• 제목/요약/키워드: gold-silver

검색결과 405건 처리시간 0.027초

함안군북지구(咸安郡北地區)의 지질(地質)과 동광상(銅鑛床) (Geology and Ore Deposits in the Haman-Kunbuk Copper District)

  • 문정욱;김명환;이지헌;최충정
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.55-73
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    • 1970
  • The district investigated covers the central and southern portions of the Uiryong Quadrangle amounting to $40km^2$ in area and is bounded approximately by geographical coordinates of $128^{\circ}$ 28' $40^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\sim}128^{\circ}$ 24' 25"E in longitude and $35^{\circ}10{\prime}{\sim}35^{\circ}14^{\prime}06^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$ in latitude. The purpose of this investigation was to provide basic information in drawing up a comprehensive development plan of the copper ore deposits known to exist in the HamanKumbuk district with special emphasis given to the ascertainment of geological and paragenetic characteristics. The area consists chiefly of shale, sandy shale and chert, all belong to Kyongsang System of Cretaceous age. Intruded into these rocks are andesite, granodiorite, basic dikes, and acidic dikes. The mineralization which took place in the area, consists of mostly fissure-filling vein deposits, numbering several tens, with varying magnitudes. The fissures and shear zones created in rocks, such as chert and granodiorite, hosted the deposition of mineralizing vapors and/or hydrothermal solutions along their openings. The strike lengths of these veins vary from 50 to 600 meters in extension and 0.1 to 3 meters in width. Although the degree of fluctuation in width is great, it averages 0.3m. The stuctural patterns, which apparently affected the deposition of veins, are fissure patterns, trend NS to $N30^{\circ}W$, and steep-pitching tension fractures as well as normal fault pattern. Ore minerals associated with vein matters are primarily chalcopyrite and small amounts of scheelite, cobaltiferous arsenopyrite, and gold and silver intimately associated with sulphide minerals. Associated with these ore mineral are pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, specularite and arsenopyrite. Gangue minerals noted are quartz, calcite, chlorite, tourmaline and hornblende. In terms of the compositions of associated minerals, the vein deposits in the district could be grouped under the following four categories: 1. Pyrrhoitite, Arsenopyrite, Gold and Silver Bearing Copper Vein (Type I) 2. Calcite-Scheelite-Copper Vein (Type II) 3. Magnetite-Pyrite-Copper Vein (Type III) 4. Tourmaline Copper Vein (Type IV) Of the four types, the first and the fourth are presently yielding relatively higher grades: of copper ores and concentrates. The estimated ore reserves total some 222,000 metric tons with the following breakdown in terms of metal contents: Name of Mines Au(g/t) Ag(g/t) Cu(%) Reserves(M/T) Kunbuk 15.92 78.69 6,074 60.498 Cheil Kunbuk - - 1.040 60,847 Haman - - 2.688 101,204 222,549 As rehabilitation of old workings and/or exploration of veins at depth proceed, additional estimation of ore reserves may become apparent and necessary. With regard to the problem of beneficiation and upgrading of low-grade ores in the district, it would be advisable to make decisions on location, treating capacity and mill flowsheet after sufficient amount of exploration is completed as suggested in the report.

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廢 PCBs부터 귀금속(Au, Ag 등)의 선택적 침출공정 (Selective Leaching Process of Precious Metals (Au, Ag, etc.) from Waste Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs))

  • 오치정;이성오;국남표;김주환;김명준
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제10권5호
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2001
  • 본 연구는 폐컴퓨터 인쇄회로기판으로부터 Au와 Ag 및 유가금속을 회수하기 위해 수행하였다. 시료는 슈레더를 사용하여 1 mm이하 입자로 분쇄한 후 정전선별하여 약 70%의 부도체를 분리제거하고, 회수된 30%의 도체는 자력선별에 사용하였다. 자력선별에 의해 42%의 자성체는 제거되고 58%의 비자성체를 유가물 침출 원료로 사용하였으며, 비자성체의 Au및 Ag의 함량은 각각 0.227mg/g, 0.697 mg/g 이였다. 회수된 물질로부터 Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Al를 침출분리하기 위해 황산과 과산화수소수를 혼합한 침출용매를 사용하였다. 2.0M 황산, 0.2M과산화수소수, 반응온도 $85^{\circ}C$에서 95%이상의 Cu, 로n, Fe, Ni, Al를 침출 할 수 있었으며, Au와 Ag는 침출되지 않았다. 반면에 황산침출 후 잔사로부터 Au, Ag의 선택적인 침출을 위해 혼합용매(0.2M(NH$_4$)$_2$S$_2$O$_3$, 0.02M $CusO_4$,0.4M NH$_4$OH)를 사용하였을 때 Ag는 100%, Au는 95%이상 침출하였다 또한 최종 잔사로부터 Pb침출은 NaCl용액을, Sn침출은 황산용액을 사용하였으며 침출율은 각각 95%, 98%를 나타냈다.

