• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.96-105
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• 2014

Objective : Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch (GUF) has been used as remedy of allergic diseases for a long time in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the anti-allergic effects of GUF on experimental allergic asthma mouse model using ovalbumin (OVA). Methods : BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with 100 ug of OVA and 1 mg of aluminum potassium sulfate of 0.2 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) intraperitoneally on day 1 and 15. Mice were challenged on 3 consecutive days with 5% OVA and AHR was assessed 24 hrs after the last challenge. We examined total inflammatory cell number in bronchoaveloar lavage fluid (BALF), Th2-associated cytokine productions and lung histology. Results : GUF potently inhibited the development of airway hypersensitivity and also reduced the number of BAL cells during OVA-induced allergic asthma. GUF also inhibited cytokine productions such as IL-4, IL-13 in lung tissue. Furthermore, GUF treatment inhibited allergic airway inflammation. Conclusion : These results suggest that GUF may inhibit the production of IL-4, IL-13 and infiltration of inflammatory cell and be beneficial oriental medicine for allergic asthma.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.16-25
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• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicera Japonica-Glycyrrhiza Uralensis decoction extracts (LGE) on ulcerative colitis in children and adolescents. Methods Colitis was induced by DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium) in C57BL/6 mice. The sample mice were divided into group of four. The mice in the control group were not inflammation-induced. The control group was composed of untreated ulcerative colitis elicited mice. The mice in the experimental group were administered with Pentasa and another experimental group mice were treated with LGE after colitis elicitation. The effects on ulcerative colitis were evaluated by the morphological changes of colonic mucosa, decrease in the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$ and $NF-{\kappa}B$) and inflammatory cytokines (iNOS and COX-2) in the mucosa. Results LGE showed protective effects in DSS induced ulcerative colitis. LGE inhibited shortening of colon length and relieved the hemorrhagic erosion in colonic mucosa. LGE decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$ and $NF-{\kappa}B$) and inflammatory cytokines (iNOS and COX-2). According to the GC/MS analysis, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was identified. Conclusions The result shows the clinical efficacy of LGE and demonstrates possible treatment options for ulcerative colitis. Further investigations for biological activity and chemical analysis of LGE will be needed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.174-178
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• 2002

Changes in amino acids, organic acids and free sugars of soybean sprouts cultivated with extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra(GGE) during growth of 4 days were investigated. GGE was utilized as sprouting water of soybean and adjusted to 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 400 ppm. Content of total amino acids of soybean sprouts cultivated with GGE was the most abundant, when soybean sprouts were cultivated for 3 days with 100 ppm of PGE. Content of aspartic acid was increased according to culturing days, but glutamic acid was shown to be a opposite trend. Content of total free sugar of soybean sprouts cultivated with GGE was lower than those of control group, and then increased by increasing of culturing days within GGE groups with same concentration. Sucrose of all groups during growth of soybean sprouts was decreased, but the other sugars were increased. Content of total organic acids was increased by increasing of culturing days and was the most abundant in soybean sprouts cultivated with 200 ppm of GGE among same groups. In conclusion, GGE as sprouting water of soybean was effective to increase of contents of amino acids and organic acids in soybean sprouts, indicating that GGE accelerated the quality of soybean sprouts.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2010

Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Leguminosae) is a well-known herbal medicine that has long been valued as a demulcent to relieve inflammatory disorders. To compare the influence of different solvents on the anti-inflammatory efficacy of G. uralensis, we measured the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-$\alpha$, and $PGE_2$ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells by extracts produced using different solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, or n-hexane). The results showed that methanol was the most effective solvent for the inhibition of both NO and $PGE_2$ production in RAW 264.7 cells. However, there was no difference among the extracts for inhibition of TNF-$\alpha$. Further study must be performed for the analysis of correlation between the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts produced using different solvents and the content of major bioactive compounds in G. uralensis, such as glycyrrhizin and liquiritin. The present study suggests that methanol may be a more appropriate solvent of G. uralensis than other solvents (water, ethanol, and n-hexane) to yield the greatest anti-inflammatory activity for food additives and medicine.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1367-1372
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• 1998

The studies were carried out to investigative effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Glycyrrhiza uralensis 3% (LG) with and without dipping of salted Chinese cabbage in 1% chitosan solution(LGDC) on fermentation of kimchi at $10^{\circ}C$ during 25 days. The pH and titratable acidity of kimchi with LG and LGDC were higher and lower, respectively, than that of control. Viable cells of total bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Leuconostoc sp. and Lactobacillus plantarum in kimchi added with LG and LGDC were shown inhibitory effect about $1.6{\sim}2.1,\;1.2{\sim}2.9,\;0.8{\sim}2.2,\;0.7{\sim}1.6$ log10 cycle, respectively. Specially Leuconostoc sp. and L. plantarum was very inhibited than in control from 0 day. The sour taste of LG and LGDC added kimchi was changed more slowly than that of control during fermentation of kimchi. But flavor, color and overall acceptability did not show significant difference(P<0.05) between treatments. The shelf-life of LGDC added kimchi was extended over 10 days compared with control.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.12-30
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of SMG on the in vitro and in vivo inflammatory reactions. In experiment I, in vitro tests, ethanol extract of SMG showed potent radical scavenging activity tested by DPPH(I,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hyrazyl) method and inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expressions of interleukin-1${\beta}$, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (above 50$\%$ at a concentration of 50㎍／㎖) by the macrophage RAW 246.7 cells. Among the herbal ingredients of SMG, ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Glycyrrhiza glabra showed potent radical scavenging activity. And Glycyrrhiza glabra and Scutellaria baicalensis showed potent inhibitory activity of nitric oxide production. Especially, ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis inhibited the gene expression of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$. In cyclooxygenase-2 assay, Scutellaria baicalensis and Glycyrrhiza glabra showed the potent inhibition of prostaglandin E2 generation. In experiment 2, in vivo tests, SMG showed inhibitory effects on vascular permeability (28.7$\%$) and leukocyte migration (11.5$\%$). These results mean that SMG has a anti-inflammatory effects by it's inhibitory effects of leukocyte migration and vascular permeability as well as it's inhibitory effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$, and radical scavenging activity. Therefore, I expect that SMG may be used as a effective drug for treatment on inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.315-321
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• 2017

