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Monthly Gonadal and Sex Hormonal Changes of Indoor-Reared Seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus during Annual Reproductive Cycle (실내사육 농어, Lateolabrax japonicus의 생식소 및 성호르몬의 주년 변화)

  • Kang Duk Young;Han Hyoung Kyun;Baek Hea Ja
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.614-620
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    • 2002
  • The sea bass, Lateoiabrax japonicus is a highly valued fish in aquaculture in South Korea. For establishment of seedling production of sea bass,1 japonicus, we examined change of gonadal development and plasma steroid levels of sea bass reared in indoor tank. Male matured unsimultaneously faster than females and spawning of females took place between the end of January and March. After the spawning period, and until the following January, all the females were in preyitello genesis and in some males, spermatogenetic activity restarted gradually. In October, under reducing photoperiod, cortical alveoli appeared in growing oocyte and the development of spermatogenesis greatly increased. Between October and february, vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis occurred respectively in female and male and gonadosomatic index increased from 4.31 to $24.07\%$ in female and upper 6o/o in male. Also, two sex hormones were analyzed during the course of a reproductive cycle in the sea bass: plasma levels of the gonadal steroid testosterone (T) and estradiol-l7$\beta$ (E_{2}). Variation of the plasma concentrations of T and E, appeared to depend on gonad stages. Plasma T and E, levels were high from November to January, suggesting that an sufficient gonadal stimulation by both hormones may undergoing a processes for the formation of sperm and oocyte.

Studies on parasitic trematodes in bivalves -Variation of infection rate of Cercaria tapidis and Cercaria harengulae- (조개류에 기생하는 흡충류에 관한 연구 - Cercaria tapidis, Cercaria harengulae 의 기생율 변동)

  • Kim, Young-Gill;Lee, Keun-Kwang;Kim, Young-Jin
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 1995
  • We had reported the infection rates of trematode larvae, Cercaria tapidis and C. harengulae in the gonad tissues of Tapes philippinarum and Solen strictus in the estuary of Kum river, the west coast in Korea in 1980~1982. At the same sites from January 1994 to January 1995, we investigated the variation of the infection rates of these trematode larvae in the two clams. The results are follows. The infection rate of C. tapidis parasitized in T. philippinarum increased in 2.4 times (14.0%) higher than that (5.7%) in 1981. Monthly maxium infection rate was 32.0% in October 1994. Comparing the rate (23.3%) in December 1981, the rate in 1994 showed a higher trend than that in 1981. The mean infection rate of C. harengulae in T. philippinarum showed 2.3% in 1994. Comparing that (5%) in 1980, it showed a decreased rate than that in 1980. And monthly maximum infection infection rate of this clam was 6.7% in May 1994, compared with the rate (19.0%) in March 1980. It appeared furthermore decreased rate in 1994. The mean infection rate of the year of C. harengulae in S. strictus was 6.9% in 1994, while it was 10.2% between 1981 and 1982. It showed a decreased trend in 1994. Monthly maximum infection rate was 23.4% in August 1981, while it was 13.3% in April 1994. It showed a decreased trend in 1994 also. In case of C. tapidis the more large sizes of shell length the more infection rates were higher as same in the investigation in 1980, while in C. harengulae the smaller sizes, the more infection rates showed a higher trend.

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Anatomical Distribution of Paralytic Shellfish Toxin in Bay Scallops Argopecten irradians Along the Gyeongnam Coast, Korea (경남 연안 해만 가리비(Argopecten irradians)의 부위별 마비성 패류독소 분포)

  • Kim, Dong Wook;Park, Kunbawui;Ha, Kwang Soo;Ryu, Ara;Yu, Hean Jae;Jo, Seong Hae;Jo, Sung Rae;Mok, Jong Soo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.241-246
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    • 2019
  • To understand the characteristics of paralytic shellfish poisoning in a major production area of the bay scallop Argopecten irradians in Korea, the seasonal variation and anatomical distribution of paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) were determined in bay scallops collected from the Gyeongnam coast of Korea from March to May 2018. PST levels in bay scallops in the survey area showed remarkable seasonal variation. PST was first detected at a level of 0.42 mg/kg on April 2, 2018, and the highest toxin level (3.15 mg/kg) was recorded on April 12. Among the tissues of bay scallops, the highest proportion of PST was found in the viscera ($54.9%{\pm}17.8%$), followed by the adductor ($22.8%{\pm}10.9%$), gonads ($8.9%{\pm}4.6%$), gills ($7.1%{\pm}3.7%$), and mantle ($6.3%{\pm}.8%$). In addition, with higher PST levels in the whole tissues of bay scallops, the proportion of PST in the viscera increased, whereas those in the mantle, gill, and gonad tissues decreased. In a high-toxicity group with more than 2.0 mg/kg PST in the whole tissues, the proportion of PST in the viscera was $71.8%{\pm}6.7%$.

