• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.80-89
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• 2014

This study examined the nutritional components and physicochemical properties of small colored potatoes and small regular potatoes as a natural health food source. To accomplish this, the general and antioxidative contents of small colored potatoes and small regular potatoes were measured. Total contents of carbohydrates, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were 88.1%, 4.9%, 0.9%, and 6.4%, respectively. Small colored potatoes contained 76.5 kcal, while their total dietary fiber was 4.0%. Total proteins consisted of 17 different kinds of amino acids. Regarding their mineral contents, K was the most abundant mineral, followed by P, Mg, and Ca. Total phenol contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts of small colored potatoes were $48.2{\pm}1.2$ mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts were $13.1{\pm}0.3$ mg RE/g. Overall, small colored potatoes had higher amounts of nutrients and physicochemical properties than small regular potatoes. The general nutrients and other antioxidant bioactive materials in small colored potatoes were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that follow up studies of small colored potatoes through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of functional foods.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2012

Onion peels is a natural source of high-value functional ingredients produced in the onion industry without suitable processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate characteristics of onion peel extract (OPE), including its biological activities, obtained from solvent extraction in 3 times pilot scales (Lot A, B, and C). Mineral analysis showed that K was present in the largest amount (13,767.56-15,506.78 ppm), followed by Na and Ca at 8,602.44-9,796.00 ppm and 4,255.78-4,903.33 ppm, respectively. The amounts of total phenol, total flavonoid, and quercetin in the OPE were in the ranges of 598.57~626.73, 211.73~233.64, and 93.78~107.29 mg/g, respectively. The biological activities such as antioxidant and effects of fibrinolysis increased in parallel with the concentration of OPE. The $IC_{50}$ value of DPPH radical scavenging activity was in the range of 517.58~557.32 ppm in the OPE. The $IC_{50}$ value for superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity was in the range of 11,900.91~12,690.35 ppm. A clear zone of OPE (20,000 ppm) in fibrinolysis test was three times higher than the plasmin as a reference. In conclusion, OPE could be used as a good source of antioxidants and fibrinolytic activities.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.164-175
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• 2008

This study was performed to compare food consumption patterns, dietary behavior, and nutrition knowledge between Korean professional soccer players and the non-athletic males. Data were collected from 53 soccer players working for Korean professional soccer clubs and 44 non-athletic males, using self-administered questionnaires. There were significant differences in food consumption frequency between two groups. Meats and eggs, fishes and shellfishes, sea weeds were consumed more frequently by the soccer players. The frequency scores of foods rich in iron, calcium, and protein were also higher in the soccer players compared with the non-athletes. Meanwhile, the consumption of alcohol was more frequent in the non-athletes. As for the cooking method, the soccer players showed higher preference for steaming/parboiling and consumed raw vegetables and fruits more frequently than the non-athletic males (p < 0.05). The average scores of soccer players on nutrition knowledge for basic nutrition and athletic nutrition were lower than the respective values of the non-athletic males. However, the soccer players showed better eating behaviors and dietary habits compared with non-athletic males (p < 0.001). They had well-balanced, regular diet and good habits for chronic disease prevention. No significant relationship could be observed with respect to nutrition knowledge and nutritional behavior. Moreover, the experience of getting nutrition information did not affect either nutrition knowledge score or nutritional habits score, except that for habits of chronic disease prevention in non-athletes. Therefore, it is suggested that more effective and practical nutrition education program be needed for promoting healthy eating habits and improving nutritional status in young males.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.266-287
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• 1998

