• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.383-388
• /
• 2012

This study attempted to make comparisons in the magnitude of the applied power depending on gender, gliding direction and gliding grade when gliding treatment grade II and III under the Kaltenborn-Evjenth Concept$^{(R)}$ are applied to the caudal, ventral and dorsal shoulder joint using the loading cell equipment. As a result of load difference depending on gender, men showed a significantly higher load than women for all of Caudal Grade II/III, Ventral Grade II/III and Dorsal Grade II/III (p<.05). As a result of comparisons for load difference depending on the treatment direction, the ventral and dorsal loads were significantly higher than the caudal load for all of Grade II and Grade III (p<.05). As a result of comparisons for load difference depending on treatment grade, the load was significantly higher in Grade III than Grade II for all of the caudal, ventral and dorsal side (p<.05). Given the aforesaid results, it could be confirmed that the magnitude of the applied force at the same grade could be different depending on the direction and gender, when gliding II/III are applied to the caudal, ventral and dorsal of glenohumeral joint.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.451-457
• /
• 1987

Reoperations following cardiac surgery have an increased risk of the danger of damaging the heart, great vessels or extracardiac grafts because of adhesions to the sternum. We experimentally evaluated 3 different methods for pericardial closure. A standardized procedure for induction of pericardial adhesions was carried out in 30 rabbits. For closure of pericardium, animals were divided into 3 groups, 10 animals respectively: Croup 1 [simple pericardial closure]The pericardium was primarily resuture; Group 2 [Core-Tex surgical membrane as a pericardial substitute]- A Gore-Tex surgical membrane was interposed between the sternum and the heart; and Group 3 [pericardial tension releasing technique]-Three longitudinal overlapping incisions were made on the right side of the pericardium while the midline incison was sutured. Animals were put to death 4 weeks postoperatively and the pericardial space was examined for pericardial adhesions and epicardial reactions. The extent of adhesions and reactions were graded as: I-none; II-minimal; III-moderate; and IV-severe. Histologic studies of the pericardium, the pericardial substitute and the epicardium were also performed. The results were as follows: 1. In group 1 [simple pericardial closure], the degree of pericardial adhesions were grade I in 1 animal, grade II in 2, grade III in 4 and grade IV in 3. Epicardial reactions were grade I in 1 animal, grade II in 3, grade III in 5 and grade IV in 1. Histologic examination revealed thick fibrous tissue that obliterated the pericardial space in 7 animals. 2. In group 2 [Gore-Tex surgical membrane as a pericardial substitute], the degree of pericardial adhesions were grade I in 3 animals, grade II in 3, grade III in 2 and grade IV in 2. The degree of epicardial reactions were grade II in 1 animal, grade III in 5 and grade IV in 4. Histologic studies revealed a thin layer of dense fibrous tissue which covered the Gore-Tex surgical membrane and thick loose fibrous tissue on the epicardium just beneath the substitute. 3. In group 3 [pericardial tension releasing technique], the degree of pericardial adhesions were grade I in 3 animals, grade II in 4, grade III in 2 and grade IV in 1. The degree of epicardial reactions were grade 1 in 4 animals, grade II in 4 and grade III in 2. Severe epicardial reactions were not observed in this group. Histologic examination showed normal epicardium in 4 animals and the epicardium of the other 6 animals only revealed very thin fibrous layer compared to group I and group II. Pericardial adhesions more than grade III were 70% in group 1, 40% in group 2 and 30% in group 3. Pericardial adhesions were reduced in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1, but statistically not significant. Epicardial reactions more than grade III were 60% in group 1, 90% in group 2 and 20% in group 3. Epicardial reactions were significantly reduced in group 3 compared to group 2. Author`s modified pericardial releasing technique provides marked augment of pericardial surface area and facilitates tension-free pericardial closure. Furthermore, pericardial adhesion and epicardial reaction will be reduced with the pericardial tension releasing technique.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2006

Chondrosarcoma can be divided into grade I, II and III by histological finding and a relationship between the prognosis and the histological grading has been identified. Although the surgical treatment of grade II and III chondrosarcoma necessitates wide resection margin, there has been controversy about curettage versus wide resection in case of grade I chondrosarcoma. The authors report a case of grade I chondrosarcoma of proximal humerus and grade II chondrosarcoma of distal humerus with good oncological and functional result through curettage and wide resection respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.64 no.1
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2022