Spawning Period Characteristics and Early Life History of the Eight Barbel Loach, Lefua costata (Pisces: Balitoridae) (쌀미꾸리(Lefua costata)의 산란기 특징 및 초기생활사)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Su;Han, Mee-Sook;Ko, Myeong-Hun
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.285-293
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    • 2021
  • This study was conducted to elucidate spawning period characteristics and early life development of eight barbel loach, Lefua costata (Balitoridae) at the Jusucheon stream, Okgye-myeon, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, Korea between January and December in 2018. The spawning period was estimated to be from May to August, considering the change in the gonad-somatic index, the appearance of young fry, and frequency distribution in egg diameter. It was a multi-spawning type. The gender ratio was 1:0.79 with 1,117 females and 879 males collected. The egg size was 0.24-0.93 mm, with mature and immature eggs found during the spawning period. The size of mature eggs was 0.71±0.02 mm, and the average number of fecundity was 1,786±818 (n=31). Observation of the egg development showed that the fertilized eggs were the sticky, gray, segregated, and demersal type with 0.76±0.03 mm in diameter. The hatching of the embryos began at about 34 hours (hatching rate 50%) after fertilization underwater temperature of 25℃. The average length of the newly hatched pre-larvae was 2.7±0.11 mm. The average length of pre-larvae at 4 days after hatching was 4.5±0.16 mm, and the yolk sac was completely absorbed and entered the post-larvae stage. At 20 days after hatching, the average length of post-larvae was 11.5±0.67 mm, and their fin rays were formed before they transitioned to the juvenile stage. At 100 days after hatching, the average length reached 49.8±2.60 mm, and the appearance and the lateral sideband patterns were similar to those of the adult fish.

Occurrence of Regalecus russellii off the Coast of Gangwon-do, Korea and Coastal Environment (강원도 속초 연안에서 산갈치(Regalecus russellii) 출현과 연안환경)

  • Jong-Won Park;Soon-Man Kwon;Pyo-Il Han;Chung Il Lee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.520-524
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    • 2023
  • Regalecus russellii, which spends most of its life in the deep sea, occasionally appears in coastal waters. However, the reasons for its appearance remain unclear. In Korea, R. russellii mainly appears along the eastern coastal waters, and most of them are caught in fishing gear, such as gill nets, or are stranded on the shore; nevertheless, the frequency of appearance is extremely low. Even if found, this species is often identified to be morphologically similar to Trachipterus ishikawae, and comprehensive analysis to identify the species through sample collection is limited. Consequently, information on the biological characteristics of R. russellii appearing in the coastal waters of Korea is scarce. Herein, the anatomical characteristics of R. russellii caught in a gill net off the Gangwon-do coast on March 14, 2023, were analyzed, and coastal water temperature was measured using an ocean buoy. Our results showed that the individual was male, its total length was 320 cm, body weight was 27.52 kg, body length was 26.62 cm, gonad weight was 619.45 g, and liver weight was 218.71 g. The stomach was full of euphausiids. The water temperature changed drastically at 15-30 m roughly a week before the R. russellii individual was caught, and the subsurface water temperature was lower than 10 ℃. Our findings provide baseline data to understand the ecological characteristics of R. russellii appearing along the eastern coast of the Korea.

Life History of the Endangered Endemic Species, Rhynchocypris semotilus (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in the Songhyeoncheon (Stream), Korea (송현천에 서식하는 멸종위기어류 버들가지 Rhynchocypris semotilus (Pisces: Cyprinidae)의 생활사)

  • Myeong-Hun Ko;Mee-Sook Han ;Hyung Soo Seo
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.160-170
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    • 2023
  • Life history of the endangered endemic species, Rhynchocypris semotilus, was investigated to obtain baseline data for its ecological characteristics in Songhyeoncheon, Hyeonnae-myeon, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea from April to October, 2022. A total of 10 families and 18 species of fishes were collected from 4 survey stations, and R. semotilus was a subdominant species in the survey period (seven times). The main habitat of R. semotilus was the middle-upper stream of rock and boulder bottoms with aquatic plants and slow rapids and pools. The age groups for R. semotilus estimated by the frequency distribution of total length in spawning season (May) indicated the 4~12 mm is 0-year old, 32~49 mm is 1-year old, the 50~65 mm group is 2-years old, the 66~91 mm is 3-years old, and the 92~116 mm is more than 4-years old, and showed rapid growth from May to September. Total length range of female and male were the relatively similar, and sex ratio (♂/♀) was 0.78. The spawning period is from May to July (water temperature is 17 to 21℃), and gonad was developed more than three years old (more than TL 66 mm). In May, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was 10.6±2.99% for females and 8.2±2.34% for males, fecundity was 6,830±1,943, and mature eggs size was 1.34±0.16 mm. Finally, life history characteristics of R. semotilus was discussed between the genus Rhynchocypris and Phoxinus species.