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한국 금-은광화작용과 천열수 광상의 성인모텔 : 탐사에의 적용

  • 최선규;박상준;김창성
    • 한국광물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국광물학회.대한자원환경지질학회.대한광업진흥공사 2002년도 추계 공동 심포지엄 논문집: 국내 자원의 현황과 전망
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    • pp.119-136
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    • 2002
  • Contrasts in the style of the gold-silver mineralization in geologic and tectonic settings in Korea, together with radiometric age data, reflect the genetically different nature of hydrothermal activities, coinciding with the emplacement age and depth of Mesozoic magmatic activities. It represents a clear distinction between the plutonic settings of the Jurassic Daebo orogeny and the subvolcanic environments of the Cretaceous Bulgugsa igneous activities. During the Daebo igneous activities (c.a. 200-150 (?) Ma) coincident with orogenic time, gold mineralization took place between c.a. 195 and 135 (127 ?) Ma. The Jurassic Au deposits commonly show several characteristics; prominent association with pegmatites, low Ag/hu ratios in the ore-concentrating parts, massive vein morphology and a distinctively simple mineralogy including Fe-rich sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, Au-rich electrum, pyrrhotite and/or pyrite. During the Bulgugsa igneous activities $(110\~50Ma)$, the precious-metal deposits are generally characterized by such features as complex vein morphology, medium to high AE/AU ratios in the ore concentrates, and diversity of ore minerals including base-metal sulfides, pyrite, arsenopyrite, Ag-rich electrum and native silver nth Ag sulfides, Ag-Sb-As sulfosalts and Ag tellurides. Vein morphology, mineralogical, fluid inclusion and stable isotope results indicate the diverse genetic natures of hydrothermal systems in Korea. The Jurassic Au-dominant deposits (orogenic type) were formed at the relatively high temperature $(about\;300^{\circ}\;to\;450^{\circ}C)$ and deep-crustal level $(4.0{\pm}1.5\;kb)$ from the hydrothermal fluids containing more amounts of magmatic waters $(\delta\;^{18}O_{H2O}\;5\~10\%_{\circ})$. It can. It can be explained by the dominant ore-depositing mechanisms as $CO_2$ boiling and sulfidation, suggestive of hypo- to mesothermal environments. In contrast, the Cretaceous Au-dominant $(l13\~68\;Ma),\;Au-Ag \;(108\~47\;Ma)$ and Ag-dominant $(103\~45\;Ma)$ deposits, which correspond to volcanic-plutonic-related type, occurred at relatively low temperature $(about\;200^{\circ}\;to\;350^{\circ}C)$ and shallow-crustal level $(1.0\{pm}0.5\;kb)$ from the ore-forming fluids containing more amounts of less-evolved meteoric waters$(\delta\;^{18}O_{H2O}\;-10\~5\%_{\circ})$. These characteristics of the Cretaceous precious-metal deposits can be attributed to the complexities in the ore-precipitating mechanisms (mixing, boiling, cooling), suggestive of epi- to mesothermal environments. Therefore, the differences of the emplacement depth between the Daebo and the Bulgugsa igneous activities directly influence the unique temporal and spatial association of the deposit styles.

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"만기요람(萬機要覽)" "재용편(財用篇)"의 지리적 해석 (Geographical interpretation of the Chapter on Economy in (財用篇) the Mangiyoram)

