• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2003

This study was carried out to identify of C3G (cyanidin-3-glucoside) from mulberry fruits and quantify with different varieties. C3G of mulberry fruits was extracted with 1％ HCl-MeOH and purified with open column (5${\times}$90cm) which filled with Amberlite IRC-50 ion exchange resin. The $\lambda$max ranges of the purified C3G on UV/vis spectrum were 516nm and 280nm. Also, molecular weight of C3G from mulberry fruits by LC-Mass was determined as 449. From above results, we concluded that anthocyanin pigment of mulberry fruits was C3G only. The cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) was separated and quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system using a Nova-Pack C$\_$18/ column. Mean content of the 35 tested accessions was 0.89％. Also fruity characteristics as well as C3G content to select the desirable mulberry varieties for the production of fruit were researched and analyzed. We selected three suitable varieties such as 'Susungppong', 'Kangsun', and 'Jeolgokchosaeng(Chungpuk)'.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 1999

By cytotoxicity screening of the 65 Korean medicinal plants against leukemia L1210 and P388D$_{1}$ cell line using the MTT assay in vitro, Albizzia julibrissin was studied. This plant was extracted with MeOH and MeOH extract was solvent-fractionated with CHCl$_{3}$, EtOAc and n-BuOH in sequence. Each fraction by various solvents system was purified by column chromatography and preparative TLC, and four compounds were isolated. The structure of each compound was deduced from UV, IR, $^{1}$H-HMR, $^{13}$ C-NMR and CI-MS spectral data. The cytotoxic activity ($IC_{50}$/_ of the compounds, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, 4',5,7-trihydroxyfla-van-3-glucoside, spinasterol-3-glucoside and acacic acid lactone, were evaluated as 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 2$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml against L1210 and as 9$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 1.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml against P388D$_{1}$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2016

Flavonoids are widely reported to be beneficial to human health. Among flavonoids, in general, flavonoid aglycons have better biological activities than flavonoid glycosides, in that aglycons can easily penetrate through cell membrane because of their low polarity. Therefore, kaempferol, quercetin and various their glycosides were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit NO and $PGE_2$ productions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Of these flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, kaempferol-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside(kp-7-glu) which possesses a glycoside at C-7 position of the A ring in kaempferol, potently inhibited NO, $PGE_2$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 productions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.257-260
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• 2000

The content of anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) and the peonidin 3-glucoside (P3G) from 591 rice cultivars and the antioxidative activities of MeOH extract from 8 rice cultivars were evaluated. Among them, C3G content of pigmented rice were ranged from 0 to 451.9mg in 100 g brown rice, while the P3G contents were in the range from 0 to 42.7mg in 100g brown rice. There was no correlation between C3G and P3G content. Total anthocyanin content ranged from 0 to 475.1mg in 100g brown rice. The antioxidative activity, the scavenging activity on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl) radical of MeOH extracts from rice grain, were different according to cultivars. The activity of blockish purple pericarp rice cultivars was twice stronger than that of white pericarp cultivar. Especially, the antioxidative activity of Heugjinjubyeo was four times stronger than that of white pericarp cultivar. The scavenging effect on DPPH radical in rice extracts was related to the total anthocyanin contents of the extracts.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2008

Five anthraquinones, emodin (1), ${\omega}$-hydroxyemodin (2), chrysophanol-8-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (3), emodin-8-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (4), and physcion-8-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (5), and five flavonoids, kaempferol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (6), quercetin (7), quercitrin (8), isoquercitrin (9), and (+)-catechin (10), were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble extract of the fruits of Rumex japonicus. The structures of 1-10 were identified by spectroscopic methods including NMR studies. This is the first report on the isolation of compounds 3-5 from this plant. The isolates were subjected to in vitro bioassays to evaluate their inhibitory activities on the rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR), among which two anthraquinones (1 and 4), and five flavonols (5-9) showed significant activities on RLAR.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.168-176
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• 1987