It is impossible to know the amount of pork primal cut by pig carcass grade which is determined only by carcass weight and backfat thickness in the Korean Pig Carcass System. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the pig carcass grade and the amount of pork primal cut estimated with AutoFom III. A total of 419,321 Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc (LYD) pigs were graded with the Korean Pig Carcass Grade System. Amounts of belly, neck, loin, tenderloin, spare ribs, shoulder, and ham were estimated with AutoFom III. Regression equations for seven primal cuts according to each grade were derived. There were significant differences among the three carcass grades due to heteroscedasticity variance (p < 0.0001). Three regression equations were derived from AutoFom III estimation of primal cuts according to carcass grades. The coefficient of determination of the regression equation was 0.941 for grade 1⁺, 0.982 for grade 1, and 0.993 for grade 2. Regression equations obtained from this study are suitable for AutoFom III software, a useful tool for the analysis of each pig carcass grade in the Korean Pig Carcass Grade System. The high reliability of predicting the amount of primal cut with AutoFom III is advantageous for the management of slaughterhouses to optimize their product sorting in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 1991

This is a clinical, retrospective review of 66 cases of the Adenoid cystic carcinoma who were treated at the Department of Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju during the past 20 years from January, 1971 to December, 1990. The results were obtained as follows; 1) The most common malignant tumor in the minor salivary gland was adenoid cystic carcinoma and it's incidence was 57.6% (38 cases). 2) The most common site of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the major salivary gland was parotid gland with the incidence of 22.7% (15 cases). 3) The peak age of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma was 5th decade(30.3%) and others' peak age except adenoid cystic carcinoma was 6th decade(35.9%). 4) The duration of symptoms of adenoid cystic carcinoma patient was less than one year in the minor salivary gland, comprising 21 cases(55.3 %) and more than one year in 18 cases(64.9 %) of the major salivary gland carcinoma. 5) According to histologic grades of 66 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, Grade I was 15 cases and Grade II 19 cases, Grade III 5 cases. Other 27 cases were undetermined. 6) The incidence of cervical lymphnode metastasis of 39 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma classified into histologic grades was 0% in Grade I, 10.5% in Grade II and 20% in Grade III. 7) The incidence of nerve invasion confirmed histologically was 20% in Grade I, 63.2% in Grade II and 100% in Grade III. It was significant(p<0.01). 8) The local recurrence rate was 26.7% in Grade I, 47.4% in Grade II and 60% in Grade III. The lung was the commonest site for distant metastasis comprising 14 cases among 19 cases in which distant spread occurred. 9) 5 year determinate disease-free survival rate according to the histologic grade was 57.1% in Grade I, 27.3% in Grade II and 25.0% in Grade III. 10) The determinate 5-year survial rate of adenoid cystic carcinoma was 71.4% in the only curative surgery group, 70.6% in the combined treatment group of surgery and postoperative irradiation, 66.7% in the combined treatment group of surgery with postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy, and 33.3 % in the non-curative treatment group. 11) The average size of tumor was 3.6cm in Grade I, 4.8cm in Grade II and 4.5cm in Grade III.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.724-730
• /
• 1989

The development of severe pericardial adhesion after cardiovascular surgical procedures often increases the risk of injuring the heart, great vessels, or extracardiac grafts during resternotomy. Several pericardial substitutes have been tested in an attempt to facilitate reoperation with inconclusive results. This study was designed to evaluate the applicability of two different materials as pericardial substitutes to minimize the pericardial adhesion and epicardial reaction. A procedure for induction of pericardial adhesion was carried out in 30 rabbits. Rabbits were divided into three groups of ten rabbits each: Group 1[control, simple pericardial closure]: Group 2[bovine pericardium as pericardial substitute]: Group 3[e-polytetrafluoroethylene surgical membrane, e-PTFE as a pericardial substitute]. Bovine pericardium or e-PTFE surgical membrane was interposed between the sternum and the heart. Rabbits were sacrificed at 4 weeks after operation. The development of adhesions and epicardial reactions were graded as: none [I]; minimal[II]; moderate[Ill]; and severe[1V]. Histologic studies of the substitute, the pericardium, and the epicardium were performed. The results were as follows; l. In group 1[control group], the degree of pericardial adhesions were grade I in none, grade II in 1, grade III in 3, and grade 1V in 6 animals. Epicardial reactions were grade I in none, grade II in 3, grade K in 4, grade 1V in 3 animals respectively. 2. In group 2[bovine pericardium], the degree of pericardial adhesions were grade I in 1, grade II in 5, grade III in 3, and grade 1V in 1 animal. Epicardial reactions were grade I in 1, grade II in 2, grade III in 4, and grade 1V in 3 animals respectively. 3. In group 3[e-PTFE], the degree of pericardial adhesions were grade I in 7 animals, grade II in 2, grade III in 1, and grade g in none. Epicardial reactions were grade I in 4, grade II in 3, grade III in 2, and grade IV in 1 animal respectively. Pericardial adhesions more than grade II were 90.9% in group 1, 40 % in group 2, and 10% in group 3. Pericardial adhesions were significantly reduced in group 3 compared to group 1 or 2. Epicardial reactions more than grade II were 70 % in group 1, 70 % in group 2 and 30 % in group 3. We concluded that this 0.1mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene surgical membrane is a suitable pericardial substitute to minimize the development of pericardial adhesion or epicardial reaction following cardiovascular surgery.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2005