Utilization of Hypothalamic Hormones for Maturational Induction in Seawater Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (해면연어의 성숙을 유도하기 위한 시상하부호르몬의 이용)

  • Park, Woo-Dong;Lee, Cheul-Ho;Shon, Young-Chang
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.121-124
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    • 2007
  • Freshwater-adapted maturing chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) involuntarily captured by stationary nets in Yang-yang seashore areas were transferred to freshwater in an outdoor raceway tank at Yeongdong Inland Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI, Yang-yang, Gangwon, Korea and kept over 1 day until the start of the experiments. The freshwater-adapted females were single-injected intraperitoneally with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, (GnRH-a: $70\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, BW) alone or combined with a dopamine receptor antagonist, pimozide($700\;{\mu}g/kg$ BW). Although gonadosomatic indices [GSI, (gonad weight/BW)${\times}100$] did not show significant changes in both 2004 and 2005, GSI of GnRH-a-injected fish during the 2005 trial slightly increased on the 5th and 7th days post-injection compared to those of vehicle treated fish. Hepatosomatic indices [HSI, (liver weight/BW)${\times}100$] of fish injected with GnRH-a alone and combined with pimozide decreased significantly on the 7th day post-injection in 2004(P<0.05). In 2005 trials, HSI was significantly reduced in GnRH-a treated fish on the 7th day post-injection (P<0.05). Pimozide-injected fish showed a pattern with increase of GSI and decrease of HSI, without significant differences. Taken together, these results suggest that at least in part hypothalamic hormones and dopamine receptor antagonist may induce sexual maturation in freshwater-adapted maturing chum salmon. It remains to evaluate these preliminary results by further researches.

Studies on the Life History of Bacciger harengulae (Bacciger harengulae의 생활사에 관한 연구)

  • KIM Young-Gill;CHUN Seh-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.449-470
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    • 1984
  • The cercaria of Bacciger herengulae which is parasitized on the gonad of Solen strictus was investigated in order to reveal its entire life history. The area covered for the study was in the vicinity sea of Naechodo, the estuary of the Kum river in the western coast of Korea during the period of 1980-1983. Morphology and development as well as infection rates of sporocyst and cercaria within Solen strictus were examined. For accomplishing the objectives of this study, an artificial infection experiment and some investigations on the second intermediate host, the final host and the growing stages were also studied in both laboratory and natural habitat of Solen strictus. According to the study, it was revealed that the first intermediate hosts were Meretrix lusoria, Solen strictus, Tapes japonica and Laternula limicola, the second intermediate host was Palaemon (Exopalaemon) carinicauda and the final hosts were Konosirus punctatus and Harengula zunasi. A mature sporocyst which was found in the gonad of Solen strictus was $4.0-4.3{\times}0.2-0.21\;mm$ insize, and the cercaia with 27 pairs of setae, each seta consisting of 6 tufts, was $270{\times}147{\mu}m$ in body size and $550{\times}52{\mu}m$ in tail size. Oral sucker($52{\times}42{\mu}m$), pharynx, vental sucker and two testese were obviously seen within the cercaria. The excretory vesicles of cercaria were in V-shape and the flame cell were formula was expressed as 2[(3+3)+(3+3)]=24. The infection of cercaria in the first intermediate host, Solen strictus, was found throughout the year regardlless of the water temperature, and its mean infection rate was $9.67\%$ during the study period. The infection rate fluctuated with temperature, the highest being $28.0\%\;at\;28.0^{\circ}C$ water temperature in July and the lowest $2.4\%\;at\;19.5^{\circ}C$ in October, and it increased in proportion to the shell length on the host. But cercaria was not detected at below 4.0 cm in size of the host. Mature cercariae were found 6 months from May to October when water temperature was above $19.5^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, when water temperature was below $19.5^{\circ}C$, only immature cercariae and sporocysts were found. The cercariae were active for 35 hours and survived for 71 hours at $20^{\circ}C$, and 29 and 34 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ respectively, whereas the cercariae were inactive at less than $20^{\circ}C$ in water temperature. Cercaria, from Solen strictus, approached shrimp of 1-3 cm in body length as its second host. Then, it began to intrude in to the muscle of shrimp after 2-3 hours. The infected cercaria formed cyst after 7-8 hours, and became mature metacercaria. $420{\times}310{\mu}m$ in size, 15 days afer infection. The infection rate of metaceria to shrimp in the laboratory was highest, at $25^{\circ}C$ being $61\%$ and at $20^{\circ}C\;17%$. The infection rate of metacearia in shrimp was highest in the first abdominal segment, followed by cephalothorax, the second, and fifth abdominal segments, and in that order. Also, the infection rate of metacercaria in wild shrimp was high $9.6-11.1\%$ at $26.5^{\circ}C$ in June, and low $1.56-2.5\%$ at $28-29.5^{\circ}C$ from July to August. The infected shrimp with metacercaria was experimentally fed to Konosirus punctatus in the laboratory in order to know its final host. The metacercaria developed into the adult worm, $440-520{\times}310-360{\mu}m$ in size, within the intestine of Konosirus punctatus 20 days after infection. The adult worm was oval shape and $20-24{\times}11-20{\mu}m$ in size. The infection rate of adult worm to Konosirus punctatus and Harengula zunasi ranged 87.3 to $100\%$, the mean being $95.2\%$, regardless of the body length of their hosts. The infection rate was $100\%$ in June and July, but it decreased in September and October. The size and body structure of the trematode observed during the present study were well agreed with those ievestigated by Yamaguti(1938), thus, it may be concluded that the adult worm it identified as Bacciger harengulae.

