• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1985

It was attempted to observe the effect of garlic on the hepatic glutathione s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activity in this study. Glutathione s-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) are thought to play a physiological role in initiating the detoxication of potential alkylating agents, inclnding pharmacologically active compounds. Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1. 11. 1. 9) might play an important role in the protection of cellular structures against oxidative challenge. The activities of glutathione s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase in rat liver were increased by the treatment of garlic juice. Allicin fraction, heat-treated allicin fraction and garlic butanol fraction markedly inhibited glutathione s-transferase activity in vitro, whereas glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly increased in heat-treated allicin fraction and garlic butanol fraction.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2004

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of Chungganhaeju-Tang on alcohol induced human hepatic cell apoptosis by synthesis of glutathione. Methods : The amount of glutathione in HepG2 cell was measured with colorimetric glutathione assay kit and glutathione-conjugated CDNB(1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) at $37^{\circ}C$ and then measured by spectrometry to assess the activity of glutathione S-transferase. Results : The synthesis of glutathione and the activity of glutathione S-transferase in HepG2 cell were promoted by Chungganhaeju-Tang and increased in dose/time-dependent manner. Chungganhaeju-Tang inhibited apoptosis induced by ethanol and acetaldehyde dependent to treatment dosage. In Buthione sulfoximine, a glutathione synthesis inhibitor, treated case, the synthesis of glutathione was inhibited and in Chungganhaeju-Tang treated case, the synthesis of glutathione is promoted with or without Buthione sulfoximine. The present findings suggest that Chungganhaeju-Tang inhibits alcohol induced apoptosis by synthesis of glutathione in HepG2 cell. Conclusions : The result indicates that Chungganhaeju-Tang protects human hepatic cell by glutathione synthesis and made the liver recover from alcohol induced damage.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.801-804
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• 2013

Glutathione 생성능이 우수한 효모균주의 획득을 목적으로 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 균주를 변이처리 하였다. 선발된 변이주들의 전체적인 glutathione 함유량은 6.1-15.8 mg/g이었으며, glutathione 함유량과 항산화활성은 비교적 양호한 양의 상관관계($R^2$=0.488)를 보였다. 특히, 변이주 S. cerevisiae Sa59의 glutathione 함유량이 wild type에 비해 약 38% 증가되었으며, 환원력 또한 0.40으로 가장 높아 glutathione 생성을 위한 변이주로 선발하였다. 배양방법에 따른 gluthathione의 부피당 생산성은 진탕배양이 정치배양에 비해 약 70% 증가하였으며, 단위균체량당 glutathione 함유량 또한 진탕배양 했을 때 약 19% 증가하였다. Glucose 농도가 증가함에 따라 건조균체량과 발효에 의한 에탄올 함량은 증가하였으나, glutathione 함유량과 환원력은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. Glutamate, cysteine 및 glycine을 각각 0.04% 첨가하였을 때 단위부피 및 단위균체량당 glutathione 함유량이 각각 16%, 66% 증가하였으며, 환원력 또한 0.52로 가장 우수하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-118
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• 1989

The cardiotoxic effects of acute and chronic administration of adriamycin (ADR) were evaluated in A/J Swiss albino mice. In acute studies, male mice received intravenous ADR, 5mg or 15mg/kg per day for 3 or 1day and were sacrifice 12 hours later. Because the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase system is major pathway for free radical detoxication, glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity was measured. In acute studies, ADR-treated mice exhibited significantly decreased levels(p<0.05) of total glutathione and unchanged levels of oxidized glutathione and percentage of oxidized glutathione. The earliest myocardial fine structural alterations included swelling and degeneration of mitochondria and dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum at all dosage of acute models. In chronic studies, mice received 5mg/kg ADR once a week for up to 16 weeks. Levels of total and reduced glutathione were decreased significantly(p<0.01) and oxidized glutathione and percentage of oxidized glutathione were increased significantly (p<0.05). Chronic myocardial lesions included perinuclear vacuolization, seperation of myofibrils and the fasciae adherens of intercalated disc and hypercontraction band within myocyte. Glutathione peroxidase activity reduced significantly (p<0.01) in any group of acute and chronic ADR-treated animals. Test for lipid peroxidation(malondialdehyde) was increased significantly(P<0.01). Thus, we conclude 1) ADR significantly lowers glutathione levels in heart tissue, and 2) cellular damage progress produced by alteration of this system in mouse models of ADR cardiotoxicity. These results suggest that the glutathione-glutathione peroxidase system may be involved in the modulation of ADR-induced cardiotoxicity.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 1992

