• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.682-693
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• 2013

Camouflage is evaluated by scientific principle in the fields of biology, military science, and art. It has a strong influence on contemporary fashion and means exposure with concealment. This study analyzed the visual characteristics of camouflage patterns in fashion design through documentaries and fashion photos. The fashion design results areas follow. The simple blending of a disruptive motif indicated an inaccurate repetition of a disruptive motif, the discontinuous or continuous connection of disruptive motif, the irregular repetition of a disruptive animal silhouette, the collage of a different disruptive motif, the craft of a disruptive motif and the intensive color match of a disruptive motif. It represented the maximization of complication, fantastic and fanciness. The overlap of a disruptive motif showed the overlap of disruptive print patterns with transparency and an overlap of different fabrics with a disruptive pattern. It represented spatial relationships of three dimensions as well as the maximization of visual illusion and the reinforcement of attractiveness. The blurring of a disruptive motif showed the pointage of disruptive motif, the pointage of image, value gradation, the whole blurring of a disruptive pattern cluster and stained appearance. It represented the obscurity of motif form, the uncertainty of object and double meaning. The trompe l'oeil of a partial background object showed the realistic and the painterly imitation of color and texture for partial objects through a close-up. It represented amazement and pleasure by illusion, scarcity and the decoration of surface and synecdochical remind. In conclusion, camouflage in fashion was weakened and modified from a classical military context by a unique expression of various motifs.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.5-14
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• 2013

Coarse granular geomaterials containing large gravels are broadly used for construction of large geotechnical systems such as dams, levees, railways and backfills. It is necessary to evaluate deformation characteristics of these materials for dynamic analysis, e.g. seismic design. This study presents evaluation of dynamic deformation characteristics of coarse materials using large scale resonant column testing apparatus, which uses specimens with 200 mm in diameter and 400 mm in height, and the effects of gradation characteristics on maximum shear modulus, shear modulus reduction curve and damping characteristics were investigated. From experimental study using rock-fill materials for a dam, we could see that the largest or mean particle size affects the shape of shear modulus reduction curve. When the specimens are prepared under the same conditions for maximum particle size, the coefficient of uniformity affects the confining stress exponent of maximum shear modulus. It could be concluded that the maximum particle size is an factor which affects shear modulus reduction curve, and that the coefficient of uniformity is for small strain shear modulus, especially for the sensitivity to confining stress.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

Natural streams meander, forming pools at the outer part of bend and riffles at the crossing. Pools are deep at a lower flow velocity, and riffles are shallow at a higher flow velocity. Attentions are being paid to pool-riffle sequences in meandering streams because pool-riffle sequences tend to increase biodiversity of the stream ecosystem. This study investigates the characteristics of distribution of bed sediment particles in the upstream reach of the Gap Stream, which is a tributary of the Geum River in Korea. The upstream part of the Gap Stream, the study reach, is a gravel-bed stream, showing a pool and three riffles due to meandering. The reach also includes pools at the upstream and downstream parts of the weir. The characteristics of bed sediment particles sampled at the wetland and in the side channel are studied, revealing that the median particle diameter in the riffle is about four times larger than that in the pool. In addition, flow simulations are carried out for ordinary discharge and design flood, and such parameters important to sediment transport as velocity, shear stress, dimensionless shear stress (or Shields number), and dimensionless shear velocity are provided to see the mobility of sediment particles in the pool-riffle sequence.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.227-236
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• 2007

The design number of gyration is required in the process of asphalt mix design using gyratory compactor. The purpose of this study is to select the design number of gyration for asphalt mix design in the laboratory. Three types of methods were used to select the design number of gyration. The first method is to select the gyration number which gives the same density with the mixtures compacted with 75 blows of Marshall Compaction. The second method is to select the gyration number which gives the same deformation strength with the mixtures compacted with 75 blows of Marshall Compactor. The third method is to select the gyration number which meet the 4% air voids. Ten mixtures, one type of aggregate(granite), one type of asphalt binder(pen. 60-80), and 10 types of gradation, were prepared for the laboratory tests. As a result, 100 number of gyration was selected for the design number of gyration of the asphalt mix design. This result shows a similar trend with the design number of gyration used in the foreign countries. Thus, the design number of gyration selected in this study can be used for the asphalt mix design using the gyratory compactors.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.6
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• pp.249-266
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• 2004

