• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.457-465
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• 1999

Objective: The presence of Y chromosome in patients with gonadal dysgenesis is related to the risk of gonadoblastoma. Since the patients with abnormal sexual differentiation may have cryptic Y mosaicism, it is important to detect the presence of Y material in these patients. But sometimes it is difficult to detect Y material only with karyotyping. This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of the SRY gene screening in blood and gonad by using PCR in detecting the presence of Y material and possible tissue mosaicism in patients with gonadal dysgenesis as Turner syndrome and 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (PGD, Swyer syndrome). Method: In 26 patients with gonadal dysgenesis, we screened for Y material by using PCR for SRY gene in peripheral leukocytes and in gonadal tissues of some patients. They were 22 cases of Turner syndrome (7 45,XO, 2 46,Xi(Xq), 3 45,XO/46,XX, 5 45,XO/46,Xi(Xq), 1 45, XO/46,XY, 1 45,XO/46,Xi(Yq), 1 45,XO/47,XYY, 1 46,XX,del(X)(q24) and 1 46,X,+mar) and 4 cases of 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis. PCR for SRY gene in the gonadal tissue was performed in 5 Turner syndrome and 2 PGD to determine the cryptic Y mosaicism between blood and gonad. Results: By using PCR analysis for SRY, Y chromosome material was detected in the blood of 4 of 22 Turner syndrome patients (45,XO/46,Xi(Xq), 45,XO/46,Xi(Yq), 45,XO/46,XY, and 45, XO/47,XYY), 3 of 4 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis. Discrepancy between karyotyping and blood PCR for SRY was noted in 1 Turner syndrome (45,XO/46,Xi(Xq)) and 1 PGD. Laparoscopic gonadectomy was performed in Y containing or SRY positive cases. In addition, PCR analysis for SRY in the gonads of 5 Turner syndrome and 2 PGD showed discrepancy between blood and gonad or between both gonads in 3 Turner syndrome (45,XO/46,Xi(Xq), 45,XO/46,Xi(Y q), 45,XO/46,XY) and 2 PGD patients. Conclusion: In gonadal dysgenesis, PCR analysis for SRY gene is useful to detect the cryptic Y mosaicism that is sometimes undetected by karyotyping. And since there may be tissue mosaicism, it is necessary to evaluate Y mosaicism in various tissues even in the case without Y chromosome on karyotyping.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the ultrastructural changes of spermatozoa obtained from 20 of 3-year-old male chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta) collected and analysed in middle October in 1995. The ultrastructural changes of gonad of fingerlings were examined to describe the sex differentiation of this species. The results obtained in this study were as follows : In spermatozoa, the nucleus is dense and homogeneous. Two spheroidal mitochondria(about 350nm long) are situated in parallel between the nucleus and the axoneme. Spermatozoa mitochondria are assembled into an organized sheath surrounding the outer dense fibres and axoneme of the flagellar midpiece. The sheath flagellum is situated beneath the base of the sperm head. The primordial germ cells of 6.8~7.2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size, which were buried under fibrous mesenchymal tissue between gut duct and notochord of larva with a total length of 2.4cm at 50 days after hatching. In juvenile of 10.5cm in total length at 70 days after hatching, the gonad was occupied by bundles of oogonia. The dense drumstick bodies(large arrows) are observed in the nuclei of the primordial gonad and surrounding tissue cells of fingerling at 70 days after hatching. The oval Barr bodies(asterisk) are observed in the nuclei of the primordial germ cells under the mitosis(2n). Note the large mitochondria, ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. Accordingly, the fingerlings at 70 days after hatching are identified as the female(xx). In result, the gonadal sex differentiation begins from the 70 days after hatching in chum salmon.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2017

This study investigated the effect of different photoperiods (14L: 10D, 12L:12D and 10L:14D) on the gonadal development and GtH mRNA expression in the pituitary of damselfish. The results showed that gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly lower in shot photoperiod (10L:14D), in comparison with other photoperiodic group during the spawning season. After 60 days treatment, histological analysis of gonad tissue showed that the gonad of 10L:14D and 12L: 12D treatment groups were resting phase with spermatogonia and perinucleolus stage oocytes but the gonad of 14L:10D treatment group was still ripe phase with spermatozoa and mature stage oocyte. The $FSH{\beta}$ and $LH{\beta}$ mRNA expression in pituitary drastically decreased shot photoperiod treatment from July (spawning period). These results suggest that photoperiod is considered to be the most effective environmental factor in controlling the reproductive cycle of damselfish.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.201-201
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• 2002