Environmental conditions and expected profit are the major criteria to select crops to be cultivated in any region. Traditionally, miscellaneous crops have been cultivated as alternative crop in case of unfavorable climate or supplementary crop in marginal lands. Since the successful breeding of high yielding varieties of staple crops and development of cultural techniques in 1970s in Korea, production of miscellaneous crops decreased markedly due to the rapid commercialization of agriculture and increased productions of horticultural crops, although yields have been doubled during the last $2\~3$ decades. On the other hand, animal husbandry has been developing remarkably parallel with national economic development and the increased consumption of animal products. As a result, imports of feed grains such as corn have increased rapidly, while roughage production became lower than demand. Among miscellaneous crops, corn production increased markedly through the development of hybrids and due to its importance as silage crops. Acreage of corn production including grains, fresh corns and feeding is about 120,000 ha, while acreage of buckwheat is about 5,000 ha and those of other miscellaneous crops decreased to a level of about 1,000 ha. Although miscellaneous crops have low yield potential and are unprofitable due to low price and imports of cheap foreign products, they should be kept to cultivate. Miscellaneous crops are important components that maintain diversity among upland crops as well as alternative crops in case of unfavorable climate. The low yield potential of miscellaneous crops might be due to lack of efforts to breed high yielding varieties and to develope cultural techniques. Continuous investment in research, exploitation of new utilization for miscellaneous crops as sustainable crop, honey crop and sightseeing crop, and development of healthy and special foods will promote their cultivation. Animal feeding in Korea depends mainly on formula feeds. As the number of animals increases to meet demand of animal products, there is no alternative way but to import grains to feed them. But roughage production, which is necessary for normal growth of ruminant animals, should be increased. However, lack of arable land and pasture land limits the production of good roughages. It is estimated that number of course for meat and milk production will be $2.5{\~}2.6$ million and total of $6.2{\~}7.5$ million tons of roughages should be produced. This implies that more than 1 million tons of roughage are needed, although pasture land, upland for forage crops, forage crops after rice cultivation and rice straw are utilized. Therefore, new reclamation of pasture land, increased roughage production in cultivating land, increased cultivation of forage crops after rice, more utilization of rice straw and active exploration of indigenous plant species as roughage resources should be promoted

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1988

In order to improve the quality of amino acid soysauce, this experiment was carried out as follows; koji added amino acid soysauce(KAAS) was prepared by addition of defatted soybean and meal koji into amino acid soysauce containing $0.5%{\sim}1.5%$ of total nitrogen. Various physicochemical characteristics of KAAS during aging were determined. Total nitrogen, amino-nitrogen, specific gravity, pure extract, total acidity and color were high in KAAS at high total nitrogen. After one month aging, reducing sugar was high in KAAS at high total nitrogen, but pH was high in KAAS at low total nitrogen. Ethyl alcohol was 2.07% in KAAS at 0.5% of total nitrogen after five months aging and 1.4% in KAAS at 1.5% of total nitrogen. Levulinic acid and lactic acid were high in KAAS at low total nitrogen. The results obtained above summarized as the quality of KAAS were highly good at $0.5{\sim}0.7%$ of total nitrogen after two or three months aging.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.535-543
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• 2021

Particulate matter (PM) causes oxidative stress and can rapidly diffuse from the lung to the blood and accumulate in the liver when inhaled. Natural antioxidants can be used to protect against oxidative stress caused by PM. Sargassum horneri, a brown seaweed, possesses antioxidative activity and is a good source of functional foods. Therefore, this study investigated the antioxidant potential of S. horneri extract (SHE) in the livers of PM-induced asthmatic mice. PM inhalation triggered lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, and SHE treatment attenuated malondialdehyde in the liver of mice with PM-induced asthma. Furthermore, SHE mitigated the increase in catalase activity. Importantly, SHE reduced the activity of 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1), a DNA repair enzyme. These results suggest that SHE has antioxidant potential for moderating PM-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in the liver of asthmatic mice.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1355-1361
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• 2021