Nowadays more than 200 countries are living on the earth in international relation. Having their own culture and history, these countries constitute international society, creating their national image with their own identity based on the culture and history. Though each country has cultural goods in which it combines its culture and history to economic area, the global and cultural goods representing a country is not made in short term, but completed by the combination of its long tradition, cultural consciousness of the nation and artistic level. That is to say, the image developed by the country is naturally embodied in the goods and the world recognizes the image and confirms the goods. To embody such Korean and global goods, it is essential to put priority on the research of history and culture of our society. Needless to say, it is very important to find the value of our own differentiated beauty and apply it to each area of design industry. Recognizing the differentiated value of our own cultural originality, this research performs the design of scarf and necktie to exhibit Korean image in modern and fashionable ways for commercialization by developing design of fashion and cultural goods to which Korean image is applied. Through literature and various informations, the theme of design that can best convey Korean image is determined to be the national flag of Korea, Taegeukki and five cardinal colors and the researching method is as follows. First, though the area of developing designs of cultural goods is very wide and various including commerce, industry, products , fashion, handicraft and traditional handicraft, etc., this research sets the scope of developing design, focusing on the fashion accessories utilizing the textile design such as costume, scarf, necktie and so on. Second, the definition and scope of cultural goods and the present situation of domestic cultural goods will be examined. Third, the modelling property and symbolic meaning of the national flag of Korea (Taegeultki) and five cardinal colors, the theme of design will be studied. Fourth, on the basis of above research, scarf and necktie will be designed by modern and fashionable design to which Korean image is applied. Fifth, this is textured in textile printing and gradation for commercialization.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 2004

Full-length Animation has been producing very actively with a large of U.S.A and growing rapidly as a pare of entertainment industry since the middle of the 1990's. However, in actual fact, Korea Animation doesn't have any characteristics as compared with Japan Animation & U.S.A Animation's growth. It is owing to in financial difficulty and that there's no conversion about consciousness that Animation is only for children. This study is constructed with color information as the central figure from a gradation of information delivery and analyzed ‘Image Color’ of full-length animation which is produced by large studio in U.S.A. This study predicts about past, present and future of animation centering around a color that visual sensitivity factor which recognize enormous information very quickly among sensitivity stimulus of human being. With this study analysis a color of U.S.A animation, looking for sensitivity color factor that react to elaborate and delicate stimulus, and then expressed color from developed animation skill apply to sensitivity industry.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2009

Domestic distribution market is in a time of transition for the present. With consumers' diverse demands, the growth of department stores, shopping malls, specialized shops and so on has been taken place radically and the competition among them also has become severe. In order to promptly and positively cope with the radically changing trend of market and the generation of competing business entities, they are necessary to establish a discriminated indoor space plan. With such desires as the expansion of leisure activities based on the increase of personal income and the up-gradation, diversification and individualization of living standard based on economic growth, the dining-out space, one of people's life environments, need a variety of changes. In the past, the specialized restaurants of composite shopping malls and department stores were a mere mediating space of food sale between producers and consumers, but today they become a discriminated and creative indoor space which representing customers' lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristic of public space of specialized restaurants at composite shopping malls and department stores and then present a discriminated spatial marketing strategy in order to find out the direction of its proceeding in the future. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to work out basic data for the development of dining-out contents at the time of appearing diverse composite dining-out spaces in the future and of establishing a renovation plan of specialized restaurants at composite shopping malls and department stores in order to provide customers a space which could satisfy their desires. In this vein, the characteristic and composition of necessary space was analyzed based on the examination of cases. The investigator hopes that study findings are used as basic data for the study on the interrelationship between the sale space and dining-out space of composite commercial facilities and for the establishment of marketing strategy to attract customers.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.28-40
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• 2002