  • 손용택
    • 한국경제지리학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.195-214
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    • 2009
  • 만기요람은 조선후기 왕명에 의하여 편찬된 국정운용 지침서로서 엮어진 책이다. 특별히 재용 편을 통해서는 당시의 조선후기 국가재정의 이모저모를 일목요연하게 엿볼 수 있다. 만기요람 재용 편에서 오늘날에도 중시되고 있는 비철금속 자원으로 금, 은, 구리, 납의 생산지 분포와 성쇠 및 종류별 용도를 자세히 설명하였다. 농업지리 내용으로 연간 곡물 총생산량과 전답 및 전세(田稅) 부과와 그 기준 뿐만 아니라, 고금을 통해 외부세계에 널리 알려진 인삼에 대해, 그리고 수리(水利)를 위한 제언(堤堰)의 분포와 기능 등을 밝히고 있다, 한편, 소나무의 종류, 분포 및 봉산(封山)정책 등의 내용은 임업지리 관련내용이라 할 수 있다. 상업지리 관련내용으로 육의전(六矣廛), 시전(市廛), 평시서(平市署), 난전(亂廛), 향시(鄕市) 등 여러 장시(場市)의 종류와 북쪽 변방의 국경시장인 회령개시(會寧開市)와 경원개시(慶源開市)의 분포와 규모, 성쇠 등에 대해 설명하고 있다. 교통지리와 관련한 내용으로 조창(漕倉)의 분포와 기능 등 다양한 당시의 지리관련 내용들이 들어있다. 이들 내용들은 현대 지리적 분류체계와 연결시켜 해석하여 보면 대단히 의미 있는 지리정보들임을 알 수 있다. 당시 나라의 임금이 비망록처럼 지척에 두고 읽는 책자 속에, 실용적 지리관련 지식과 필요한 정보들이 국왕의 국정운용에 직결되는 요체로서 정리되어 매우 중요하게 쓰이고, 커다란 영향을 미쳤음을 짐작할 수 있다.

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모로코인(人)의 장신구(裝身具)와 화장(化粧)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study of the Personal Ornaments and Make-up of Maroccan)

  • 이순홍
    • 패션비즈니스
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.15-34
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    • 2001
  • Ornaments are accessories for the decoration of the body or dress. They aren't unavoidably required one, but serve to make one's dress perfect as decorative industrial art objects. In Morocco, ornaments were initially used as a sign of social position or the class or an incantatory symbol. In effect, they were originally employed to adjust one's dress, not just for decoration, and they were of use for household economy. Gold, silver and handcraft available for exchange were a means of increasing one's property and an indication of social standing and wealth. In particular, the dress and jewelry of a bride was a measure of her family's wealth, regarded as a symbol of her chastity and value. The ornaments symbolically back up people's faith in supernatural power, and their real value is based on implicit form or way of decoration, not the external shape. Specifically, there is a tendency to use the form of animal as a protector, not one to frighten people. In the artistic tradition of Morocco, fish pattern stands for water and rain, and eagle and bird are considered to be related to fate. Scorpion and lizard are depicted as an inquirer of sun, and snake is a symbol of abundance and sexual instinct, being viewed to have an ability to cure disease. Turtle pattern is a symbol of saint because it protects one from the evil. The ornaments are made of gold, silver, amber, clam, garnet, glass, nielle, enamel, glaze, coral or tree, and symbolic patterns are used, including hand(a symbol of five numerals), turtle, lizard, scorpion, eye, triangle, bird and eggs. They are very big and diverse, being categorized into ornaments for the head or the chest, neckless, fibula, earring, bracelet and ring. For Moroccans, make-up is a sort of instinctive behavior to meet aesthetic and sexual desire. They also wear make-up for practical purpose of protection, intentionally inflict a wound on the skin for ceremonial or religious purpose, paint the skin with pigment, or have the part of the body tattooed for incantatory purpose. All this actions are regarded as make-up. The raw material of cosmetics is aker, a vegetable dye. They get the lips or cheeks turn red and paint eyebrows with yellow saffran powder to have a bad devil lose its strength. Tattooing is mainly done by women and viewed as a sign of their value or social organization they belong to. Sometimes that is used to represent a woman's being old enough to marry or getting married already or the frequency of marriage. Besides, tattoo is believed to prevent or remedy loose bowels or cough, depending on its location or pattern, and they often change tattoo according to the change of beauty art.

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한국 금-은광화작용과 천열수 광상의 성인모델: 탐사에의 적용