Digestibility of pet food can affect the health of dog, especially of aged animals. To maintain the health of dogs in an overall good status it is necessary to provide nutritionally balanced food. For example, the digestibility of dogs was known to be decreased along aging. In addition, losing teethes is an often event in aged dogs that could induce a problem to eat a large size dry pet food. Nonetheless, few detailed information is available on the most suited feeding for aged dogs. As part of the nutritional study of food for aged dogs, in this study, we tested whether food type impacts on digestibility on adult versus senior dogs. The methodology to measure the digestibility of nutrients was chosen the index method using chromium oxide. Dogs were fed the same commercial dry or wet diets, which were supplemented with 0.5% chromium oxide. The wet food was prepared by adding twice volume of water in the dry food prior to incubated overnight (14-16 hours) at room temperature. After five days, their feces were collected up to a total weight of > 200 g which was the amount to analyze undigested nutrients in feces as 3 repeats. In the apparent total tract digestibility analysis of the experimental breed, no difference in the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and energy was observed regarding the moisture content of the food. Noteworthy, the digestibility of nitrogen free extract was significantly increased in senior dogs fed dry dog food compared with adult dogs fed the same diet, whereas no difference was observed between senior and adult dogs fed wet food. The small breed dogs showed similar results to the experimental breed dogs. However, the digestibility of crude fat was additionally affected by age and food type unlike the experimental breed dogs. This finding suggests that the food moisture content affects the digestibility of nutrients in dogs with aging. Hence, it may be helpful to determine the nutrient contents in foods for senior dogs depending on the food type.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 2019

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of mixed extracts of Achyranthes japonica Nakai (Aj) and Aralia continentalis Kitagawa (Ac) (ratios of 1 : 2, 1 : 3, 1 : 5, 2 : 1, 3 : 1 and 5 : 1) on RAW264.7 macrophages. Cell toxicity was determined using a cell counting kit (CCK) assay. We evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of the mixed extracts of Aj and Ac by measuring interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF){\alpha}$ using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit assay. The mixed extracts of Aj and Ac inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF{\alpha}$ in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Comparing different ratios of the mixed extracts, the 2 : 1 ratio of Aj and Ac has much more potency and inhibited the production of $TNF{\alpha}$ in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The results of the present study showed that the mixed extracts of Aj and Ac have potential anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. Therefore, these extracts may be used as a good source of functional foods for the protection against inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 2018

The leaves of Spiraea prunifolia were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and the concentrates were partitioned into EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ fractions. The repeated $SiO_2$ or ODS column, and medium pressure liquid chromatographies for the n-BuOH fraction led to isolation of two phenolic glucosides. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined as isosalicin (1) and crenatin (2) based on spectroscopic analyses including Nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. Extracts were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS providing a short analysis time within 5 min using MRM technique. The concentration of crenatin was higher as 9.53 mg/g and isosalicin was lower as 0.65 mg/g. Neuroprotective effects of these compounds against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced neurotoxicity were evaluated. The results showed that exposure to $H_2O_2$ induced morphological changes, cell death and neurotoxicity in SK-N-MC cells. However, pretreatment with crenatin resulted in inhibition of morphological change, reduction of loss of cell viability and attenuation of neuronal damage. These results suggested that neuroprotective effect of crenatin isolated from S. prunifolia can be a good candidate for the development of health beneficial foods which can ameliorate the degenerative neuronal disease caused by oxidative stress.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to optimize dough properties using response surface methodology (RSM) and to demonstrate the performances of dough prepared under optimized conditions. Dough mixed with yeast, margarine, salt, sugar and wheat flour was prepared by fermentation process. Hardness, cohesiveness and springiness of dough were selected as critical quality attributes. The critical formulations (yeast and water) and process (fermentation time) variables were selected as critical input variables based on preliminary experiment. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used as RSM. As a result, the quardratic, the squared and the linear model respectively provided the most appropriate fit ($R^2$>90) and had no significant lack of fit (p>0.05) on critical quality attributes (hardness, cohesiveness and springiness). The accurate prediction of dough characteristics was possible from the selected models. It was confirmed by validation that a good correlation was obtained between the actual and predicted values. In conclusion, the methodologies using RSM in this study might be applicable to the optimization of fermented foods containing various wheat flour and yeast.