• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.116-141
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• 1994

This paper presents a model for R&D project selection and evaluation system design developed through literature review. The model emphasizes the fitness between the five elements of the system : evaluation phase and purpose, personnel and organization, evaluation critiria and decision model, evaluation form and procedure, and projects. The model was applied in real situation as a test case. The important findings are that a good project selection and evaluation model contributes only partially to the effectiveness of the project selection and that system development and implementation activity is a dynamic and multi-facetted learning process.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.271-279
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• 2019

The life expectancy of people has been steadily extended due to the improvement of living standards and the development of medical technology. Besides, the low birth rate and long life expectancy decrease the youth population while the elderly population is steadily increasing. Many elderly people have enough time and financial allowance, and the interest in health care is increased all over society. There are also increasing numbers of elderly people who exercise lightly in the playgrounds and parks such as running and walking. Outdoor fitness equipment that can be easily seen in neighbourhood parks, public spaces, etc. can be good health promotion tools that can be easily accessed in the daily life of the elderly. Outdoor fitness equipment Description Signs require a design that takes into account the declining vision of older users. Proper design is also important for the prevention of safety accidents in use. The purpose of this study is to find out the perception of the elderly about outdoor fitness exercise equipment sign system and to find the problem of recognition. To do this, we conduct user observation and interview surveys for the elderly. As a result, the emphasis of the caveat or problems with the size of the writing were pointed out, and it was necessary to explain the picture rather than the text. Also, there was a high demand for refraining from using foreign words, using universal words and including motor effects in signs. Based on the results of the user observation and interviews, we propose guidelines for the use of outdoor exercise equipment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.249-261
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• 1984

This study was to investigate the fitness of the dental arch line to the parabola, and to estimate correlation between the parabola and some ratios of the dental arch measurements. The sample was consisted of the 64 plaster casts showing normal occlusion which was taken from males and females of Korea, aging from 15 to 18 years. The photos of occlusal surface of the plaster casts were taken, and 38 landmarks on the film were selected. The 3 dental arch lines on each dental arch were imaged. One is the dental arch line passing the points of the most buccal surfaces of the teeth, another is that passing the buccal cusp tips of the posterior teeth and the incisal edges, and the other is that passing the midpoints of the teeth. The landmarks on the film were digitized, and measurements and statistics were performed by the IBM computer. The results were as follows; 1. The fitness of the dental arch to the parabola was very good. The fitness of thor upper dental arch was above $91\%$, and that of the lower dental arch was $93\%$. 2. The dental arch line passing the points of the most buccal surfaces of teeth was best fit to the parabola, the buccal cusp tip arch line and the midpoint arch line in order. 3. Correlation between the ratio of oblique molar dental height to molar width and the parabola was very high. 4. The ratio of oblique molar dental height to molar width was devided into 4 groups by the quartiles, and mean parabolic equations and curves were calculated and drawn.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.87-115
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• 2012

This research classified hospital specialization strategy types through cluster analysis, analyzed fitness of hospital specialization strategy types for external environment or organizational structure, and examined relation between hospital specialization strategy types and organizational performance. This research surveyed 1,437 hospitals which have more than 30 patient's bed and practice national health service in Korea. Specifically, this research divided into two part : external fit - analysis of relation between external environment and specialization strategy, internal fit-analysis of relation between organizational structure factors and specialization strategy. also, as the organizational performance for achieving specialization strategic purpose, not only the productivity, efficiency, profit but also the medical quality was considered. In case of external fit, many hospitals chose integration type if there are a lot of competitive hospitals and regional population. Particularly, if there are many competitive hospitals, concentration type is chosen. In contrast, if there are many doctors in the region, differentiation type is chosen. In case of internal fit, according to organization type and patient's bed number, hospitals chose different types. If it is a general hospital and has a few bed number, generalization or concentration type is chosen. Tertiary hospital or the hospital with many patient's bed chose differentiation type. According to the number of specialists, if there are a few specialists, generalization or concentration type is chosen. If there are many specialists, differentiation type has high fitness for the hospital. In relation to strategy types and organizational performance, differentiation type has best result. Differentiation type has a good result in 7 items out of 11.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm a structural model for health promotion for industrial workers. Methods: Data was collected by questionnaires from 294 industrial workers at a food manufacturing factory. The data collected were analyzed through SAS 8.1 and Window LISREL 8.12a. Results: 1. The result of the test showed that the measurement of fitness was $x^2$=(삭제) 443.35, $x^2$/df 5.3415, GFI .86, AGFI .75, RMR .060, NFI .95, NNFI .93, CN 77.58, and those other than NFI and NNFI did not well fit into the practical data. 2. 15 out of 29 paths in a constructed model were statistically significant. 3. The measurements for total fitness in the modified model were $x^2$= (삭제) 146.51, $x^2$/df 1.8546, GFI .95, AGFI .91, RMR .042, NFI .98, NNFI .99, CN 223.44, all of which showed fitness in good shape to the practical data. 4. The result of the study for the modified model indicated that perceived self efficacy had the most significant direct effect on health promotion behaviors, and self esteem, perceived benefits of action, interpersonal influences, commitment to a plan of action were important factors having influences on them. Conclusion: The derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior of industrial workers. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested implication in nursing practice.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2017

Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the effects of fall prevention exercise and education on physical fitness, fall efficacy, and fall prevention behavior among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This study applied nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected from January 8th to March 4th, 2015. There were 24 subjects in the experimental group and 21 in the control group from two different senior citizen center in B city. The fall prevention program consisted of exercise, education, and telephone coaching was developed using self-efficacy theory: 'Performance accomplishment', 'Vicarious experience', 'Verbal persuasion', 'Emotional arousal'. Then, it was conducted once a week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed with $x^2$ test and t-test using the SPSS program. Results: The findings indicated that fall prevention program conducted on older adults is good for improving their muscular strength in lower extremities (t=6.25, p<.001), physical balance (t=2.66, p=.014), physical flexibility (t=2.88, p<.001) and fall prevention behavior (t=6.19, p<.001). Conclusion: The fall prevention program can be used for community-dwelling older adults as a nursing intervention that enables older adults to enhance their self-care continuously. It is necessary to conduct a follow-up study to see if a self-help meeting could improve self-efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1125-1136
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• 2000

Fitness of clothes becomes a major concern in apparel industry. Development of basic patterns will enhance the fitness of clothes. But there are few slacks patterns for the middle-high school girls. So girls had difficulties to buy ready-made clothes of good fit. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop basic slacks patterns. The purposes of this study was to develop basic slacks patterns based on the analysis of lower body types. 4 girls were selected among 402 anthropometric measurement subjects who are 13 to 15 year-old for the wearing tests. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. Analysing the replicas of lower body surface by using gypsum method, slack patterns were developed. 2. Wearing test by the sensory evaluation showed that the developed slacks pattern was estimated more highly than existing patterns in the items of the comfort of front crotch and back crotch. 3. Wearing test by moire topography method represented that garment silhouette of developed slacks pattern was estimated more highly and garment space of waist, hip were significantly different among patterns.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1412-1422
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• 2016

Austenitic stainless steels (ASSs) are widely used for nuclear pipes as they exhibit a good combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, high tensile residual stresses may occur in ASS welds because postweld heat treatment is not generally conducted in order to avoid sensitization, which causes a stress corrosion crack. In this study, round robin analyses on stress intensity factors (SIFs) were carried out to examine the appropriateness of structural integrity assessment methods for ASS pipe welds with two types of circumferential cracks. Typical stress profiles were generated from finite element analyses by considering residual stresses and normal operating conditions. Then, SIFs of cracked ASS pipes were determined by analytical equations represented in fitness-for-service assessment codes as well as reference finite element analyses. The discrepancies of estimated SIFs among round robin participants were confirmed due to different assessment procedures and relevant considerations, as well as the mistakes of participants. The effects of uncertainty factors on SIFs were deducted from sensitivity analyses and, based on the similarity and conservatism compared with detailed finite element analysis results, the R6 code, taking into account the applied internal pressure and combination of stress components, was recommended as the optimum procedure for SIF estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.24-29
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• 1997

Recently, Genetic Algorithm(GA), which is a stochastic direct search strategy that mimics the process of genetic evolution, is widely adapted into a search procedure for structural optimization. Contrast to traditional optimal design techniques which use design sensitivity analysis results, GA is very simple in their algorithms and there is no need of continuity of functions(or functionals) any more in GA. So, they can be easily applicable to wide area of design optimization problems. Also, owing to multi-point search procedure, they have higher porbability of convergence to global optimum compared to traditional techniques which take one-point search method. The methods consist of three genetics opera- tions named selection, crossover and mutation. In this study, a method of finding the omtimum size and topology of drilling machine is proposed by using the GA, For rapid converge to optimum, elitist survival model,roulette wheel selection with limited candidates, and multi-point shuffle cross-over method are adapted. And pseudo object function, which is the combined form of object function and penalty function, is used to include constraints into fitness function. GA shows good results of weight reducing effect and convergency in optimal design of drilling machine.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.660-671
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• 2014

Purpose: The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in adolescent girls and to test the fitness with collected data. Methods: The participants were 1,087 adolescent girls from 3 high schools and 5 middle schools in B city. Data were collected from July 3 to October 15, 2012 using self-reported questionnaires and were analyzed using PASW 18.0 and AMOS 16.0 programs. Results: The overall fitness indices of hypothetical model were good (${\chi}^2$ =1555, p<.001), ${\chi}^2$/df=4.40, SRMR=.04, GFI=.91, RMSEA=.05, NFI=.90, TLI=.91, CFI=.92, AIC=1717). Out of 16 paths, 12 were statistically significant. Daily hassles had the greatest impact on PMS in the adolescent girls in this model. In addition, PMS in adolescent girls was directly affected by menarche age, Body Mass Index (BMI), amount of menstruation, test anxiety, social support, menstrual attitude and femininity but not by academic stress. This model explained 27% of the variance in PMS in adolescent girls. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that nursing interventions to reduce PMS in adolescent girls should address their daily hassles, test anxiety, menstrual attitude and BMI. Also, social support from their parents, friends, and teachers needs to be increased.