Objective: In children with acute otitis media, we investigated the relationship between state of tympanic membrane and treatment period by video otoscope. Methods: Ten children(6 boys, 4 girls) with acute otitis media were assigned to one of three groups. In the grade I, there were redness in the tympanic membrane. In the grade II, there were bulging, effusion with exudate, dark color in the tympanic membrane. In the grade III, there were effusion with purulent exudate or cholesteatoma with serous exudate. And we investigated the treatment period in each group. Results: Overall, the $mean{\pm}S.D.$ on the treatment period in the grade I was shorter than grade II. It was $12.6{\pm}5.18$ in the grade I versus $26{\pm}2.83$ in the grade II. That in the grade II was shorter than grade III. It was $26{\pm}2.83$ in the grade II versus $148{\pm}43.03$ in the grade III. Conclusions: Although we couldn't have enough cases in each group. we could predict the conclusion that there was the relationship between treatment period and state of tympanic membrane.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 2009

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the degrees of injury on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the time interval to recovery of consciousness in patients with diffuse axonal injury. Methods : From January 2004 to December 2008, 25 patients with diffuse axonal injury were treated at our hospital. We retrospectively investigated the patients' medical records and radiological findings. We divided the patients into three groups according to the grade of MRI finding : grade I, small scattered lesions on the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere; grade II, focal lesions on the corpus callosum; and grade III, additional focal lesions on the brain stem. Result : Seven patients belonged to the grade I group; 10 to the grade II group; and 8 to the grade III group. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of all patients at the time of admission was 7.28. Recovery of consciousness was observed in 23 of the 25 patients; the remaining two patients never regained consciousness. The time interval to recovery of consciousness (awake status) ranged from 1 day to 125 days (mean 22.1 days) : grade I group patients, within approximately 1 week (mean 3.7 days); grade II group patients, within approximately 2 weeks (mean 12.5 days); and grade III group patients, within approximately 2 months (mean 59.5 days). Conclusion : Our study results suggest a correlation between the mean time interval to recovery of consciousness in patients with diffuse axonal injuries and the degrees of brain injuries seen on MRI. Patients with grade I and II diffuse axonal injuries recovered consciousness within 2 weeks, while patients with grade III injuries required approximately 2 months.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.104-116
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to systematically determine an optimal percentile cut-off in histogram analysis for calculating the mean parameters obtained from a non-Gaussian continuous-time random-walk (CTRW) diffusion model for differentiating individual glioma grades. This retrospective study included 90 patients with histopathologically proven gliomas (42 grade II, 19 grade III, and 29 grade IV). We performed diffusion-weighted imaging using 17 b-values (0-4000 s/mm²) at 3T, and analyzed the images with the CTRW model to produce an anomalous diffusion coefficient (D_m) along with temporal (𝛼) and spatial (𝛽) diffusion heterogeneity parameters. Given the tumor ROIs, we created a histogram of each parameter; computed the P-values (using a Student's t-test) for the statistical differences in the mean D_m, 𝛼, or 𝛽 for differentiating grade II vs. grade III gliomas and grade III vs. grade IV gliomas at different percentiles (1% to 100%); and selected the highest percentile with P < 0.05 as the optimal percentile. We used the mean parameter values calculated from the optimal percentile cut-offs to do a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on individual parameters or their combinations. We compared the results with those obtained by averaging data over the entire region of interest (i.e., 100th percentile). We found the optimal percentiles for D_m, 𝛼, and 𝛽 to be 68%, 75%, and 100% for differentiating grade II vs. III and 58%, 19%, and 100% for differentiating grade III vs. IV gliomas, respectively. The optimal percentile cut-offs outperformed the entire-ROI-based analysis in sensitivity (0.761 vs. 0.690), specificity (0.578 vs. 0.526), accuracy (0.704 vs. 0.639), and AUC (0.671 vs. 0.599) for grade II vs. III differentiations and in sensitivity (0.789 vs. 0.578) and AUC (0.637 vs. 0.620) for grade III vs. IV differentiations, respectively. Percentile-based histogram analysis, coupled with the multi-parametric approach enabled by the CTRW diffusion model using high b-values, can improve glioma grading.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 1989

Forty-four patients with brain astrocytoma and glioblastoma were rested with surgical resection and postoperative radiation from January 1980 through May 1987, Four patients were lost to follow up, and in 40 patients survival time was evaluable. Three year actuarial survival rate was $66.7\%$ in Grade I and II astrocytoma, $30\%$ in Grade III, and $20.4\%$ in glioblastoma multiforme patients. The prognostic factors affecting survival rate were histologic grade in all cases, age, and total radiation dose in Grade III and glioblastoma.