• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.476-505
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• 2013

Korea government has established and pursued green technology development strategy as the core of green growth, for example, withdrawal of 27 key green technologies through 'green technology research and development comprehensive plan ('09.1)' since 'low carbon green growth' was proposed as a new national development paradigm. In this study, we performed the Delphi survey of technology levels of 131 strategic product and service technologies derived from 27 key green technologies, utilizing large-scale group of green technology experts. The survey of technology level among main five nations resulted in the world's leading nation (US) versus EU (99.4%), Japan (95.3%), Korea (77.7%), China (67.1%) and Korea was ranked fourth. The technology gap between the world's leading nation (US) and Korea is 4.1 years behind EU (3.9 years) and Japan(3.1 years), but 2.1 years earlier than China. For our nation, key green technologies with high technology level are 'improved light water reactor (90.1%)', 'silicon-based solar cell (85.0%)', 'high-efficiency low-emission car (84.5%)' in order. Depending on the investment type of key green technologies, technology level is represented as short-term (85.0%), mid-term (77.3%) and long-term (71.1%) in order, indicating that lower technology level requires mid-to long-term investment and that the investment type is set appropriate.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2016

In 2015, Summits of State and Government at United Nations General Assembly agreed to set the world on a path towards Sustainable Development(SD) through the adoption of the 2030 Agenda. 2030 Agenda adopts 17 Sustainable Development Gooals(SDG) to achieve 3 pillars of social security, economic efficiency and environmental integrity. Sustainable Development Indicators(SDI) which are suggested by UN SDSN(United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network), have been developed for measuring SDG implementation, by which Sustainability Assessment(SA) can be accomplished to check through more holistic approaches to poverty alleviation, social inclusion and environmental management. In Korea, Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment(SEIA) has been applied to PPP(policy, plan, program) by 'Ministry of Environment', whereas 'National Land Planning Assessment(NLPA) which is one sort of SEA has been implemented to evaluate PPP of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport'. Although SEIA and NLPA have been utilized as decision-making support tools for stakeholders including high authorities, the reference criteria of these institutions are not considered as convincible and communicable. Evaluation criteria of alternatives which are core principles for SEIA and NLPA seem so ambiguous and unscientific. Through incorporation of SDI into SEIA, a convenient, quick and credible diagnosis of the key dimensions of SD comprising social equity, economic development and environmental management, can help develop a shared understanding of priorities of implementation of SDG.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.4 s.36
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• pp.485-495
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• 1991

This study examined the effects of referral requirements for insurance patients which have been enforced since July 1, 1989 when medical insurance coverage was extended to the whole population except beneficiaries of medical assistance program. The requirements are mainly aimed at discouraging the use of tertiary care hospitals by imposing restrictions on the patient's choice of a medical service facility. The expectation is that such change in the pattern of medical care utilization would produce several desirable effects including increased efficiency in patient care and balanced development of various types of medical service facilities. In this study, these effects were assessed by the change in the number of out-patient visits and bed-days per illness episode and the share of each type of facility in the volume of services and the amount of expenditures after the implementation of the new referral system. The data for analysis were obtained from the claims to the insurance for government and school employees. The sample was drawn from the claims for the patients treated during the first six months of 1989, prior to the enforcement of referral requirements, and those of the patients treated during the first six months of 1990, after the enforcement. The 1989 sample included 299,824 claims (3.6% of total) and the 1990 sample included 332,131 (3.7% of total). The data were processed to make the unit of analysis an illness episode instead of an insurance claim. The facilities and types of care utilized for a given illness episode are defined to make up the pathway of medical care utilization. This pathway was conceived of as a Markov Chain process for further analysis. The conclusion emerged from the analysis is that the enforcement of referral requirements resulted in less use of tertiary care hospitals, and thereby decreased the volume of services and the amount of insurance expenses per illness episode. However, there are a few points that have to be taken into account in relation to the conclusion. The new referral system is likely to increase the use of medical services not covered by insurance, so that its impact on national health expenditures would be different from that on insurance expenditures. The extension of insurance coverage must have inereased patient load for all types of medical service organizations, and this increase may be partly responsible for producing the effects attributed to the new referral system. For example, excessive patient load for tertiary care hospitals may lead to the transfer of their patients to other types of facilities. Another point is that the data for this study correspond to very early phase of the new system. But both patients and medical care providers would adapt themselves to the new system to avoid or overcome its disadvantages for them, so as that its effects could change over time. Therefore, it is still necessary to closely monitor the impact of the referral requirements.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2006