  • 최선규;박상준;김창성
    • 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한자원환경지질학회 2002년도 추계 공동 심포지엄 논문집
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    • pp.119-136
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    • 2002
  • Contrasts in the style of the gold-silver mineralization in geologic and tectonic settings in Korea, together with radiometric age data, reflect the genetically different nature of hydrothermal activities, coinciding with the emplacement age and depth of Mesozoic magmatic activities. It represents a clear distinction between the plutonic settings of the Jurassic Daebo orogeny and the subvolcanic environments of the Cretaceous Bulgugsa igneous activities. Dunng the Daebo igneous activities (c.a. 200~150 (\ulcorner) Ma) coincident with orogenic time, gold mineralization took place between c.a. 195 and 135 (127 \ulcorner) Ma. The Jurassic Au deposits commonly show several characteristics; prominent association with pegmatites, low Ag/Au ratios In the ore-concentrating parts, massive vein morphology and a distinctively simple mineralogy including Fe-rich sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, Au-rich electrum, pyrrhotite and/or pyrite. During the Bulgugsa igneous activities (110~50 Ma), the precious-metal deposits are generally characterized by such features as complex vein morphology, medium to high Ag/Au ratios in the ore concentrates, and diversity of ore minerals including base-metal sulfides, pyrite, arsenopyrite, Ag-rich eletrum and native silver with Ag sulfides, Ag-Sb-As sulfosalts and he tellurides. Vein morphology, mineralogical, fluid inclusion and stable isotope results indicate the diverse genetic natures of hydrothermal systems in Korea. The Jurassic Au-dominant deposits (orogenic type) were formed at the relatively high temperature (about 300$^{\circ}$ to 45$0^{\circ}C$) and deep-crustal level (4.0$\pm$1.5 kb) from the hydrothermal fluids containing more amounts of magmatic waters ($\delta$$^{18}$ $O_{H2O}$; 5~10$\textperthousand$). It can be explained by the dominant ore-depositing mechanisms as $CO_2$ boiling and sulfidation, suggestive of hypo- to mesothermal environments. In contrast, the Cretaceous Au-dominant (l13~68 Ma), Au-Ag (108~47 Ma) and AE-dominant (103~45 Ma) deposits, which correspond to volcanic-plutonic-related type, occurred at relatively low temperature (about 200$^{\circ}$ to 35$0^{\circ}C$) and shallow-crustal level (1.0$\pm$0.5 kb) from the ore-forming fluids containing more amounts of less-evolved meteonc waters ($\delta$$^{18}$ $O_{H2O}$;-10~5$\textperthousand$). These characteristics of the Cretaceous precious-metal deposits can be attributed to the complekities in the ore-precipitating mechanisms (mixing, boiling, cooling), suggestive of epi- to mesothermal environments. Therefore, the differences of the emplacement depth between the Daebo and the Bulgugsa igneous activities directly influence the unique temporal and spatial association of the deposit styles.les.

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온침의 온도변화 특성에 대한 문헌 고찰 연구 (A Review on the Characteristics of Temperature Variation in Warm Needle)

  • 이주현;조효림;김선혜;이연선;박세원;문소리;정찬영;성원석;조현석;김경호;이병욱;김은정
    • 대한한의학회지
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.112-138
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study is to organize the research methods and results of studies related to the temperature of the warm needle for systematic utilization of warm needling technique. Methods: This study used the databases of nine (Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane Central, 4 Korean databases, CNKI, CiNii) to analyze temperature-related studies of the warm needle from 2000 to June 2019. Results: A total of 19 papers were included. Of these, 15 were used for mugwort, 2 for high frequency, and 1 for both mugwort and high frequency, and the other one for a ceramic heater. The maximum temperature rises as the amount of moxibustion increases. It is also affected by the density of moxa and the ignition part. There were 16 papers using stainless steel needles and 4 papers using a needle made of gold or silver to compare. In the area of the needle, the closer it is to moxibustion, the hotter it is. Compared to stainless steel needles, gold and silver needles showed almost twice the temperature. The effects of environment and radiant heat should be considered during warm needle procedures. Conclusions: There are various experimental methods such as warm needle technique materials, methods, measuring parts, measuring instruments, etc. The results were also very diverse. When setting the heating source, ignition part, size of moxibustion, etc. of warm needles, it should be implemented in a way that takes safety and validity into account. Considerations for temperature characteristics, radiant heat, etc. of warm needles will be needed when making warm needle apparatus.

중국문헌을 통해본 중세 동남아의 불교문화(II) (Some Views for the Buddhist Culture of Southeast Asia at Middle Ages through the Chinese Description (II))