Effect of freeze drying leek against cadmium poisoning on glutathione peroxidase, on glutathione reductase and on glutathione-s-transferase in liver, kidney and testes of the male rats during the administered period. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats which were fed for 15 weeks were divided into 4 groups basal diet 3% leek added diet basal diet and cadmium in water and 3% leek added diet and cadmium in water. Cadmium was administered ad libitum 100ppm CdCl$_{2}$ in distilled water. The followings are the result of this experiment. 1. Leek enhanced the glutathione peroxidase activities which were reduced by cadmium treatment in liver, kidney and testes but not significance. 2. Leek reduced glutathione reductase activities which were incresed by cadmium in liver, kidney and testes. 3. Leek incresed the activities of glutathfone-s-transferase in liver but not in kidney and but not in testes. 4. Leek incresed glutathione concentration which was decresed by cadmium treatment in liver and kidney but not testes. This experiment showed that leek-addition group had protective effect against cadmium poisoning and alleviated GR and glutathione-s-transferase activities in tissues. Leek incresed activities of glutathione peroxidase in liver, kidney and testes but not significance. Therefore, this experiment concluded that leek defensive power against long term cadmium poisoning.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 1978년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.210.2-210
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• 1978

전보의 glutathione의 최적 추출조건에 의한 추출액을 이온교환수지(Dowe xl-x2, Dowex 50w-x8)에 통과시켜 NAD와 glutathione을 분리하여 각각 paper chromatography로 확인한 결과 authentic Rf치와 일치하였다. 또 glutathione 함유액 부분을 2가구리 화합물로 처리한 동염처리 정제법을 이용하여 순수 glutathione 함유액을 얻었다. 또 chelate제도 sodium gluconate를 0.02％ 처리할때 glutathione 최종 수율이 66.2％에서 76.8％로 증가하였다. 이 순수용액을 50％ ethanol로 처리하여 crude glutathione 결정을 얻었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1994

백서에 paraquat(PQ)투여로 간, 신장 및 폐 glutathione량이 감소되는데, 간과 신장은 유사한 감소양상을 나타냈고, 폐에서 감소율이 가장 높았으며, 혈액에서는 유의한 변화를 나타내지 않았다. PQ투여로 γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase와 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 활성이 감소되었다. 따라서 간과 신장의 glutathione 감소는 γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase 활성이 감소되어 glutathione 합성저하에 의해 나타난 결과로 생각되고, 폐에서는 간과 신장의 γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase 활성감소로 glutathione합성이 감소되고, 폐 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase활성감소로 인해 혈액으로부터 폐세포로 glutathione 이동이 감소될 것으로 추정되므로 폐 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 활성감소는 glutathione량 감소의 한 원인이 될 것으로 생각되며, 혈액에서는 γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase와 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase활성감소로 glutathione의 혈액내로 유입과 타장기로 유출이 모두 저하되어 glutathione량의 변화가 없는 것으로 생각된다. PQ에 의한 장기내 glutathione량 감소는 유리기 소거기능이 저하되어 PQ에 의해서 생성된 유리기 제거가 미흡할 것으로 생각되므로 PQ독성의 한 요인이 될 것으로 추측된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.436-442
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• 1994

The effect of garlic on glutathione S-transferase activity and the level of glutathione in the mouse liver was studied. the intraperitoneal injection of the methanol extract of garlic and ally sulfide which is one of possible active compounds in garlic to ICR mouse before the injection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) increased the levels of glutathione and nonprotein-SH in microsomal fraction of the livers. The injection of the chloroform fraction 2 which revealed the highest antimutgenic activity in our previous research in the increase of the activity of glutathione S-transferase and the levels of glutathione and nonprotein -SH. The glutathione itself also had the antimutagenic effect on AFB1 and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in vitro.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1978

효모의 균체생산에 관한 연구중 glutathione 함량이 다량 축적되는 효모를 검색한 결과, Rhodotorula glutinis 균주가 높은 균체량과 g1utathione 을 함육하였다. 이 균주에 대한 배양시간에 따른 glutathione의 함량증가를 검토한 결과 pH 6.0, 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 왕복진탕배양으로 48시간 배양하였을 때 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. Glutathione 함량 증가를 보기 위해 기본배지에 아미노산을 첨가하여 glutathione 함량을 측정한 결과, 명아미노산의 최적농도는 0.7%, 최적 시기는 배양 후 36시간째 였다. Glutathiohe의 구성아미노산인 glutamic acid, cysteine, glycine을 조합하여 첨가할 때 219$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml으로 무첨가 배지의 73$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml에 비해 약 3배의 증가를 보였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1993

춘천시 근교의 토양으로부터 glutathione 생산균주를 분리, 동정하고 glutathione 생산 최적조건을 검토하였다. 분리된 균주는 동정을 행한 결과 Candida sp.로 판단되었다. Glutathione 생산을 위한 Candida sp의 배지조성은 fructose 1.0, yeast extract 4.0, NaCl 0.04, thiamine-HCl5{\mu}g/ml$ 및 L-cysteine 0.04 이었으며 온도는 $25^{\circ}C$, pH 6.0에서 36시간 배양하였을 때 glutathione 생산이 가장 좋았다. Glutathion 생산을 위한 최적배지에서 Candida sp. 균주에의한 glutathione 생산량은 $92{\mu}g/ml$로 YM 배지보다 약 2.5배 정도 증가하였다.