GX-12 is a naked DNA vaccine developed by Dong-A pharmaceutical company for the treatment of mv infection. GX-12 consists of four separate plasmids. This study was performed to evaluate the biodistribution and expression of GX-12 mRNA in gonadal tissues, and to investigate the histopathological changes in rats after repeated intramuscular injection.(omitted)

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2013

To effects of sex maturation in olive flounder by regulating long photoperiod, gonadal development and GTH mRNA expression in the pituitary were investigated. Photoperiod was treated natural photoperiod and long photoperiod (15L:9D) conditions from September 2011 to March 2012. The results showed that natural photoperiodic group showed a higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) than long photoperiodic group during the spawning season (March 2012). The histological analysis of ovarian tissue showed that natural photoperiod group of ovaries contained vitellogenic oocytes, but long photoperiod group of ovaries mainly contained perinucleolus staged oocyte and oil-drop staged oocytes. The FSH mRNA of olive flounder, under natural photoperiod group, showed a significantly higher expression but no significant difference under long photoperiod group. The $LH{\beta}$ mRNA showed a significantly higher expression only under natural photoperiod group. These results may suggest that long photoperiodic information regulates secretion of pituitary FSH and LH and maintain early growing stage of gonadal development in this species.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.529-546
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• 1998

부화직후 1.9 mm였던 자어는 부화후 47일경 19 mm전후로 성장하며 초기성장기 자어류들의 전장과 체중과의 관계는 $BW=4.45{\times}10^{-6}TL^{3.4718}$, r=0.9820이었다. 해상가두리의 사육개체는 최대어 전장 28.4 cm까지 성장한 개체를 사용하였고 이들 개체의 전장과 체중과의 관계는 $BW=2.36{\times}10^{-2}TL^{2.9180}$, r=0.9971이었다. 미분화된 참돔의 생식소부위는 생식소와 지방체로 구성되어 있으며 분화가 진행되어 생식소가 비후됨에 따라 지방체는 점점 수축되어 갔다. 부화후 6개월의 미분화기까지 발달한 생식소부위는 생식소와 곤봉상의 지방체로 구성되었다. 이들 생식소는 미세한 반투명산으로 생식원세포를 구별할 수 없는 미발달생태를 유지하고 있다. 부화후 7개월부터 생식소 상피조직의 발달로 생식상피를 식별할 수 있었고, 부화후 8개월 생식소는 난원세포의 발달로 성분화가 시작되었다. 이후 9개월 생식소 내강상피 전체에 초기 난모세포들이 발달하고 이들 난모세포들의 증가로 생식소내강은 난소강을 이룬다. 부화후 13개월 난모세포는 생식소전체를 채우게 되고 곧 난모세포들의 세포질 붕괴가 시작된다. 15개월부터는 난소강을 중심으로 새로운 초기 난모세포들이 발달하여 난소조직으로 된다. 그리고 공포상조식은 정원세포들이 분열.증식하여 정소조직을 이루게 된다. 이후 이들은 생식소자웅동체기를 지나 암.수로 성이 결정된다. 따라서 참돔은 유시자웅동체 juvenile hermaphrodite 이고 미분화자웅이제 경골어류 undifferentiated gonochoristic teleost이었다. 생식소 자웅분화상은 미분화기, 유사난원세포기, 유사난소기, 난소발달기, 정소형자웅동체기, 난소형자웅동체기 및 정소발달기로 구분되었다. 미분화기 생식소는 부화후부터 13개월, 전장 18cm까지 지속되었으며, 유사난원세포기는 부화후 7~13개월, 전장 11~18cm까지 지속되었다. 유사난소기는 부화 10~14개월, 전장 14~26cm까지이며, 난소발달기는 부화후 14개월, 전장 20cm부터 시작되었다. 부화후 20개월에는 전 조사개체의 44%가 난소였다. 난소형자웅동체기는 부화후 15개월, 전장 19~20cm부터 출현하며, 부화후 20개월, 전장 28~29cm에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 정소형자웅동체는 부화후 15개월, 전장 21~22cm에서 첫 출현한 후 20개월까지 지속되었다. 정소발달기는 부화후 15개월, 전장 21~22cm에서 첫 출현한 후 20개월의 39%, 전장 28~29cm의 33%를 차지하였다. 50%이상의 성분화발현은 부화후 11개월, 전장 16cm부터였다. 성결정은 암컷이 부화후 14개월, 전장은 20mc, 수컷이 부화후 15개월, 전장 20cm에 시작되었다. 50%이상의 성결정은 부화후 17개월, 전장 23cm에 일어났다

