by themselves. It is very essential for family members and teachers to give continuous interest since childhood. As the teacher affect the students very much, they should give up smoking first. The incidence of smoking should be identified in each of the middle and high schools. smoking prohibition programs relevant to each school should be developed and implemented. The local community should ban cigarette vending machines. Cigarettes should not be sold to adolescents. By setting every place where adolescents gather including schools nonsmoking area. we should decrease their impulse to smoke. then smoking opportunities. and harmful effects to them caused by passive smoking.