  • 주수완
    • 수완나부미
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.57-90
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    • 2012
  • This essay is for a study on the survey of buddhist cultural literary document about the Southeast Asia by Nanqishu(南齊書), Liangshu(梁書), Chiu T'angshu(舊唐書), Hsin T'ang shu(新唐書) which are included in the Chinese Official History and Jí-shénzhōu-sānbăo-găntōng-lù(集神州三寶感通錄), Weioshu Shilao Ji (魏書 釋老志). These documents allows us to imagine next some historical states. First, these documents are recording this area, especially Funan, as a plentiful diggings of gold, silver, tin, copper, etc. These are important materials for gilt bronze sculptures. Further, this local produced gold called 'Yangmai(楊邁)' is recognized as same as Zĭmòjīn(紫磨金) in china, and these documents explains the process of producing the bronze images and golden ornaments in Southeast Asia. Specially, this plentiful materials leads them to make a 10 wei(圍) tall golden-silver image which worshiped as hindu god or sometimes buddhist images. Second, Vietnam and Funan in Northern and Southern Dynasty periods were in antagonistic relationship not only in the political but also in religious between Vietnamese Hinduism and Funan's Buddhism. Under this situation, the monk Nagaxian(那伽仙) who had came from India was accredited to Southern Qi court as a delegate to build a good relationship by the common religion Buddhism. It means the Buddhism of Southeast Asia also took a role of diplomacy. Third, these documents proved the active Southeast Asian cultural exchange in early 3th century. At this time, Funan delegate Suwu(蘇物) visited the court of Kushan Dynasty in India and he is seemed to travel the city of Pātaliputra. It oppressed us to extend our outlook which have been restricted in the relationship between Southern india and Southeast Asia to more broaden area. In addition, the buddhist art of Southern India and Bodhgaya temple was imported to Southeast Asia directly to send to Southern China. For example, the wooden buddha image, Bodhgaya stupa image, and Sri Lanka style's buddha images are looked be introduced to Southern China at this time throughout the Southeast Asia. At last, we got to know that the court music of Kucha in the northern silk route was imported to the Southeast Asia in early middle age. Even it may be introduced by China, but this document is very important to make the surmise is not unreasonable that the buddhist culture of northern silk route imported to the Southeast Asia accompanied with Kucha music. The buddha images in Gandharan style which are excavated from some site of Southeast Asia may demonstrate this literary sources is authentic.

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황남대총 남분 출토 용문투조은판피안교의 보존과 제작기법 연구 (A Study on Conservation and Manufacturing Technique of Saddle Ornament(Angyo) Excavated from South Tomb Hwangnamdaechong)

  • 권희홍;전효수;윤은영
    • 박물관보존과학
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    • 제12권
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    • pp.59-69
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    • 2011
  • 황남대총 출토 용문투조은판피안교의 보존처리 과정과 제작기법에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 보존처리는 물리적, 화학적 방법을 병행하여 이물질제거를 실시하였으며, 강화처리와 함께 결실 및 취약한 부분은 접합·복원하였다. 안교금구와 좌목선금구 분석결과 은(Ag)이 99 wt%이상이며, 원두정, 내연금구, 복륜은 구리 위에 수은아말감 금도금기법으로 제작하였다. 은판으로 투조된 안교금구와 좌목선금구의 결합방법은 두금구를 포갠 후 내연금구를 올려 놓고 금동원두정을 일정 간격으로 박아 결합시켰다. 그리고 곡선 형태로 생장한 나무를 의도적으로 목심으로 사용하였으며, 마(麻), 모(毛) 종류의 평직직물이 부착되어 제작되었음을 확인하였다.

안전기능성 구명복에 적용된 재귀반사 종류별 및 LED 위치별 가시성능 평가 (Visibility Evaluation of Various Retroreflective Fabric Types and LED Position on Safety Life Jacket)

  • 강민영;이선희
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.352-361
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    • 2017
  • This study prepared 5 retroreflective fabrics of glass beads and colors of silver, gold and purple in order to characterize morphologies, luminance and illuminance properties. Retroreflective fabrics were prepared according to division and area by Samp.1 (Division 2, area $80cm^2$), Samp.2 (Division 2, area $60cm^2$), Samp.3(Division 3, area $60cm^2$), Samp.4 (Division 5, area $50cm^2$), and Samp.5 (Division 1, area $100cm^2$). The results of the morphologies indicate that the back side of retroreflective fabrics was the 3M-Sv, RF-Sv. The RF-Gd of the fabrics were woven fabrics and the SRF-Sv, SRF-Pp was knitting. The largest glass bead size was 3M-Sv and the smallest was SRF-Pp. RF-Sv was the thinnest and SRF-Sv, SRF-Pp were the thickest. The results of luminance properties indicated a tendency to decrease slightly as the number of divisions and area increased, except for Samp.2 to Samp.3. The result of illuminance properties tend to increase as the number of LED becomes greater than the number of divisions in the same area; in addition, the higher the luminance as a whole increases. The results show that it is preferable to use a silver-colored RF-Sv which has the highest luminance and physical properties when a retroreflective fabric is applied to clothes.