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 1994

Gonadal developmint, age and growth of Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated using samples from the intertidal zone of Simpo on the coast of Kimje, Korea, which were collected onthly for one year from Februaty 1993 to January 1994.Ruditapes philippinarum is diecious in sex. The gonads are located between the subregion of the midintestinal glands and reticular connective tissue of the foot. The ovary is composed of a number of ovarian sacs, and the testis is composed of numerous seminiferous tubules. The clam spawns once a year from early June to darly October, and the main spawning occurred between July and August when the water temperature went above 23$^{\circ}C$. Ripe oocytes are about 65-70${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter. Gonadal phases of this species can be divided into five successive stages; multiplicative(February to March), growing (April to May), mature(Aprilto Septimber), spent(June to October), and degenerative and resting(july to March). Spawning is closely related to the sea water temperature. Based on the monthly variations of marginal index (MI')of the shell, it was suggested that the annual ring mark formation occurred in March once a year and took approximately 8 months (0.67 year) for first ring to be formed on the shell. The relationship between the shell length(SL) and the total weight (TW) was represented by nonlinear equation; TW=1.208 x 10/ sup -4/ S $L^{3.158}$, and also in the relationship be-tweenthe shell length (SL) and the shell height(SH), the shell length and the shell width (SW) were represented by the linear equations; SH=0.726 SL-0.483, SW=0.542 SL-0.803.Growth curves for shell length and total weight fitted to von Bertalanffs equation were expressed as: S $L_{t}$ =68.34(1- $e^{0.221}$(t+0.418)) T $W_{t}$ =75.16(1- $e^{0.221}$(t=0.418))$^{3.158/3.158}$

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2008

Early gonadal development and sexual differentiation of dark-banded rockfish (Sebastes inermis Cuvier) were followed from parturition to 400 days post parturition (dpp). During this period, average total length (TL) increased from 0.57 to 13.18 cm. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) were first detected at 0.68 cm TL (10 dpp). When fish reached 1.52 cm TL (50 dpp), initial stages of ovarian differentiation were identified by the presence of PGCs containing condensed chromatin and their transformation into meiotic oocytes. At 10.23 cm TL (300 dpp), the ovaries gradually developed into oocytes in the primary yolk stages. Ovary growth was rapid after sex differentiation, but testis tissue continued to multiply without growing until fish reached 6.97 cm TL (200 dpp), after which the production of spermatocytes, spermatogonia, and cyst cells was apparent. Histological analysis of gonadal structure suggested a gonochoristic sexual development pathway. Our analysis of the sex ratio at 400 dpp showed a significantly higher proportion of males.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.157-171
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• 2021

To determine whether the reproductive processes of sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus, proceed normally after transportation from an outdoor net-cage into indoor tanks, we examined changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), histological gonadal tissue, and plasma levels of sex hormones (testosterone and estradiol-17ß) during their annual reproductive cycle. We also measured maturation and spawning across two sea water salinity levels (full and low salinity). Fecundity was estimated by the relationship between egg number and body size in female sea bass. Monthly changes in the GSI, histological gonadal tissues, and oocyte size showed both male and female sea bass reach final maturation in January and February, respectively, indicating that the spermiation of males occurs earlier than the spawning of females. The histological results indicated that the sea bass is a multiple spawner, similar to many marine teleosts, exhibiting group-synchronous oocyte development. Female maturation and spawning were enhanced in lower salinity seawater (29.6-31.0 psu) compared to that of normal salinity (34.5-35.1 psu). These results confirm that sea bass reproduction can occur successfully in captivity and imply that fertilized eggs can be collected from February to March. Additionally, our results show that lower salinity enhances oocyte maturation and spawning of female sea bass.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.186-189
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• 2023

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a unique mitochondrial membranous protein expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mammals. While its expression in response to cold temperatures and adipogenic inducers is well-characterized in mammals and human infants, the molecular characterization and expression of UCP1 in fish remain unexplored. To address this gap, we analyzed UCP1 expression in response to adipogenic inducers in a fish cell line, rainbow trout gonadal cells (RTG-2), and compared it with UCP1 expression in three mammalian preadipocytes, 3T3-L1, T37i, and WT1 exposed to the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists, rosiglitazone (Rosi). In mammalian preadipocytes, UCP1 protein was highly expressed by Rosi, with an induction of adipogenesis observed in a time-dependent manner. This suggests that UCP1 plays a significant role in adipogenesis in mammals. However, RTG-2 cells showed no response to adipogenic inducers and exhibited only marginal expressions of UCP1. These results imply that RTG-2 cells may lack crucial responsive mechanisms to adipogenic signals or that the adipogenic response is regulated by other mechanisms. Further studies are needed to confirm these phenomena in fish preadipocytes when an appropriate cell line is established in future research.