Veronicastrum sibiricum (L.) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae) is a perennial herb growing in moist land. It has been used as a korean folk medicine in treating common cold, leucorrhea, cystitis and liver damage and as cholagogue. The present study dealt with the elucidation of the chemical components. From the roots of the plant, five iridoids were isolated and identified as minecoside $(mp\;142{\sim}3^{\circ})$, 6-O-veratryl catalpol ester $(mp\;216{\sim}8^{\circ})$, catalpol $(mp\;204{\sim}6^{\circ})$, aucubin $(mp\;180{\sim}2^{\circ})$ and 6-desoxy-8-isoferuloyl harpagide $(mp\;139{\sim}41^{\circ})$. Furthermore, ${\beta}-sitosteryl-3-O-D-glucoside$, campesteryl 3-O-D-glucoside, ${\beta}-sitosterol$, campesterol, stigmasterol and mannitol were also isolated.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2015

Some virulence proteins of Helicobacter pylori, such as vacuolating cytotoxic protein A (VacA) and cytotoxin-associated gene protein A (CagA) have been reported to be causative agents of various gastric diseases including chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer or gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression level of these virulence proteins can be regulated when H. pylori is exposed to the antibacterial agent, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) as previously reported. In this study, we analyzed the quantitative change of various virulence proteins including CagA and VacA by C3G treatment. We used 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to analyze the quantitative change of representative ten proteome components of H. pylori 60190 ($VacA^+/CagA^+$; standard strain of Eastern type). After 2-DE analysis, spot intensities were analyzed using ImageMaster$^{TM}$ 2-DE Platinum software then each spot was identified using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) or peptide sequencing using Finnigan LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Next, we selected major virulence proteins of H. pylori among quantitatively meaningful ten spots and confirmed the 2-DE results by Western blot analysis. These results suggest that cyanidin 3-O-glucoside can modulate a variety of H. pylori pathogenic determinants.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

The bark of Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (Ulmaceae) has been used for the treatment of gonorhea, edema, scabies and eczema marginatum. Previous investigations conducted with the heartwood and leaves have demonstrated it to contain sesquiterpenes as well as fat acids from the heartwood and flavonol glycosides from leaves. However, no phytochemical work has been done on the bark parts of this plant. Investigation of the phytochemical constituents in the barks of U. parvifolia has resulted in the isolation of sterols, sterol glucoside and a catechin glycoside, $(+)-catechin\;7-O-{\alpha}-{_L}-rhamnopyranoside$, all of which were isolated for the first time from this plant. Sterols were consisted of the three components, ${\beta}-sitosterol$, stigmasterol and campesterol in a ratio of 92.1:4.1:3.8, and sterol glucoside was identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol\;3-O-{\beta}-{_D}-glucoside$. The structure of the catechin $7-O-{\alpha}-{_L}-rhamnoside$ was established primarily by analysis of $^1H-and$ COSY-45 NMR, HMQC and HMBC and EI mass spectra of the heptaacetate. Especially, HMBC spectrum provides effective way for the determination of the point of attachment of the rhamnosyl group to catechin moiety.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.106-109
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• 2009

Phytochemical investigations of the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the whole plants of Salvia plebeia using repeated column chromatography with preparative HPLC led to the isolation of a new phenylbutanone glucoside, 4-{4-0-[6-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)-0-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl]-3-hydroxyphenyl}-butan-2-one (salviaplebeiaside, 1) along with two known phenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid methyl ester (2) and luteolin-7-0-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (3). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods including 1D-, 2D-NMR and MS spectrometry and comparison of spectroscopic data with those of values reported in the literatures.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.581-583
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• 1995

Anthocyanins in Korean pigmented rice(Oryza sativa var. Suwon 415) were analyzed to develop value-added natural pigment from rice. The pigment extracted with 1% HCl in methanol was determined as anthocyanins by characteristic absorption spectra in UV-visible ranges showing maximum absorbance at 280 nm and 530 nm. Two aglycones from acid-hydrolyzed anthocyanins were identified as cyanidin and malvidin by their $R_f$ values in several developing solvents, spectral properties, and $^1H-NMR$ analysis. Sugar moiety was determined as monoglucose by paper chromatography. The main anthocyanins in Korean pigmented rice were tentatively identified as cyanidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-glucoside.