Background: Glycyrrhiza uralensis Radix (GR) is a crude drugs used in Asian countries that has been reported to prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The present study examined whether GR and its active compounds, glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and isoliquiritigenin (IL), exerted protective effects on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage in C6 glial cells. Methods and Results: We exposed C6 glial cells to hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) for 24 h and investigated the cellular response to GR and its active compounds by evaluating cell viability, reactivie oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis-related protein expression. GR successfully mitigated the reduced cell viability and ROS production induced by $H_2O_2$ in C6 glial cells, IL and GA significantly increased the cell viability and decreased ROS production. In addition, IL and GA down-regulated apoptotic Baxdependent caspase-3 activation, but each compound exerted different mechanisms, i.e., IL dose-dependently decreased ROS production and, GA up-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that GR and its active components, IL and GA, exhibit potential for use as natural neurodegenerative agents for the modulation of apoptosis in C6 glial cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.143-146
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• 2006

Effects of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) powder as sugar substitute on kimchi quality was evaluated by investigating acid formation, lactic acid bacteria growth, and sensory properties of licorice powder added kimchi. Initial pH of licorice powder added kimchi unripened and ripened for one day did not differ from those of other samples, but slightly increased thereafter 2-3 days ripening. Acidities of unripened and kimchi ripened for 1 day significantly increased by addition of licorice powder, while that of kimchi ripened for 2-3 days significantly decreased (p<0.05). Addition of licorice powder had no significant effect on lactic acid bacteria count of kimchi compared to sugar. Overall acceptability and taste of 0.1 and 0.2% licorice powder-added kimchi ripened for 1-3 days were similar to or slightly higher than those of reference sample, whereas addition of 1.0% licorice powder resulted in lowest overall acceptability, taste, odor, and texture. Licorice powder addition generally did not change color of kimchi.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2019

Antioxidants are involved in the defense mechanism against the attack of free radicals. This study was carried out to determine the antioxidant activity of new variety of Glycyrrhiza cultivar radix, Wongam and Sinwongam. Dissolved freeze dried Wongam and Sinwongam extracts were filtered by $0.2{\mu}m$ filter and serially diluted at the concentrations of $10{\mu}g/mL$, $50{\mu}g/mL$, $100{\mu}g/mL$, $500{\mu}g/mL$, and $1000{\mu}g/mL$. The antioxidant potential was determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-rthylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical cation decolorization assay, nitrite radical scavenging assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. DPPH radical scavenging activities (i.e. the highest value $50.9{\pm}0.8%$ by Wongam and $82.6{\pm}1.1%$ by Sinwongam), ABTS radical scavenging activities (i.e. the highest value $88.1{\pm}1.8%$ by Wongam and $98.6{\pm}0.1%$ by Sinwongam), and nitrite radical scavenging activities (i.e. the highest value $87.3{\pm}1.6%$ by Wongam and $89.8{\pm}0.8%$ by Sinwongam) increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ferric reducing power activities also increased in a dose-dependent manner. The FRAP value of Wongam and Sinwongam extracts were $0.72{\pm}0.03$ and $0.99{\pm}0.06$ compared to ascorbic acid, as a positive control, was $1.32{\pm}0.02$. These results suggested that Wongam and Sinwongam have beneficial effects as a potent antioxidant.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2019

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Hataedock treatment using Coptidis Rhizome and Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (CG) mixed extract in allergic rhinitis induced NC/Nga mice. We divided NC/Nga mice into 3 groups as follows; allergic rhinitis-induced group after CG Hataedock treatment (CGT, n=10), no treatment group (Ctrl), allergic rhinitis elicited group (ARE). To induce allergic rhinitis, NC/Nga mice of 3 weeks age were sensitized on 7, 8 and 9week by Ovalbumin (OVA) antigen in intranasal space. Hataedock using CG extract was administered on week 3 in allergic rhinitis-induced group (CGT) after Hataedock treatment. To identify distribution of Interlukin (IL)-4, Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), high-affinity IgE receptor ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI$), substance P, Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), Nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65, Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), we used histological examination. CGT significantly inhibited IL-4 and CD40 response compared with ARE. The reduction of Th2 cytokine expression decreased inflammatory mediators such as $Fc{\varepsilon}RI$, substance P, MMP-9, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS and COX-2. Such immunological improvement induced reduction of respiratory epithelial damage and mucin secretion in goblet cell. These results indicate that Hataedock treatment suppresses allergic rhinitis through modulating of Th2 responses and diminishing various inflammatory mediators in nasal mucosal tissue. It might have potential applications for prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.