Three different diet were made with meat for Crossbred pig ($^{\circ}_{+}$, 195 days old, $l15{\pm}5\;kg,\;Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) and used as feed for rats after transformed into 12% protein, These diets include a pork not fed with tangerine peel during finishing period (Control, $T_0$), a pork fed with 3 and 5% tangerine peel during growing and finishing period, respectively ($T_1$), and a pork fed with 6 and 10% tangerine peel during growing and finishing period respectively($T_2$). The effects of the diet on physiological activities of rats were studied by feeding 17 weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats with the three diets for 4 weeks. The feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and weight of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat pad for the rats was similar among the diets. The total lipid level of liver was similar among $T_0,\;T_1\;and\;T_2$. However, it was found that $T_1\;and\;T_2$ had significantly lower triglyceride and cholesterol level than $T_0$(p<0.05). All the diet groups showed similar trends in terms of the serum total lipid, phospholipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level, and atherogenic index, hemoglobin level, and ${\gamma}-GTP$, ALT, AST and ALP activities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-19
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• 2003

The airspace has to be designed considering the flight safety and economic efficiency of aircraft operators. The International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) published standards and recommended practices for safe design of the airspace. Each contracting country must follow the ICAO standards in designing the airspace for the utilization of civil aviation. Normally each member establishes its own standards and national aviation law for the safe and efficient design of the airspace, regarding the ICAO standards. However, our government has not developed yet clear and detailed standards and regulation system for airspace design. This might lead to aviation accidents and disputes between operators of aviation system This study is to review the characteristics of ICAO standards and a legal problem related to application of international standards for airspace design. Specifically this research analyzed the case of airspace design and operation of a domestic airport. The results of analysis are as follow: (1) per the safety of civil aviation, it is very required to establish national regulation system to follow ICAO standards in designing airspace, (2) It is also necessary to establish separate procedure for civil aircraft in military air base, when the aerodrome is co-used by military and civil aircraft. If the same procedure for military aircraft is applied to civil aircraft, it is necessary to make clear what the design concept is, (3) and the differences from ICAO standards have to be publicly known.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

Impermeable surfaces such as transportation land uses including roads and parking lots accumulate high heavy metals and particulate matters concentration especially during dry season which worsens the river water quality and distort the water circulation system during rainfall events. Recently, the government has been promoting policies to install Low Impact Development (LID) facilities such as permeable pavements or grass blocks in parking lots or pavements. However, transition of asphalt-paved surfaces to permeable pavement generated asphalt wastes which are detrimental to the environment and has cost implications due to its removal and disposal. Therefore this study was conducted to provide a method of constructing a cost-effective permeable pavement to reduce waste generation and cost. In this study, comparative analysis of the water circulation capacity and economic efficiency of the traditional construction method and new method proposed in this study through the lab-scale experiment. The proposed method was to make holes in existing asphalt pavements, layout geotextile fabric and permeable base media such as sand before compaction. After compaction, layout grass blocks on the compacted base media then layout sand in between each grass blocks before compaction. Apparently, there was no significant difference between the traditional installation method of permeable pavement and the proposed method in this study considering surface runoff, infiltrated volume, stored volume, and rainfall-runoff delay time. The proposed method in this study generated 86% less wastes compared to the traditional installation method and has 70% cost reduction considering asphalt removal and disposal. The construction method proposed in this study yielded similar performance compared to the traditional installation method and water circulation effect, but was proven to be less complicated and economical.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-78
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• 2001