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Early Sexual Maturation Through Temperature Stimulation and Development of Patinopecten yessoensis (큰가리비 (Patinopecten yessoensis)의 수온 자극에 의한 조기 성성숙 유도와 발생)

  • Kim, Young Dae;Lee, Chu;Min, Byung Hwa;Kim, MeeKyung;Kim, Gi Seung;Choi, Jae-Suk;An, Won Gun;Nam, Myung-Mo
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.311-319
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    • 2014
  • Early sexual maturation through temperature stimulation was induced in female and male of yezo scallop. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) in female showed $9.12{\pm}2.9$ in January, $14.89{\pm}2.9$ in February and $21.3{\pm}1.4$ in March in experiment I. GSI in experiment I showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) and in experiments II and III were not show significant variations (P > 0.05). It also showed significant between the control and the experiments I, II, and III in February (P < 0.05) measurements. Experiment I has showed good results in sexual maturation and spawning when compared with other experiments II and III and the control. Histological observation showed that ovary condition was in a growing stage in all the experiments I, II, and III. In February, ovary condition through histological observation was a late mature stage in all the experiments I, II, and III except the control of a growing stage. GSI and gonad weight were $4.4{\pm}0.88$ and 2.8 g, respectively in November whereas it was $15.1{\pm}2.8$, and 11.7 g, respectively in January and $21.7{\pm}5.4$, and 19.4 g, respectively in February after rearing at a water bath of $12^{\circ}C$ depending on the condition of experiment I. It was possible early releasing of eggs and sperms of yezo scallop in February instead of the middle of April to the end of May being spawning period. Fertilized eggs have become a gastrula stage through a spiral cleavage and then become a trochophore larvae after 36 hours. After 10 days, D-shaped larvae have changed into an umbo stage larvae and attached to juveniles in the post larvae after 20-23 days.

Reproductive Ecology of the Silver Pomfret Pampus argenteus on the West Coast of Korea (한국 서해산 병어, Pampus argenteus의 번식생태)

  • Chung, Ee-Yung;Bae, Joo-Seung;Kang, Hee-Woong;Lee, Hwang-Bok;Lee, Ki-Young
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.169-181
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    • 2008
  • Reproductive ecology of the silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus were investigated by histological observations and morphometric data. Samples were collected by the stow net at the coastal area of Jaun-Do, Muan-gun, Korea, from January to December, 2006. P. argenteus is dioecious, the ovary is composed of many ovarian lobules, showing a pair of saccular structure, and the testis is composed of many seminiferous lobules, showing a pair of lobular structure. From February (growing stage) to September (after spawning), monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and condition factor in females and males showed similar patterns with the gonad developmental phases. Judging from the results of their indice, it is assumed that spawning in females and males occur from May to July. The reproductive cycle can be classified into five successive stages in females: early growing stage (February to March), late growing stage (March to April), mature stage (March to July), ripe and spent stage (May to July), and recovery and resting stage (July to February); in males, the cycle can be divided into four successive stages: growing stage (February to April), mature stage (March to June), ripe and spent stage (May to July), and recovery and resting stage (July to February). According to the frequency distributions of egg diameters in the breeding season, P. argenteus is presumed to be spring-summer spawning species and polycyclic species to spawn 2 times or more during one spawning season. Number of total eggs in absolute fecundity were proportional to body length and body weight, respectively. Number of total eggs in absolute fecundity per body weight were also proportional to the body length, but if the increase of body weight considerably increased, rather total eggs in relative fecundity decreased with the increase of body weight. Percentage of first sexual maturity of P. argenteus were over 50% in females and males of 12.1 to 15.0 cm in body length, and 100% for fishes over 18.1 cm in length. Therefore, both sexes were regarded to be sexually mature at one year of age.

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