For modern man and woman, footwear is considered a fashion for expressing oneself, and not merely a protective tool for the feet. The purpose of this research is to increase the effect of sales promotional activities by emphasizing product image and by enhancing sales environment. Towards this end, this research focuses on the study of environment at footwear stores that meet the challenges incurred by the changing lifestyles of consumers and the ensuing dynamics of the society in general. Research is based on an in-depth, thorough study of the previous research works and entails examining theoretical background and the concept of Visual Merchandising Display (VMD). Research will focus on the analysis of current situation at footwear stores located in department store based on material research on footwear stores and theoretical examination. Research on the current situation of footwear stores at department store will be conducted from the VMD perspective. In the end, this research paper will make suggestions on the VMD measures for footwear stores with the aim of increasing sales by satisfying consumers' sensibility and purchasing desire. Suggestions will be made based on the results of the research. -Study of current VMD status per fixture centered on 18 brands at department store -Suggestions for VMD at footwear stores based on the survey results of customer purchasing behavior This research intends to develop structured VMD methodology for footwear stores based on the research centered on VMD research of footwear stores at department store. Significance of this research lies in its aim to contribute to the sales increase, no matter how trivial it might be. Going a step further, this research work could be considered one of the foundations for defining the role of VMD methodology at footwear stores. Suggested results are as follows. (1) Need to cast away from simple, one-dimensional type of display method at footwear stores and transform into product image oriented VMD (2) Need to highlight product image by fully leveraging props and by developing footwear display methods that are suitable for different types of fixtures (3) Need to stabilize VMD by developing footwear manual that enables efficient management by store operator.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.113-130
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• 2023

The present manuscript aims to investigate the deviation between the middle surface (MS) and neutral surface (NS) formulations on the static response of bi-directionally functionally graded (BDFG) porous plate. The higher order shear deformation plate theory with a four variable is exploited to define the displacement field of BDFG plate. The displacement field variables based on both NS and on MS are presented in detail. These relations tend to get and derive a new set of boundary conditions (BCs). The porosity distribution is portrayed by cosine function including three different configurations, center, bottom, and top distributions. The elastic foundation including shear and normal stiffnesses by Winkler-Pasternak model is included. The equilibrium equations based on MS and NS are derived by using Hamilton's principles and expressed by variable coefficient partial differential equations. The numerical differential quadrature method (DQM) is adopted to solve the derived partial differential equations with variable coefficient. Rigidities coefficients and stress resultants for both MS and NS formulations are derived. The mathematical formulation is proved with previous published work. Additional numerical and parametric results are developed to present the influences of modified boundary conditions, NS and MS formulations, gradation parameters, elastic foundations coefficients, porosity type and porosity coefficient on the static response of BDFG porous plate. The following model can be used in design and analysis of BDFG structure used in aerospace, vehicle, dental, bio-structure, civil and nuclear structures.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.361-380
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• 2023

A size dependent bending behavior of piezoelectrical flexoelectric layered perforated functionally graded (FG) composite nanobeam rested on an elastic foundation is investigated analytically. The composite beam is composed of regularly cutout FG core and two piezoelectric face sheets. The material characteristics is graded through the core thickness by power law function. Regular squared cutout perforation pattern is considered and closed forms of the equivalent stiffness parameters are derived. The modified nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory is employed to incorporate the microstructure as well as nonlocality effects into governing equations. The Winkler as well as the Pasternak elastic foundation models are employed to simulate the substrate medium. The Hamiltonian approach is adopted to derive the governing equilibrium equation including piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects. Analytical solution methodology is developed to derive closed forms for the size dependent electromechanical as well as mechanical bending profiles. The model is verified by comparing the obtained results with the available corresponding results in the literature. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed procedure, parametric studies are performed to explore influences of gradation index, elastic medium parameters, flexoelectric and piezoelectric parameters, geometrical and peroration parameters, and material parameters on the size dependent bending behavior of piezoelectrically layered PFG nanobeams. Results obtained revealed the significant effects both the flexoelectric and piezoelectric parameters on the bending behavior of the piezoelectric composite nanobeams. These parameters could be controlled to improve the size dependent electromechanical as well as mechanical behaviors. The obtained results and the developed procedure are helpful for design and manufacturing of MEMS and NEMS.