Due to developments in information technology and ensuing changes in the concept of time and space, the significance of national boundaries has been weakened, bringing to attention the heightened competition among nations. In order to respond to these transformations, the Korean government is increasing its efforts to raise the authenticity of the National Technology Qualification System(NTQS) by closely linking NTQS testing method and procedure to practical knowledge and skills in the industry field. This initiative is based on the recognition that the human resources development is a crucial factor in determining a nation's competitiveness. This study aimed, first of all, to diagnose the problems directly and indirectly affecting the testing method in the current NTQS. And then, differentiated solutions according to grade and improvements in the testing infrastructure were suggested. The ultimate purpose was to provide a blueprint for enhancing national competitiveness through increased authenticity and efficiency of the NTQS. Research methods applied during this study include: the collection and review of qualification-related literature; a series of conferences with leading experts; interviews with vocational educators and researchers from qualification-related institutes; a survey of national qualification holders from a variety of professions and industries; and participatory observation at qualification exam centers. This research suggested policy recommendations as follows; First, measures to improve for testing method of professional engineer Second, measures to improve for testing method of Master craftsman Third, measures to improve for testing method of Engineer, Industrial Engineer, Craftsman Fourth, plans for the establishment of operation system for a computerized testing Fifth, institutional perspective on establishing qualification infrastructure Sixth, operational perspective on establishing qualification infrastructure

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.17-28
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• 2007

This paper aims to present the ways to maximize educational effects and facilitate a curriculum renovation through the Specified Track Curriculum Development, a joint lecture system among local universities which is implemented by Busan Educational Alliance of Mechanical Engineering (BEAM) as part of New University for Regional Innovation(NURI), a government-sponsored project to facilitate a balanced regional development of Korea. The Specified Track Curriculum is a unified governing body joined by 4 universities of mechanical engineering departments with an emphasis on their specified academic fields(advanced hightech, environmental, marine and foundational machinery sectors), And the universities mutually recognize academic credits. The track (Specified-Track Curriculum) was carried out three times from winter semester in 2005 to the present and 486 students took the track course for two years. As a result, the track laid out a foundation for the first local joint lecture system in korea with the performance-oriented and students-tailored education, meeting needs of the new era and training efficiency. The graduates' employment rose to 8.5%, compared with that of 2005. According to recent survey conducted on companies employing the graduates, the satisfaction with the graduates' performance marked 9.4% improvement. The track also contributed to expanding human networks, facilitating the educational exchange of local universities.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the actual situation of animal medicine use in Hanwoo farms, which were a total of 114 farms. Items surveyed were preference of animal medicine, choice criterion, purchase route, purchase frequency, antibiotics substitution products, etc. Data were collected from May to June, 2010. The kinds of animal medicine which preferred in Hanwoo farms is probiotics (40.4%). Whereas the lowest preference is immunizing agent (12.3%). There was significant difference among regional group (p<0.05), and the significant difference was also found in different farm size group (p<0.05). The factor of choice for purchase of animal medicine was efficiency (31.6%), first of all. There was significant difference among regional group (p<0.05). The purchase route of animal medicine was mostly supplied with the help of government (41.6%). The significant difference were showed in regional group (p<0.05). But that was not found in farm size group (p>0.05). The highest frequency at purchasing antibiotics was less than 1 time per 1 year (38.6%). There was statistically significant difference among regional group (p<0.05). However, there was not significant difference among farm size group (p>0.05). Probiotics of antibiotics substitution products was mostly preferred (50.9%).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.389-400
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• 2017

In December 2015, 195 nations agreed to cut green house gas emissions in the Paris Climate Convention, and all over the world showed their willingness to participate in greenhouse gas mitigation. Accordingly, various technologies related to greenhouse gas reduction are being considered, among which carbon dioxide capture, storage, utilization (CCUS) technologies are attracting attention as an unique technology capable of directly removing greenhouse gases. However, CCUS technologies are still costly and have low efficiency. It is still more important to analyze the level of CCUS technology before commercialization and to understand trends and to predict future direction of technology. Therefore, this study analyzes the patent trends of CCUS technology and derives implications for future directions. As a result of country analysis, the United States had the highest number of applications, and sectoral analysis shows that 64% of total patents are from capture sector. Companies such as Alstom technology, Toshiba Corp, and Mitsubishi Heavy are focusing on capturing carbon dioxide. In Korea, government research institutes have focused on storage and utilization technologies. In addition, since the late 2000s, patent applications have increased rapidly, and many countries have been interested in the development of the technology and have made efforts to reduce greenhouse gas.